Cholera.pdf

1. Cholera
• Cholera is an
infectious disease that causes severe
watery
diarrhea ,
which leads to
dehydration .
•
Caused
by Vibrio cholerae
11
-
Curved
gram
-
ve bacilli
-
Motile
-
Single polar flagella
Classification :
Pathogenesis :
•
V. cholerae is transmitted
by ingestion of contaminated
water or
food .
•
Infective dose 108 bacilli (extremely acid -
labile )

2. Cholera Toxins :
• The toxin molecule consists of two peptide fragments
- A & B
A causes ADP
ribosylation of G- protein >
upregulates
the
activity of Adenylate cyclase → A CAMP .
B Binds to GMI
ganglia side receptors .
•
Increase in CAMP leads to :
(a) Inhibition of absorptive sodium transport system
in villus cells & activates
secretory chloride
which leads to Nacl in lumen .
(b) Inla ten moves
passively into bowel lumen .
(c) loss
of fluid &
electrolytes leads to shock &
acidosis .

3. •
Massive Diarrhea Non -
inflammatory diarrhea
Rice water stools
Resembles Arsenic metal
poisoning
Clinical Manifestations :
( Incubation period = 24-48
hrs)
• V. cholerae 01 00 0139
infections produce a
range of
clinical
manifestations such as :
(a)
Asymptomatic infection ( 75% cases )
(b) Mild diarrhea or cholera ( 20% cases )
(c) Sudden onset
of explosive &
life -
threatening diarrhea
( cholera
gravis ,
in 5% cases)
• Common manifestations :
(a)
lnlatery diarrhea
(b) Rice
watery stools .
(c)
Vomiting
(d) Abdominal Pain

4. MedNotes [ www.mednotes.in ]
Full MedNotes : mednotesebooks.company.site
App Available on PlayStore
laboratory Diagnosis :
( is
Transport media - YR ( Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
)
Media
-
Cary - Blair Medium
ciii Enrichment Media -
Alkaline
Peptone water .
ciii, selective media -
T CBs ( Green to Yellow )
Treatment :
ii. Fluid
replacement
cii, Antibiotics (minor role)
Is
Doc = Macrolides ( Azithromycin or
Erythromycin )
C