3 IOT Part 3 IP as the IoT Network Layer Access Technologies.pdf

Internet of Things ( Elective -2 )
Unit : 3 IP as the IoT Network
Layer
Internet of Things by Dr.M.K.Jayanthi Kannan 1

Unit : 3 IP as the IoT Network Layer
3.2 Connecting Smart Objects,
3.3 Communications Criteria,
3.4 IoT AccessTechnologies.
3.5 IP as the IoT Network Layer,
3.6 The Business Case for IP,
2
Internet of Things by Dr.M.K.Jayanthi Kannan

State and Data
Data, data and data everywhere
3
Defining 'Internet of
Things' for Beginners
Design and Innovating
IoT Applications
Opportunities for IoT
Solutions in India
3

Expiry Date Heart Rate Name of a Person Current Time
Everything has a State
4

State is Expressed
with Attributes
State can be expressed
with multiple attributes
Attribute Value
Temperature 24 C
Battery Level 65%
Name Thermostat
Others …
5

State Machines
Few things expose internal
state using state machines
Sometimes users control the
state
Bulb
6

The Need for Data and
Control
Location
information
Monitoring of
health parameters
Waste level
detection
Need current
energy tariff
Control lights
and appliances
Access control
for security
Controlling traffic
signals
Parameter setting
for machines
Road conditions for
traction control
7

Data - Some devices have it; other devices or people want to use it
Data Provider Data Users
Thing
State User 1
Data
User 3
Data
User 2
Data
Existence of State and the Need for Data
8

How does the User get the Data?
Data Providers Data Users
9

Data Providers
Bridging Data Providers and Users
Data Users
10
Internet of Things by Dr.M.K.JayanthiKannan

Internet of Things
Trillion nodes
Sensors, Objects
Internet Fringe
Billion nodes
Computers, mobiles
Internet Core
Million nodes
Routers, Servers
The Internet Evolution
11

Everything has state
State is represented using attributes
State is transitioned into data from owner to users
Many users will have same data for different purpose
The Internet connects the data users to the owners
It can scale to provide connectivity for trillions of devices
State
Thing
Data
User
Key Take aways
Internet
12

Internet of Things
The next BIG thing on the Planet Earth!
13

Irrigation - Manual
Knowledge
14

Irrigation - with the Internet
Comfort
Internet
15

Irrigation - with IoT
Intelligence
Internet
16

Irrigation - IoT allows Innovation
Smart
Internet
17

Self-organizing and self-healing
network of objects
Exchanging information between
object-to-object and object-to-people
Removes physical barriers and helps in
smart decision-making by harnessing
the data
Internet of Things - the Definition
Internet
Internet as the major
communication medium
Internet of Things by Dr.M.K.JayanthiKannan 18

Aging Population
Requires better care
Real-time Information
Better decision making
Limited Resources
Requires conservation
Govt. Initiatives
Better citizen services
Innovation
New business models
Safety & Security
Better living standards
Lifestyle
Convenience
Information Generation
Measurements and
tracking

Smart Grid
Smart Cities
Smart
Environment
Safety and
Security
Smart Retail
Smart Logistics
Smart Farming
Industrial
Control
Customer
Service
Smart Homes
eHealthcare
Smart Water
IoT Applications
20

1:N N:1
Time
1:1
IoT is Pervasive Computing!
Server
Computing
Personal
Computing
Pervasive
Computing
21

23
Internet of Things will have direct implications on the physical world
Optim
al
livin
g
Future for the
next generations
Economic
development
Job creation
Improved living
standards
Empowers
people
New business
opportunities

Key Takeaway
More visibility about
the real world
Enables agility and faster
exception handling
Saves environment,
money and even lives
Real-time data
IoT
Better world
23

Designing and Innovating IoT Applications
A scalable approach for designing the IoT based applications
24

APPLICATION
TRANSPORT
NETWORK
MAC
PHY
Protocol Layers for the IoT
HTTP, CoAP
TCP/UDP
IPv6, 6lowpan
IEEE 802.15.4, WiFi, Bluetooth low
energy*, 3G/LTE, Satellite
25

Access Technologies for IoT
Parameter IEEE 802.15.4 WiFi BLE
Frequency Band
868, 915MHz
2.4GHz
2.4, 5.0 GHz 2.4GHz
Topology Start, Mesh Star Star
Range 100m-3Km 250m 100m
Data Rate 250KBps 600Mbps 1Mbps
Power
Battery, Mains,
Hybrid
Mains Battery
Applications Industrial, outdoors
Residential and
office environment
Residential and
personal
Internetworking 6lowpan IPv6 Under development

Low Cost
Physical
Constraints
Lossy Links
Low Power
Low
BoM
Less
Code
Low
Range
Low
Data
Small
Footprint
Self
Healing
Minimal
or no UI
'Things' - Design Considerations

