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問題解決導向的⽤用⼾戶訪談⼯工作坊
我是誰
●產品經理 / Product Owner / ScrumMaster
●Jenson Lee
●叫車吧
Check-In
●你在做什麼?
●一句話說明「問題」的定義是什麼?
●你是誰?
需求探索歷程
從問題到提問
●如何界定問題的影響範圍?
●是使用者的問題、產品的問題、還是你的問題?
●使用者想要的,跟你要給他的是一樣的東西嗎?
●問題是什麼?
●問題怎麼產生的?
●使用者說的、就是他心中要的嗎?
以⼀一個真實的問題為例例
出機場專⾞車車
回國領⾏行行李時再叫⾞車車,
不擔⼼心班機誤點、司
機放⿃鳥。
預 約 接 送
48 ⼩小時前預約都
可以,臨臨時出差
都不怕。
市 區 叫 ⾞車車
專屬的代步禮賓⾞車車,
經濟實惠⼜又便便利利。
關於
營收來來源
叫⾞車車 接案
收取每趟⾞車車資固定比例例
作為平台服務費
•24 ~ 45 歲上班族
•必須持有信⽤用卡
•習慣使⽤用 APP 叫⾞車車
•有靠⾏行行的職業司機
•UBER 五星以上司機
媒合模式
廣播給附近的司機
回應接單
不回應
回應接單
乘客端出現可選⾞車車輛
點選⾞車車輛完成媒合
乘客端叫⾞車車
司機端媒合
問題:掉單率居⾼高不下
! 平⽇日掉單率 25%,假⽇日掉單率 35%。
! 掉單數量量最多的時段為平⽇日上下班及週末午晚餐時段。
* 掉單率 = (乘客叫⾞車車沒有司機回應 + 媒合後取消)/ 總叫⾞車車數
掉單率可怕之處
將近三分之⼀一的營收過⾨門不入
根據統計,每週約損失六位數左右的營收,
隨著使⽤用者數擴⼤大,若若掉單率居⾼高不下,損失的營收會更更加擴⼤大。
掉單率可怕之處
使⽤用者(乘客與司機)體驗很差,降低使⽤用意願
乘客⾓角度:叫⾞車車 10 次 有 3 次沒⾞車車
司機⾓角度:10 次叫⾞車車廣播,有 3 次不會回應,回應後只有 ⅓ 機率被選中,還有可能被取消。
各種因素造成掉單,雙⽅方對平台的信⼼心只會越來來越低。
掉單率可怕之處
使⽤用者的負⾯面評價會在網路路上擴散
執⾏行行過的改善策略略
! 增加排班司機:不治標還很傷本
因為乘客叫⾞車車區域很分散,增加排班也只能解決部分區域掉單,成效很有限。
增加太多排班司機,利利⽤用率會過低,成本容易易墊的太⾼高。
! 司機趟獎、激勵活動
每檔司機活動的實際跑趟的司機佔總報名數都不到 50%,仍有⼀一半的司機沒有上線跑
趟獎,或是接不到趟。

! 招募更更多新司機
每週都有幾⼗十名司機加入,⽬目前已有近千位司機註冊【叫⾞車車吧】,然⽽而實際會上線
接案的僅不到⼀一半。
⼯工作⽅方向
! 了了解掉單原因
以⽬目前的接單流程 / 活動制度,有什什麼情況會造成乘客訂單無法成立:
- 從專案團隊的⾓角度來來看,有什什麼是已經做的,卻難以突破?
- 從司機的⾓角度看會遇到什什麼困難或障礙?
! 發想解決分案
對叫⾞車車吧來來說,可以改變哪些事情降低掉單率?
對司機來來說,哪些事情是最該被優先解決的?
! ⽬目標
兩個月內掉單率減半
使⽤用者訪談法
如何訪談?
●傾聽用戶,不要主導對話
●問假設性的問題,只會得到假設性的答案
●設定訪談的目標
●抱持開放心態,可以接受任何回答
●問開放性的問題,並讓他們多談一些
利利益關係⼈人(stakeholders)訪談
●了解過去進行專案的狀況與效果
●當前績效衡量方式(指標?)
