1. Session 1 : Revisiting
GAD Concepts and
Theories
2. Legal Bases on GAD
Sex and Gender
Gender Equality
and Equity
Gender Issues
Gender and
Development
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3. Review concept of sex, gender, gender
characteristics, gender roles, and other
key concepts related to gender and
development (GAD) mainstreaming.
SESSION OBJECTIVE
5. Strategic actions to realize women’s
advancement in 12 areas:
- poverty - education and
training
- health - violence against
women
- armed conflict - institutional
mechanisms
- human rights - power and decision
making
- media - economy
- environment - girl child
6. • Translation of CEDAW in national legislation
• Revision of discriminatory provisions in national
laws
• Strengthening of the national machinery on women
• Elimination of violence against women
• Elimination of gender stereotyping
• Implementation of the Anti-trafficking in Persons
Act and elimination of exploitation in prostitution
• Elimination of exploitation in prostitution
7. • Promotion and protection of women migrants’
rights
• Participation of women in public and political
life
• Lessening the adverse impact of trade
liberalization to women
• Promotion and protection of women’s reproductive
health and rights
• Empowerment of rural, indigenous and Muslim
women
• Acquisition of legal divorce
• Engendering the MDGs/SDG
• Linking CEDAW, BPFA and MDG/SDG
8. SDG 5 : Gender Equality
- Achieve gender
equality and
empower all women
and girls
SDG 10 : Reduced Inequalities
- Reduce inequality
within and
among countries
9. The State recognizes the
role of women in nation
building and shall
promote the fundamental
equality before the law
of women and men
(Art. II, Sec. 14)
13. Gender role definition
Gender roles are
learned behaviors in
a given
society/community, or
other special group,
that condition which
activities and
responsibilities are
perceived as male and
female.
16. These are
gender-linked beliefs
(ideas, attitudes and
behavior),
systems, processes,
conditions and
situations
that BLOCK an
individual's (man or
woman) attainment of
full potentials (or a
satisfying life)
17. What are the
gender issues?
1. Gender-linked “labeling”
(Stereotyping)
2. Multiple Burden
3. Economic Marginalization
4. Political Subordination
5. Abuse and gender-based
Violence
24. The roots (mga ugat) of these gender
issues:
society
schools
church
media
family
25. • … has the most
influence because
the formative
years of every
individual is
almost always
spent with and
developed by the
family.
27
Social Institutions: FAMILY
26. • … the formal
school system
promotes and
encourages the
different
gender roles
between men
and women. 28
Social Institutions:
EDUCATION/SCHOOL
27. • … Media portray
images of women
which are often
negative
Social Institutions: MASS MEDIA
35. Use of Gender Equality and Women
Empowerment Framework in analysing
gender issues
• Achieving equality between
women and men may involve the
introduction of specific
measures designed to eliminate
prevailing gender inequalities
and inequities.
• Gender equality means
promoting the equal
participation of women as
agents of economic,
social, and political
change.
36. These gender issues and
biases that violate rights
and block the development
of women are addressed by
Gender and Development
(GAD).
37. a globally - recognized
development perspective;
acknowledges that
development affects people
differently
women’s roles are important and
should be maximized
women and men should be assisted
in attaining their full
potentials
advocates that planning deliberately
address the unique needs and
situations of women
40. Gender Equality
… both women and men are free
to develop their personal abilities
and make choices without the
limitations set by stereotypes,
rigid gender roles and prejudices
Gender Equity
… giving to those who have less
on the basis of needs,
and taking steps to compensate
for historical and social
disadvantages
that prevent women and men
from otherwise operating on a
level playing field
41. For these universal human aspirations
to be achieved, the core of GAD is…
meeting both the PRACTICAL and STRATEGIC
GENDER NEEDS of men and women.
