3. DEFINITION OF TEACHING
In my mind teaching is not merely
a life work, a profession, an occupation, a
struggle , it is passion.
William Lyon
Teaching refers to activities that
are designed and performed to produce
change in student behavior
Clarke
9. LECTURING
Presentation of the content
by the teacher to the students usually
accompanied by some type of visual
aid or hand out.
10. GUIDELINES
GENERAL :
• Try to motivate your students for attending to
your lecture not only in the beginning but to
maintain it throughout.
• Try to make use of the skill of stimulus
variation by introducing the elements like
pausing , changing voice tone , using
gestures and physical movements, adopting
multimedia approach etc.
11. GUIDELINES……
• Don’t waste your time in irrelvant facts and
unrequired detailed explanation
• Don’t turn your lecturing into mere paper
reading or notes dictating task.
• Try to summarize the key points of the
presented material at the end of your lecture.
• Evaluation task at end of the lesson or in mid
course.
12. GUIDELINES……
MOVEMENTS:
• Take centre stage – do not get stuck
in a corner or behind a desk
• Face the audience – do not face the board or
screen when speaking
• Make eye contact with the students in all
sections of the audience.
• Use natural gestures and facial expression -
but try to avoid mannerism
13. GUIDELINES……
• Move around the room – approach people to
get their attention and response
• Avoid blocking the audience’s view - watch
for craning necks
14. GUIDELINES……
SPEECH:
• Slow and clear , and loud enough of
everyone to hear naturally and lively – varied
• Write difficult new words on the board ,
pronounce and explain them
15. GUIDELINES……
INTERACTION:
• Try to interact with all participants – use
name as appropriate
• Ask the question suggested in the text- ask
different participants
• Allow time for the participant to answer- don’t
give answer too quickly –drop hints
• Respond encouragingly and positively to all
answer – correct errors gently
16. GUIDELINES……
• Involve all students- include quiet ones –
control talkative ones
• Avoid discussion which are off point or
distracting – postpone them if necessary
• Try to give satisfactory answers to questions
from participants
17. GUIDELINES……
VISUAL AIDS:
• Have the required aids and equipment ready
– check and arrange them before the session
• Make sure that everyone can see clearly-
arrange the room so that they can point to
what you are taking about on the projector, or
on the screen cover
• Write large and clear on the board
18. GUIDELINES……
USE OF MATERIALS:
• Do not introduce too much extra material –
but give local examples.
• Emphasize important points – do not leave
important point out
• Try to avoid repetition unless really useful
• If you find it necessary to read from the guide
look at the audience sometimes
19. GUIDELINES……
• Consult useful reference books, current
journals.
• In support of your lecturing , you may need to
apply various tactics and techniques like
question and answer, demonstration, use of
black board , use of proper display material
and Av aids .
21. ADVANTAGES
• Lecture is a method familiar to most teachers
because it was typically the way they were
taught .
• Lecturing is a straightforward way to impart
knowledge to students quickly
• Instructors also have a greater control over
what is being taught in the class room
because they are the sole source of
information
22. ADVANTAGES ……
• A large number of students can be
accommodated at one time.
• It stimulates thinking to open discussion.
• Multiple resources persons, knowledgeable
and with different points of view can interact
with students.
• Allows information of facts ,information and
concepts in a relatively short span of time.
23. CHARACTERISTIC
Educator-student interaction No interaction
Two-way communication One-way communication
Educator-student questions Few questions
Variety of supporting media No supporting media
Shared responsibility for active No student activities
learning
Small group, problem-solving Student depends on educator for all
activities information
Limited note taking required (students Extensive note taking required
have copies of lecture notes)
24.
25. TIPS : To Reduce Presentation Anxiety
• Avoid eating a big meal before the lecture.
• Arrive early to make sure that everything is ready
before the first student arrives.
• Make sure all of the media equipment is working.
• Locate and check the lighting
• Decide where the lecture notes will be placed (e.g.,
on desk, table) when they are not being held.
26. MORE TIPS
• Have a glass of water available during the lecture.
• Go for a short walk just before the lecture.
• Look over your lecture notes one last time.
• Take a few deep breaths to relax before beginning
the lecture.
27. SUMMARY
• The first few minutes of a lecturer are important
plan them well.
• Verbal communication skills are critical.
• Nonverbal communication skills also are very
important. these include eye contact , positive facial
expression ,gestures and movement.
• Effective questioning and interaction.
• Evaluation(video recording or an observer can assist)
