2. INDEX
Location of Doors and Windows
Definition of Technical Terms
Sizes of Doors and Windows
Types of Doors
Types of Windows
3. LOCATIONS OF DOORS AND
WINDOWS
There should be minimum number of doors in a
room so as avoid obstruction.
The door should be so located such that when
opened, it shall not obstruct the required width of
passage way.
Doors should not be located at the centre of a
long wall but should be located near the corner of
wall nearly 20cm away from the corner.
In case if there are two doors in a room, these
should be located in opposite walls so that good
ventilation & free circulation of air can take
place.
The location of door should meet the functional
requirements of the room.
4. LOCATIONS OF DOORS AND
WINDOWS
In general size of the door should be such that if
two persons walking shoulder to shoulder should
conveniently pass through the doors.
Windows should be located opposite to each other
or opposite to door wherever possible to achieve
cross ventilation.
For fresh air & maximum light, window should
be located in the prevailing directions of wind or
on northern side.
The height of sill of windows from floor level
should be 0.75m.
Cont…..
5. LOCATIONS OF DOORS AND
WINDOWS
The minimum area of windows should be 1/10th
of
the floor area of the room for hot-dry climate &
1/6th
of the floor area for hot-wet climate.
The number & sizes of windows depends on the
type of building, privacy, required, ventilation &
light requirements.
The location of windows depends, on the internal
arrangements of the rooms.
6. TECHNICAL TERMS
FRAME:- It is an assembly of horizontal &
vertical members, forming an enclosure, to which
shutters are fixed.
SHUTTERS:- These are the openable parts of a
door or window.
HEAD:- This is the top or uppermost horizontal
part of frame.
SILL:- This is the bottom or lowermost
horizontal part of window frame.
HORN:-The horizontal projection of head or sill
beyond the face of the frame. It is usually 10 to
15 cm.
7. TECHNICAL TERMS
STYLE:- It is the vertical outside member of the
shutter of a door or window.
TOP RAIL:- This is the top most horizontal
member of the shutter.
LOCK RAIL:- It is the middle horizontal
member of the shutter where locking
arrangement is provided.
BOTTOM RAIL:- This is the lower most
horizontal member of the shutter.
HOLD FASTS:- It is a mild steel flats, generally
bent into Z-shape, to fix the frame to the opening.
The horizontal length of hold fast is kept about
20 cm and is embedded in the masonry.
8. TECHNICAL TERMS
TRANSOM:- This is the horizontal member
which is employed to sub-divide window
horizontally.
MULLION:- This is the vertical member which
is employed to sub-divide window vertically.
11. SIZES OF DOORS &
WINDOWS
DOORS
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING:-
EXTERNAL DOOR :- 1.0M X 2.0M TO 1.1M X
2.1M
INTERNAL DOOR :- 0.9M X 2.0M TO 1.0M X
2.0M
DOORS FOR BATHROOMS AND WATER
CLOSETS
:- 0.7M X 2.0M TO 0.8M X
2.0M
GARAGES FOR CARS:- 2.25M X 2.25M TO
2.25 TO 2.40 M
12. SIZES OF DOORS &
WINDOWS
DS:- DOORS HAVING SINGLE SHUTTER
DT:- DOORS HAVING DOUBLE SHUTTER
SR.
NO
DESIGNATI
ON
SIZE OF
OPENINGS (MM)
1. 8 DS 20 800 X 2000
2. 8 DS 21 800 X 2100
3. 9 DS 20 900 X 2000
4. 10 DT 20 1000 X 2000
5. 11 DT 21 1100 X 2100
6. 12 DT 20 1200 X 2000
13. SIZES OF DOORS &
WINDOWS
WINDOWS
WS:- WINDOW HAVING SINGLE SHUTTER
WT:- WINDOW HAVING DOUBLE
SHUTTER
SR. NO DESIGNATION SIZE OF
OPENINGS
(MM)
1. 6 WS 12 600 X 1200
2. 10 WT 12 1000 X 1200
3. 12 WT 12 1200 X 1200
4. 6 WS 13 600 X 1300
5. 10 WT 13 1000 X 1300
14. BATTENED & LEDGED
DOOR
These doors consist of vertical boards called
battens which are nailed or screwed to the
horizontal members called ledges.
Generally the battens are about 100 to 150 mm
wide and 20 to 30 mm thick.
Doors made with narrow battens like these have
a better appearance.