42. PRACTICAL GENDER
NEEDS
STRATEGIC GENDER
NEEDS
Food, housing, water,
health services,
education
Legal rights, wages,
access and control of
resources, control over
women’s bodies
Beneficiaries Agents of change
Improvement of
conditions
Improvement of position
and status
Enable performance of
existing gender roles
Challenge gender roles,
women empowerment,
transform relations
43. Peoples’ capacity TO DO,TO BE and TO BE FOR
may be enhanced through a variety of
government efforts, such as:
• building of roads and other
infrastructures,
• providing social services,
• creating economic opportunities, etc.
BUT THESE ARE NOT ENOUGH . . .
44. Infrastructures, social services, and
economic opportunities that don’t take into
consideration the different needs of
women and men and their rights, are
bound to --
disadvantage women,
fail in attaining their desired results,
and cause wastage of resources.
45. KEY PRINCIPLES
Development planning and practice should:
deliberately ADDRESS OBSTACLES to
women’s effective participation and
enjoyment f benefits
EXPAND women’s range of CHOICES
and OPPORTUNITIES
STRENGTHEN their capabilities to attain a
full and satisfying life
BRIDGE the gender gap
PROMOTE gender equality
46. For governments, the responsibility to
promote the attainment of a full and
satisfying life for all means --
protecting people’s rights
creating opportunities for the
development of peoples’
abilities and individual
strengths
47. We are mandated by international
treaties/commitments, laws and policies
We are custodians of peoples’ trust and
resources. We have the power,
knowledge, skills and resources to make
development work for everybody
WHY US ?
48. 2
GAD is about being faithful to the principle that
Fairness and equity demands that everyone in society, whether
male of female, has the right to the same opportunities to achieve a
full and satisfying life.
Commit to the use of gender as a perspective and analytic lens in professional practice.
To start with, let’s look at the enabling mechanism on GAD.
These legal bases were even before the formulation of RA 9710 or the Magna Carta of Women,
An unprecedented 17,000 participants and 30,000 activists streamed into Beijing for the opening of the Fourth World Conference on Women in September 1995. They were remarkably diverse, coming from around the globe, but they had a single purpose in mind: gender equality and the empowerment of all women, everywhere.
the most progressive blueprint ever for advancing women’s rights.
as a defining framework for change, the Platform for Action made comprehensive commitments under 12 critical areas of concern. Even 20 years later, it remains a powerful source of guidance and inspiration.
The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), adopted in 1979 by the UN General Assembly, is often described as an international bill of rights for women. Consisting of a preamble and 30 articles, it defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end such discrimination.
Discrimination - the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex.
What are the Sustainable Development Goals?
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), otherwise known as the Global Goals, are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity.
These 17 Goals build on the successes of the Millennium Development Goals, while including new areas such as climate change, economic inequality, innovation, sustainable consumption, peace and justice, among other priorities. The goals are interconnected – often the key to success on one will involve tackling issues more commonly associated with another.
5: Ending all discrimination against women and girls is not only a basic human right, it’s crucial for sustainable future; it’s proven that empowering women and girls helps economic growth and development.
UNDP has made gender equality central to its work and we’ve seen remarkable progress in the past 20 years. There are more girls in school now compared to 15 years ago, and most regions have reached gender parity in primary education.
10: These widening disparities require sound policies to empower lower income earners, and promote economic inclusion of all regardless of sex, race or ethnicity.
Under the 1987 Philippine Constitution
“Sex” refers to the biological differences between women and men. Generally permanent and universal.
Given by birth (kung ano ka nung ipinanganak ka, yun na yung sex mo)
Kung baga, ang lalake lang ang may junjun at babae lang ang may bulaklak.
There are always two sex roles in any cultural context, one male and the other female.
*only women can give birth and breastfeed children
*only men can produce sperm
PERMANENT
“Gender” identifies the social relations between women and men. It refers to the relationship between women and men, girls and boys, and how this is socially constructed.
Dito na pumapasok yung LGBTQ lesbian gay bisexual transgender and queer ( and the long list goes on. Actually may dictionary na sila for this but these are the common ones
Gender roles are dynamic and change over time.