●產品、市場、營運、競爭者等考量點
●現有資源與限制?
訪談方向 -
目標 -
●蒐集利益關係人對於要解決的問題所擁有的資訊
使⽤用者訪談
●使用叫車吧或其他服務(ex. Uber)狀況
●持續使用叫車吧動機
訪談方向 -
●生活背景與日常工作時間/流程
●工作時的困難與機會
目標 -
●建立使用者的背景資訊(人物誌),以及了解造成我們的問題
(掉單)的原因。
⼈人物誌 Persona
⽤用⼾戶的⾓角⾊色或類型
使⽤用者名字
及照片或素描
故事背景情境
● 何處發⽣生
● 何時發⽣生
● 之前過程
⽤用⼾戶基本資料
● 屬性
● 特性
⽬目標與困難
● 使⽤用者想達成⽬目標
● 遭遇的困難與障礙
⼈人物誌範例例
叫⾞車車乘客
安德斯 故事背景情境
● ⾒見見客⼾戶要⽅方便便快速的移動
● 不希望浪費攔⾞車車時間
● 之前司機路路不熟、亂聊天
⽤用⼾戶基本資料
● 35 歲上班族
● 認為時間就是⾦金金錢
● 習慣網路路購物⽤用⼾戶
⽬目標與困難
● 服務穩定的接送
● 特定時段難以叫⾞車車
影響地圖 IMPACT MAPPING
DELIVERABLE ⽅方法
DELIVERABLE ⽅方法
DELIVERABLE ⽅方法
ACTOR ⾓角⾊色
ACTOR ⾓角⾊色
IMPACT 影響
IMPACT 影響
IMPACT 影響
DELIVERABLE ⽅方法GOAL ⽬目標
WHY 為了了什什麼?
WHO 為誰?
HOW 如何造成?
WHAT 做什什麼?
影響地圖範例例
功能假設影響假設
GOAL ⽬標 ACTOR 角⾊ IMPACT 影響 DELIVERABLE ⽅法
半年年內遊戲註冊
使⽤用者破百萬
廣告商
⾃自動邀請通訊錄朋友
遊戲成就分享功能
整合 FB 邀請功能
遊戲玩家
分享關於
遊戲的內容
邀請朋友加入
⽬目標(Goal)
目標:兩個月內掉單率減半
●SMART 原則
Specific(明確)、Measurable(可衡量)、Attainable(可達成
的)、Relevant(切題)、Timely(有時限)
●例:2019 Q1 的網站廣告收益上升 30%
●可能是使用者、可能是團隊成員,也可能是外部資源
●能夠幫助實現目標的人
⾓角⾊色(Actor)
●例:喜歡玩手遊的年輕男性、25-35 歲有網購習慣的上班族
參考人物誌,定義出你的角色
影響(Impact)
●對這個角色而言,你希望他做出什麼改變?
●你希望對這個角色造成什麼影響,進而達到你的目標?
每一組至少想出三個影響
●例:增加上線時數、點擊廣告意願提昇
⽅方法(Deliverable)
●可以做出來的、和目標相關的、有效的
●你想要做什麼,來對這個角色產生你希望的影響?
●例:建立玩家交流社群、設計互動式廣告
對於每個影響,每個人至少各自想出一個方法
黏貼決策
●請每人跟你的夥伴說明你想出的方法,以及這個方法為什
麼可以對角色產生想要的影響
每個人有三票,請投票選出你覺得最可行的方法
• 透過視覺化的⽅方式,建立商業⽬目標與產品功能的關係,以及背後關聯聯的假設。
• 在資訊共享的狀狀況下,讓跨部⾨門成員⼀一起討論,做出正確的產品。
叫⾞車車吧策略略影響地圖
參參考書籍
影響地圖:讓軟體產⽣真正的影響⼒
真正的問題是什麼︖
你想通了嗎︖
精實執⾏
Jenson Lee
email: realhere@gmail.com
fb: facebook.com/realhere
linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/realhere
掃描 QR code 下載叫⾞車車吧 APP

輸入序號:
agile4897i
⾸首次搭乘免費(最多折抵 $200)
臺北站
感謝
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