PowerPoint presentation regarding the report on Swine Flu in the Philippines

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COUNTRY REPORT
PHILIPPINES
Regional Workshop on Swine Disease Diagnosis
Beijing, P. R. China, 30 – 31 Oct 2019

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CAR
I II
III IV-A
IV-B
V
VI
VIII
VII
IX
X
XI
XII
XIII
ARMM
LUZON
VISAYAS
MINDANAO
17 Administrative
Regions
The PHILIPPINES
3 Island Groups
Luzon (north)
Visayas (central)
Mindanao (south)
No. of Provinces 81
No. of Cities 145
No of Municipalities 1,489
No. of Barangays 42,036
As of 31 December 2018

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• Swine production in the Philippines is a P263-billion industry and is
the largest among the livestock and poultry industries of the country.
• It ranks next to rice with 18.28% contribution to the total value of
agricultural production.
• Swine production plays a major role in ensuring the country’s food
security by providing about 60% of the total animal meat
consumption of Filipinos.
• The Philippine swine industry is ranked eighth in the world in terms
of the volume of pork production and number of breeding sows.
• Majority or about 65% of the pigs in the Philippines are kept by small
hold pig raisers.
Basic information
(DOST-PCCARD)

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PIG POPULATION
Basic information
Item 2016 2017 2018
Backyard 7,959,930 8,120,087 8,092,940
Commercial 4,518,781 4,307,703 4,511,501
TOTAL 12,478,711 12,427,790 12,604,441
(Philippine Statistics Authority)

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Basic information
National Laboratory System/Network
BAI-ADDRL provides Laboratory Support
▪ Disease Outbreak Investigation
▪ Disease Monitoring and
Surveillance
▪ Quarantine
▪ Swine Breeder Accreditation
▪ Researches on Swine
Diseases- Local/Int’l

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Organizational Structure

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National Laboratory System/Network
▪ Technical assistance to 15 Regional Animal
Disease Diagnostic Laboratories (RADDLs)
▪ Philippine Animal Health Information System
(Philahis)
▪ SEACFMD Laboratory Network
▪ Participation in the CSIRO-AAHL
Proficiency Testing for PRRS,
CSF, ASF & SIV

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Updates on disease situation
2016 2017 2018
Samples
Tested
Samples
Tested
positive
Samples
Tested
Samples
Tested
positive
Samples
Tested
Samples
Tested
positive
1883 958 3011 1347 2946 1328
50.88% 44.74% 45.07%
(Animal Disease Diagnosis and Reference Laboratory)
Serological Test for PRRS (Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome)

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Updates on disease situation
2017 2018
Sample Tested
Sample Tested
positive
Sample Tested
Sample Tested
positive
253 65 403 83
25.70% 20.6%
(Animal Disease Diagnosis and Reference Laboratory)
Molecular Test for PRRS (Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome)

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Updates on disease situation
2016 2017 2018
Sample
Tested
Sample
Tested
positive
Sample
Tested
Sample
Tested
positive
Sample
Tested
Sample
Tested
positive
634 150 699 184 467 154
23.66% 26.32% 32.97%
(Animal Disease Diagnosis and Reference Laboratory)
Serological Test for CSF (Classical Swine Fever)

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Updates on disease situation
2017 2018
Sample
Tested
Sample Tested
positive
Sample Tested
Sample Tested
positive
3 0 94 0
0% 0%
(Animal Disease Diagnosis and Reference Laboratory)
Molecular Test for CSF (Classical Swine Fever)

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Updates on disease situation
2017 2018
Sample
Tested
Sample Tested
positive
Sample Tested
Sample Tested
positive
24 3 17 0
12.5% 0%
(Animal Disease Diagnosis and Reference Laboratory)
Molecular Test for PED (Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea)

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Foot & Mouth Disease
(FMD)
To date…
The Philippines is
FMD-free !

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Foot & Mouth Disease
(FMD)
• The Philippines has
maintained its
Foot & Mouth
Disease free status
since 2011.
• To date, the country
has no incidence of
FMD since the last
reported outbreak in
2005.

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Updates on disease situation
2018
2019
January- October
Sample
Tested
Sample
Tested
positive
Sample
Tested
Sample Tested
positive
SWINE 2537 0 2159 0
Other spp
(Bovine,
Caprine and
Ovine)
4461 0 3423 0
TOTAL 6998 0 5582 0
(Animal Disease Diagnosis and Reference Laboratory, 2019)
Serological Test for FMD (Foot and Mouth Disease)

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Updates on disease situation
Confiscated Meat
(January – June 2019)
Samples Tested Samples Tested positive
400 34
8.5%
(Animal Disease Diagnosis and Reference Laboratory)
Molecular Test for African Swine Fever
Surveillance *
* Before the outbreak

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Confiscated samples from Inbound Travelers
0
50
100
150
200
250
Ene Peb Mar Abr Mayo
Negative Positive