Gender identity – one’s personal sense of gender
Sexual Orientation – heterosexuality (opposite sex), homosexuality (same sex) and bisexuality (both male and female)
PERMANENT (Sex Role)
Male – Productive Role
Female – Reproductive Role
But they share role in the community (Gender Role)
Ibig sabihin, (CHANGEABLE)
*Hindi lang lalake yung makakagawa ng mga gawaing panglalaki, kaya din ng babae.
*Hindi lang babae yung pwedeng gumawa ng mga chores at magalaga sa mga bata, kundi pati din mga lalake. (Men can take good care of children)
Kadalasan nagkakaroon ng confusion between Sex and Gender, but they are different.
SEX GENDER
CANNOT BE CHANGED CHANGEABLE
- only women can give birth - women can do traditionally
- only men can produce male jobs
sperm - men can take good care
of children
So kung baga yung mga nilalagay natin sa attendance sheets natin, preferably and ideally, sex ang nakalagay and not gender.
SEX refers to natural biological attributes of women and men; unchanging and universal
GENDER refers to characteristics, roles, beliefs, perceptions, attitudes and other factors attributed to women and men by society
Para mas maintindihan natin, let’s watch this video:
Able to be …. knowledgeable, skilled, confident with abilities, comfortable with achievements, independence and power, productive at work, to have control of and benefiting from the income
Able to be with …. the family and loved ones to enjoy the fruits of one’s efforts
Able to be for …. one’s choices, in freedom and accountability
I will be telling statements and you will answer if it falls under the Gender or the Sex aspect
Gender roles result in gender biases
By the way, gender biases and somewhat the same with discrimination. Parehas silang brought by the hatred towards people based on their gender rather than their individual merits. They only differ on the delivery kasi yung gender bias is more of the thought while discrimination is something that was put into action.
Gender Bias is commonly consider to be discrimination and/or hatred towards people based on their gender rather than their individual merits.
It is the tendency or attitude, to ascribe particular traits, characteristics and roles distinctly to men and particular traits, characteristics, roles distinctly to women.. The assumption behind stereotyping is that the ascribed attributes of men apply to all men and that of women apply to all women in a given society.
The confusion between sex and gender gives rise to such stereotypes as:
Men: - kapag lalaki ka, dapat matapang ka, boys don’t cry, mas fit to be leaders, breadwinners / head of families,
Women – dapat mahinhin, loving, submissive, proper. More fit to take secondary roles (assistant, secretary)
Gender Stereotypes are the preconceived ideas whereby females and males are arbitrarily assigned characteristics and roles determined and limited by their gender.
A term used to describe the situation of women who perform paid work outside the domestic sphere as well as homemaking and child-care work inside the home.
DSWD Identified Gender Issue:
Male spouses with wives working outside localities failed to perform parental responsibilities due to lack of knowledge on parenting.
Process of pushing a particular group or groups of people to the edge of society by not allowing them an active voice, identity, or place in it.
DSWD Identified Gender Issue: Lack of facility for women and children while accessing the services at the Crisis Intervention Unit [CIU].
Act of giving someone or something less importance or power.
DSWD Identified Gender Issue:
Limited capability building for front-line service providers i.e. house parents, security guards and center-based staff
Patriarchal society gives absolute priority to men and to some extent limits women’s human rights also.
Positions of power and leadership in the home, community, workplace and in society at large are generally occupied by men. Women holding elective position from the national down to the local levels are in the minority.
refers to any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual, or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion, or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life.
VAW Desk – a facility that would address VAW cases in a gender-responsive manner, managed by a person designated by the punong barangay.
All barangays shall establish a vawdesk, and DILG and other govt employee shall be the ones responsible for the monitoring of the establishment and evaluate the functionality of the vawdesk
Before we proceed to various common gender issues, let’s watch this video first.
Okay, what have you noticed?
Mas maraming ginagawa ang babae. Gising ng maaga, luto, etc. Si babae, multitasking.
Yung girl, sya lang yung tumutulong sa nanay nya sa chores unlike the boy.
