Lecture note for Diploma students

1. འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་འཛིན་གཙུག་ལག་སློབ་སྡེ།
རང་འབྱུང་འཐློན་བསྡེད་མཐློ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ།
སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རློང་ཁག།
ལློད་སྦུད་ས།
དློག་ཏྲར་་་འཇིགས་འབྡེལ་རློ་རྡེ།
རང་འབྱུང་འཐློན་བསྡེད་མཐློ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ། སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རློང་ཁག།
ལློད་སྦུད་ས།
Abscess, Hematoma & Maggot Wound &
Horn Avulsion
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2. Abscess
Circumscribed collections of purulent materials (Pus)
found in various locations of the body caused by one of
the four Pus producing bacteria such as Corynebacterium,
Pseudomonas, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus.
Abscess
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3. Parts of Abscess:
1. Wall
2.Pyogenic Membrane
3.Pus (Liquor puris)
Pyogenic wall prevents further spread of
infection and helps in;
 Phagocytosis
 Granulation tissue formation
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4. Contents of the Pus (Liquor puris):
1. Necrosed tissues
2. Dead bacteria
3. Leukocytes
4. Blood & Tissue proteins.
 Pus is alkaline in nature & yellow colored.
N:B= Pus serum will not clot since the fibrin of
exudates is digested by proteolytic enzymes of the
leukocytes.
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5. Classification of Abscess
1. Acute Abscess (Hot Abscess):
 Inflammatory symptoms are more active
2. Chronic Abscess (Cold abscess):
 Inflammatory symptoms are less active.
 Hard with inspissated
 Soft with liquid pus and thin abscess wall.
3. Superficial/Deep abscess:
 Depending on the location.
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6. Etiology of Abscess
A. Pyogenic organisms like Staphylococci
1. Streptococci
2. Escherichia coli
3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
B. Specific organisms like
1. Corynebacterium pyogenes
2. Actinomyces bovis
C. Chemicals like
1. HgCl2,
2. ZnCl2
D. Traumatic injury
E. Presence of foreign body
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7. Maturation of abscess
Fomentation – application of heat dry/moist
Iodine ointment application
- Iodex
- Povidone Iodine Oint
Diagnosis
 History – from the owner
 Examination – of patient
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8. Abscess must be differentiated from:
- Hematoma
- Skin tumor
- Hernia
- Edema
-Cyst
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9. Treatment
• Choose dependent area
• Site preparation
• Open it – blade be directed outward
• Drain out content
• Irrigate cavity with PP
• Pack cavity with Tr. Iodine gauze
• Remove gauze next day
• If swollen – use Mg +Glycerin, Acriflavin gauze
• daily dressing
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10. A ripe abscess at the base of left ear
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11. Cruciate incision made on abscess
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12. Pus drained out
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13. Cavity irrigated with antiseptic
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14. Hematoma
Collection of blood in the abnormal cavity and usually
caused by injury to the superficial vein
Causes
Damage of superficial vein due to:
 Scratching
 trauma during coitus
 crush injury
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15. Common site of Hematoma
Animal Site cause
cow Mammary vein Butting by calf
cow Vaginal mucous
membrane
Injury during
coitus
Breeding bull Penis Injury during
coitus
Dog, kid, rabbit,
piglet
Ear pinna Injury by
rubbing
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16. Diagnosis:
 History from owner
 Examination of the patient
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17. Confirmation By Drainage
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18. Aural Hematoma
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19. Surgical correction of ear Hematoma
 Restrain – Light sedation - Xylazine
 Plug ear canal – ball of dry cotton
 Site preparation – wash the pinna, shave, paint with Tr.
Iodine
 Incision – on inner wall of ear –
 Remove elliptical piece of skin
 Drainage – drain out the clot and serum
 Clean the cavity with PP solution
 Paint with Tr. Iodine – the cavity – induce inflammation
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20. Exposure of the Aural Cavity
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21. Suture Pattern of the Wound
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22.  Clean the wound
 Dose of long action antibiotic
 Dose of painkiller
 Remove the ear plug
 Prevent scratching
 Elizabethan collar
Post Operative Care
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23. Maggot Wound (Myiasis)
 Any wound infested with maggot
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24. Causes:
- Lucilia cuprina
- Calliphora erythrocephala
- Sarcophaga sp
- Musca domestica
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25. Diagnosis:
- History
- Examination
Treatment :
1. Plug wound with cotton –T-oil
2. Leave it for 5 – 10 min
3. Remove cotton – maggots
4. Repeat step 1 – 3 for 3 times
5. If deep wound leave
cotton -T –oil over night
6. Next day remove cotton / maggots
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26. 7.Clean wound with PP sol
8. Remove necrotic tissue
9. Apply Himax / Ectosep
10. Or Lorexane with fly repellent
11.Repeat steps 7 – 9/10 daily
Note: Farmer may be given this task
If far away from centre
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Avulsion
 an open wound in which there is actual loss of tissue.
E.g. horn avulsion, hoof avulsion.
Etiology
 Traumatic injury

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Anatomy

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Diagnosis
History – from the owner – accident/fight
Examination – of the patient
- loss of horn
- hemorrhage
Treatment
• Control of hemorrhage
• Cleaning & drying
• Place thin layer of cotton
• Apply Tr. Benzoin/Iodine
• Bandage it - Leave it for 3 – 4 days
• On 5th day remove bandage

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Treatment continued….
• If not infected apply antibiotic ointment for 1 – 2 weeks
• Apply coal tar from 3rd week onwards
•Horn may grow few months later or may not grow

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Yoke gall
 Gall is localized acute inflammation of skin and
subcutaneous tissue with accumulation of exudate.
e.g. Yoke gall in bull, saddle gall in horse

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Causes
• Constant irritation / friction of tissue

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Predisposing causes
 Young bulls
 Bullocks more prone to yoke gall
 Rough surface of yoke
 Unequal size of bulls
 Heavy load for long duration

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Heavy Load

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Clinical Signs
• Warm painful swelling on dorsal neck
• Swelling may be soft or hard (fibrous)
• Fibrous gall is called tumor
• Gall may become acute or chronic abscess

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Treatment
 Maturation indicated if abscess is formed
 Incise if not opened
 Drain out content – pus
 Irrigate cavity with PP lotion
 Daily antiseptic dressing
 Rest animal until fully recovered
 Antibiotic
 NSAIDs on alternate days

37. Thanks
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