Size of Class 0 Class 1 Class 2
Code <100 KiB ~100 KiB ~250 KiB
Data <10 KiB ~10 KiB ~50 KiB
IP Connectivity Gateway CoAP TCP/IP
Processing One simple Function Multiple Functions Flexible
Power Energy Harvesting, Battery, Rechargeable Battery, Mains Power
'Things' - The Constrained Devices
28
Moore's law will be used for reduction of cost and power requirements

Design for sleep
Receiving is expensive
Time is energy - transmit quick
Define the state model
Define a set of services
Size is cost:
Button cell > AAA > AA > Mains
Sensors
Inputs Outputs
Battery
SoC
Designing the Things
29

Typical Spec of a device
Frequency Band: 2.4GHz
Data rate: 250 Kbps
Operating voltage 1.8 to 3.6 V
Tx power: 5dBm (3.2mW)
Receiver sensitivity: –98 dBm
Current consumption:
RX - 22 mA, TX - 33 mA, Sleep - <1 µA
Assumptions:
Transaction duration: 3ms
Current consumption, avg: 30mA
No. of measurements: 60 per hour
No. of transactions: 80 per hour
How long a Button Cell would last?
CR2032: ~Typical capacity 225 mAh = 810,000,000 mAms
No. of transactions: 810,000,000 / (30 x 3) = 9,000,000
No. of transactions per day: 80 x 24 = 1,920
Duration of the battery: 9,000,000 / 1,920 = 4,687 days = 12.8 years
31
Internet of Things by Dr.M.K.Jayanthi Kannan 30
Internet of Things by Dr.M.K.JayanthiKannan

A temperature service
A time service
No bleeding between users or services
Autonomous Services
32
Client behavior need not be defined
Client use case determines the use of a service
Allows innovation in client implementation
Server
Clients
Services
Attributes
Device
User 1 User 2 User 3

Use case 1: Switching AC
ON
Use case 2: Scheduled light
ON/OFF
Use case defines how to use the services exposed by the devices
Light
Service
Client
Time
Service
Temp.
Service
AC
Service
Use Case
33

Autonomous Services - Innovation
34
n Services = (2^n) – 1 possible Use cases
100 Services = 1 267 650 600 228 229 401 496 703 205 375 Use cases
200 Services = more than the number of atoms on the Earth
Autonomous services allow Unlimited Innovation

Building Context
35
Door Closed
Projector ON
Chairs occupied
Table Interactions
Other inputs
Lights OFF
Bed Occupied
No movement
Time
Other inputs
Meeting is in progress
Context
Person is sleeping
Context

App Deployment - PAN
Personal Area IoT Networks
35

Large scale/metro area IoT networks
Deployment in Metro Areas
36

Key Takeaways
Application
Use Cases
Services
State
Attribute 1 Attribute 2 … Attribute n
37

Business Opportunities for IoT in India
Key condiderations for building IoT products and services
38

Gandhi
Local First
Minimize the distance between
producer and consumer!
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
(1869 – 1948)
39

India
India - The Land of Opportunity for the Internet of Things!
300M Mobile
Internet Users;
Second to
China
700K
employable
graduates per
year; Twice
that of China
Agriculture
contributes
25% of GDP;
Employment
for 56%
Indians
IT contributes
7% of GDP;
Saturated at
58% of global
market share
GDP is
proportional to
manufacturing;
1.7% GDP from
Electronics

What does IoT mean for India?
Internet of Things
India on Threat
Opportunity
India on Threshold
Be Proactive Be Laggard
Produce IoT Solutions Produce Gandhis
India on Technology

Considerations for Building an IoT Product
43
Collaborate to innovate
Customer Service is
Everything
Focus on traction
building and customer
acquisition
Identify your customer
in the ecosystem
90% Cost savings
10x Better experience
Easy fit into the
ecosystem

Your Product/Service
44
Elegant Intelligent
Empowering Complete
Deep
The Art of the Start 2.0, Guy Kawasaki
Curve Jumping
The user should continue to
get new value

IoT Business Model
Sunk money subscriptions
If the customer is not ready for this,
you do not have a business case.
Recurring Revenues
44

IoT Markets
eCommerce and Supply Chain
Large Farms and warehouses
Manufacturing
Energy
Transport
Healthcare
Commercial market is
preferred over the
consumer and
government markets
Focus on RoI in 2 to 3 years
45

IESA & TiE Assistance for IoT Startups
IoT for India: TiE and IESA Initiative
http://www.iotforindia.org
Assistance for
Design for Manufacturability
Testing & Certification
Interoperability and Standards
46

Be Courageous..
“ My message especially to young
peoples is
to
have courage to think differently,courage
to invent, to travel the unexplored path,
courage to discover the impossible and
to conquer the problems and succeed ”.
Dr.A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
(1931 – 2015)

Key Takeaways
India has lot of
opportunities
Build curve jumping
solutions
Business model for
recurring revenues
Be courageous
48

Questions ..?
Thank You!

3 IOT Part 3 IP as the IoT Network Layer Access Technologies.pdf

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