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Updates on disease situation
African Swine Fever
▪ On September 9, 2019 the Department of Agriculture notified
OIE of the first occurrence of ASF in the country
▪ Initial case reported to the Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI) on
August 13, 2019 but deaths in pigs in a backyard farm in
Rodriguez, Rizal were already observed on July 25, 2019
▪ Clinical signs observed: petecchial hemorrhages on the skin,
high fever, inappetence , unable to walk, then death
▪ Tissue samples and serum samples from affected pigs were
submitted and tested positive for ASF viral DNA using ASF
Taqman PCR assay (source: AAHL protocol based on King,et al,2003)

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Updates on disease situation
African Swine Fever
▪ Second case reported to the Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI)
on August 20, 2019 but deaths in pigs in a backyard farm in
another municipality in Antipolo, Rizal were already observed
on August 7, 2019
▪ Clinical signs observed: Fever, inappetence , incoordination,
conjunctivitis, premature birth with mummified fetuses
▪ Tissue samples from affected pig was submitted and tested
positive for ASF viral DNA using ASF Taqman PCR assay
▪ Blood samples from apparently healthy pigs from a stockyard
ready for slaughter in a province in Luzon were submitted and
also tested positive for ASF viral DNA using ASF Taqman
PCR assay
▪ Twenty samples were submitted to the Pirbright Laboratory for
confirmatory testing

21. Waterways
Restaurants

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Updates on disease situation
(August-October 18, 2019)
Samples Tested Samples Tested positive
6,616 319
4.82%
(Animal Disease Diagnosis and Reference Laboratory)
Molecular Test for African Swine Fever

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Swine diseases diagnosis
Diagnostic capacity of ADDRL
• Serology
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
Antibody detection test
Antigen detection test
• Molecular Test
Realtime PCR
Conventional PCR

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Swine diseases diagnosis
Tests for Major Swine Diseases
• Realtime PCR Assay
ASF , PRRS, PRV, CSF, SIV, PED, TGE, FMD
PCV2 and RESTV
• ELISA– Antigen detection
CSF
• ELISA– Antibody detection
PRRS, PRV, CSF, SIV, PED, TGE, FMD and
RESTV

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Swine diseases diagnosis
Results and Analysis for ASF
( The Pirbright Institute)
• 14/20 samples submitted to the Pirbright
Lab were confirmed to be positive for ASF
by ASF PCR and UPL PCR
• 6/20 samples which tested positive for PCR
were also positive in the virus isolation

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Swine disease diagnosis
Results and Analysis for ASF
(The Pirbright Insitute)
• Phylogenetic analysis was performed on
seven isolates and these were found to have
identical p72 gene sequence
• The phylogenetic tree is unrooted hence its
ancestral lineage cannot be assumed
• Same samples shared 100% identical p72
sequence with China 2018, Zambia 1991,
Madagascar 2003 and Poland 2014 strains
• These sequences were classified as Genotype
2

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Swine disease diagnosis
Results and Analysis for ASF
(The Pirbright Insitute)
• Phylogenetic analysis was performed six
isolates and these were found to have
identical p54 gene sequence
• The phylogenetic tree is unrooted hence its
ancestral lineage cant be assumed
• Same six samples shared 100% identical p54
sequence with China 2018, Belgium 2018, and
Georgia 2007
• These sequences were classified as Genotype
2

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Swine disease diagnosis
Results and Analysis for ASF
(The Pirbright Insitute)
• Sequences of the four isolates were 100%
identical across the intergenic region I73R and
I329L genes
• These had the insertion of 10 additional
nucleotides (nt) in comparison to ASFV
Georgia 2007/1
• Same 10 nt insertion were observed in other
Genotype II strains such as: China 2018,
Belgium 2018, Estonia 2014, Russia 2015 and
Ukraine 2016

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What worked well
• Previous trainings by FAO, OIE , IAEA on the use of
Taqman PCRs for swine disease diagnosis including
ASF in the past had helped in capacitating the lab
and preparing for ASF diagnosis
• Participation in the annual Proficiency Testing by
AAHL/FAO since 2012 contributed a lot in gaining
good efficiency and confidence in performing
Taqman PCR assays
• Laboratory networking helped the lab in having
access to the different standard protocols that we
can use should our protocol does not work

33. The winning side of
the outbreak
Diminished damage
Amazing cooperation
Rapid response
National awareness
Abandonment of bad husbandry

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Challenges and possible solution
Challenges Solution
Influx of samples for ASF / differential
diseases diagnosis at the National
Laboratory (ADDRL)
Capacitate the Regional Laboratories thru
on site training and providing technical
and financial assistance
Lack of capability to do virus isolation or
other test methods such as FAT, etc
Collaborate with regional/reference
labs for conduct of training
Lack of manpower and resources Elevate problem to authorities
Prevent further spread to other provinces Early detection and rapid response

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Where are you today?

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!