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1. Republic of the Philippines
PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Education
Definition of Terrorism and
Radicalization of Islamin the Philippines
Foundation of Social Studies (SSED1)
BSED – SOCIAL STUDIES 1A
December 02, 2022
Prepared By:
MR. JAYSON GARING BISUÑA
Presented To:
MRS. DELIA P. CASASIS
Instructor

2. What is Terrorism?
o Etymology:
 “Terror” comes from the Latin word “terrere”
meaning “to frighten.”
 Brief History of Terrorism:
 The term “terrorism” was initially coined to
describe the Reign of Terror, the period of the
French Revolution from 5 September 1793 to
27 July 1794, during which the Revolutionary
Government directed violence and harsh
measures against citizens suspected of being
enemies of the Revolution.

3. Different Definitions of Terrorisms:
 “The calculated use of violence or the threat of violence to inculcate fear; intended
to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are
generally political, religious, or ideological.” (U.S. Department of Defense)
 “Terrorism constitutes the illegitimate use of force to achieve a political objective
when innocent people are targeted.” (Walter Laqueur)
 “Terrorism is defined here as the recurrent use or threatened use of politically
motivated and clandestinely organised violence, by a group whose aim is to
influence a psychological target in order to make it behave in a way which the
group desires.” (C. J. M. Drake)
 “The unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or
coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in
furtherance of political or social objectives." (FBI)

4. Nature of Terrorism
 Creates a general climate of FEAR.
 Increasingly dramatic, violent and high-
profile attacks.
 Targets crowded, populous or significant
places like diplomatic facilities, military
bases, executive offices and
transportation vehicles.
 Attacks the attention of the media.
 Planned and calculated attacks.

5. Causes of Terrorism
1. To attain a political objectives.
2. Perceived social and political injustice.
3. Religious, cultural or ideological cause.
4. Re-establishment of a national
homeland.
5. Extort money.
6. Free prisoners.
7. Satisfy vengeance.

6. Effects of Terrorism
1. Political Impact
 Impact on governmental services and
functioning
 Consequences on public order
 Influence on public confidence
 Strict policy changes
2. Economic Impact
 Real or Direct Cost – destruction of physical
assets, casualties and life losses
 Perceived or Indirect Cost – investment and
consumption, behavior, rising transaction cost,
FDI
 Increased Insurance

7. Effects of Terrorism
3. Cross-national effects
 Refugee flows
 Diplomatic reprisal
 Decline in tourism
4. Increased Security Measure
 Rise of government spending on defense industries to
counterterrorism.
 Targetted laws, criminal procedures, deportations and
enhanced police powers.
 More permissive interrogation and detention policies.
 Technology innovations
5. Psychological Impact
 Psychological stress and trauma.

8. Radicalization of Islam in the Philippines
 The term ‘radical’ comprises a broad range of behaviour patterns, with the position on core
questions, such as the establishment of an Islamic state, the role of women, and freedom of
religion playing a special role. In southeast Asia, the foundations for radicalisation had
already been laid, but it was nourished by other factors, including the worldwide
renaissance of the Salafi and Wahhabi interpretations of Islam, i.e. an Islam which rejects
modernity and seeks to return to an imaginary past. Another factor is the influx of money
and ideologies from the Middle East. A third factor is the war in Afghanistan, which was
fought by militant Muslims from all over the world and which, next to its function as a
training camp for today’s terrorists, constituted the framework for the development of
transnational networks. Finally, a fourth factor is southeast Asia’s special role as the starting
point of radical ideologies. Although the initiators are a minority, they are quite capable of
efficient networking.
 Like the entire southeast Asian region, the Philippines are facing the acute danger of the
radicalisation of Muslim communities that feel marginalised and ignored in their concerns.
The question here is how to neutralise violent extremism.

9. Radicalization of Islam in the Philippines
 Partnerships with Muslim communities are of particular importance, as they are the most
likely instrument for starving out extremism. In their fight against Islamic radicalism, it is
now for the governments to choose partners that are suitable for a dialogue. Furthermore,
it would be sensible to promote legal systems and economic developments that are of
tangible benefit to the population. The Islamic educational system should not be limited to
religion and Arabic classes but also provide for teaching other skills, all the more so as
many Madrasahs have been demonised as ‘terror-producing centres’. The idea that
democracy and Islam are incompatible must be confronted. In religion, the diverse
historical and cultural framework conditions of the Muslim societies in the region should be
taken into account. Moreover, it would be important to assist women in their need for more
self-determination in a way that does not challenge their Muslim identity.
 The fight for democracy must be fought by Muslim and non-Muslim majorities and
minorities. Not only in the Philippines but throughout the entire world, politics should aim
at supporting progress-oriented people and the moderate but silent majority in wooing the
Muslims. Southeast Asia is the only region in the Muslim world with a dense structure of
moderate Muslim facilities. Especially those might help to deprive radicalism of its support
and get a hearing for moderate messages.

11. “Study not for Grades
but for Life.”
-Sir Herbie

12. The End…
Thank You!!
References:
https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.muslimpopulation.com
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_the_Philippines
https://www.muslimpopulation.com/asia/Philippines/Islam%20in%20the%20Philippine
s.
https://www.history.com/topics/religion/islam