It is better to use boards which are up to 30 cm
wide. These wider boards are less likely to twist
and warp at the ends. The boards should be well
seasoned so that they won't crack at the ends.
15. BATTENED & LEDGED
DOOR
The ledges should be as long as possible to
prevent cupping of the battens and to provide a
solid attachment.
The ledges are usually 100 to 200 mm thick and
25 to 30 mm thick. When this construction is
used for an external door, the tops of the ledges
should be beveled.
The ledged and battened door is the simplest
type of door. It is often used for narrow openings.
It is relatively cheap to construct, but
unfortunately it tends to sag because of its
weight.
17. BATTENED, LEDGED &
BRACED DOOR
This is a ledged and battened door to which
braces have been added to prevent sagging .
These braces must slope upwards from the hinge
edge of the door and they are housed with a skew
notch into the ledges.
The skew notch helps to distribute the force from
the weight of the door so that the ledges have an
even pressure on them.
This type of door construction may be used for
large openings because of its greater strength.
19. FRAMED AND PANELLED
DOOR
The styles are continuous from top to bottom i.e.
they are in single piece.
Various rails are jointed to the styles at the
bottom.
The entire frame is grooved on all the inside
faces to receive the panels.
The minimum width of style is kept as 100 mm.
the minimum width of bottom rail and lock rail is
kept as 100 mm.
23. FLUSH DOOR
The flush door consists of a frame which has
stiles(a), top and bottom rails (b & c) and top
narrow intermediate rails (d). It is covered on
each side by a sheet of plywood (e).
When two additional members are placed
between the rails (g) a pane of glass can be set in
them to provide additional light for the room.
Sometimes flush doors for the outside of the
building are covered on one or both sides by
sheets of thin metal usually aluminum or
galvanized iron.
24. FLUSH DOOR
Well seasoned wood is used for the frame.
Plywood-covered flush doors cannot be used
where they will be exposed to rain and sun.
There are two types of flush doors
Solid Core Flush Door or Laminated Core Flush
Door.
Hollow and Cellular Core Flush Door
27. LOUVERED DOOR
Louvered Doors permit free ventilation through
them and at the same time maintain the privacy
of the room.
However, these doors dust which is very difficult
to be cleaned.
These doors are generally used for bath rooms of
residential and public buildings.
The door may either be louvered to its full height
or it may be partly louvered and partly panelled
as shown in fig.
The louvers are arranged at such an inclination
that vision is obstructed while they permit free
passage of air.
30. REVOLVING DOOR
Such doors are provided only in public buildings
such as libraries, museums, banks etc. where
there are constant visitors.
Such door provide entrance to the one and exit to
the other person simultaneously, and close
automatically when not in use.
This door also suitable for air-conditioned
buildings or for building situated at a place
where strong breeze blow throughout the year.
The door consists of centrally placed mullion to
which four radiating shutters are attached, as
shown in fig.
40. PIVOTED WINDOW
In this windows, the shutter are allowed to swing
round pivots fixed to the window frame.
The shutter can swing or rotate either
horizontally or vertically.
43. DOUBLE HUNG WINDOW
This type of window consists of frame and pair of
shutters, arranged one above the other.
The shutter can slide vertically within the
grooves provided in window frame.
By provision of sliding, the window can be
cleaned effectively and at the same time
ventilation can be controlled effectively since the
window can opened at top and bottom at desired
extent.
46. CASEMENT WINDOW
These are the main and common types of window
usually provided in buildings.
The shutters of the window open like shutters of
the door.
The shutter consists of styles, top rails, bottom
rails and intermediate rails, thus dividing into
panels.
49. BAY WINDOW
Bay windows projects outside the external wall of
the room.
The projection may be triangular, circular,
rectangular or polygonal in plan.
They are provide extra space in the room and
improve overall appearance of the building.
51. DORMER WINDOW
A dormer window is a vertical window provided
on the slopping roof as shown in image.
Such a window provides ventilation and lighting
to the enclosed space below the roof .
This window very much improve the appearance
of the building.
54. SKY LIGHTS
A sky light is provided on a sloping roof to admit
light.
The window projects above the top slopping
surface.
They run parallel to the sloping surface.
56. VENTILATORS
Ventilators are small windows, fixed at a greater
height than the window, generally about 30 to 50
cm below roof level.
The ventilator has a frame and a shutter,
generally glazed, which is horizontally pivoted.
The top edges of the shutter opens inside and
bottom edge open outside, so that rain water is
excluded.