Si babae sinisigawan ng boss nyang lalake dahil mabagal. Common naman na magalit ang boss kapag nakikitang unproductive ang empleyado.
Mas maliit ang sahod ng babae kaysa sa lalaki.
Si lalaki may time pa for leisure and paguwi, nuod lang ng tv.
This is actually a good representation of what the society is expecting for both women and men. This is the perception attributed to women and men by the society.
And, what we are trying to achieve here is yung dream ng babae na tulungan sila ng asawa nya sa mga chores, salitan sila sa pagaalaga ng mga anak, same dun sa boy and girl,etc.
This is our step to make that Impossible Dream, possible.
Child-rearing
* Color-coding (blue for boys and pink for girls)
* Gendering processes:
- manipulation (handling infants)
- verbal appellation (telling them what they are) “brave boy” or “pretty girl,” or what is expected of them: “boys don’t cry,” “girls don’t hit their playmates.”
Boys should be strong/brave. Girls should be graceful.
Sex disaggregation system promotes role differentiation in high school, boys are taught carpentry and horticulture while girls take up cooking and childcare.
Courses that are appropriate to perceived roles and characteristics.
Textbooks depicts stereotype roles
Boys build houses, girls keep houses
Ads use stereotype images to attract consumers.
Women are depicted as docile homemakers, are shown as sexy come-ons to promote liquor, cigarettes, cars, and other male-specific products.
This does not objectify women but pinapakita dito na ang mga babae talaga ang madalas gumawa ng mga household chores
…..further reinforces that “women’s place is in the home,” submission of women to men;
….Gender differentiation and inequality between man and woman is preached and conveyed in religious doctrines and symbols that implies the subordinated position of women particularly in marriage.
Instrumental in passing laws that are discriminatory to women.
Ex: the Revised Penal Code and the New Family Code has several provisions that tilt more in favor of men as in
- property relations
- decisions
Gender gaps in education, health, employment and political participation.
Gender disparities remain, especially in girls’ secondary education enrollment and completion, maternal and infant mortality, undernutrition, women’s access to reproductive health services, wage parity, women’s participation in decision making – even in some of the best-performing economies. This requires immediate and serious attention and improvement
Many women in the region, particularly in rural areas, still lack access to clean water and sanitation, electricity, transportation and other basic infrastructure. Further, food and fuel price hikes and economic and environmental crises have impacted women more acutely given pre-exisiting gender inequalities and women’s vulnerabilities. These crises can potentially reverse gender equality gains achieved so far.
Participation in development is crucial to the empowerment of women and men;
This framework serves as a road map for policy or program/project implementation. It sets out strategic directions and the guiding framework for moving the gender equity agenda forward and for better alignment of gender operations
GAD is a development perspective that recognizes that there are BLOCKS (gender issues and biases) that prevent people from attaining their full potentials (as human beings with worth and dignity) in attaining a full and satisfying life…
GAD works to remove gender issues and biases (since these are deterrents to development) in individuals, families and institutions…
…as well as in the Programs, Projects and Activities (PPAs).
It reflects a change in focus from women and their exclusion from development initiatives to the RELATIONS OF INEQUALITY BETWEEN WOMEN AND MEN
AND DELIBERATELY ADDRESSES THEM…
In the processes of developing, budgeting, implementing, monitoring and evaluating programs, projects and services, particularly in
government agencies.
Able to be …. knowledgeable, skilled, confident with abilities, comfortable with achievements, independence and power, productive at work, to have control of and benefiting from the income
Able to be with …. the family and loved ones to enjoy the fruits of one’s efforts
Able to be for …. one’s choices, in freedom and accountability
Illustration What is equity? In the simplest terms, it means fairness, which is not necessarily the same thing as equality.
It’s not about everybody getting the same thing,” Parker said. “It’s about everybody getting what they need in order to improve the quality of their situation.”
So bakit ko pinakita tong equality and equity? Kaya tayo nagreview of GAD Plan and Budget of LGUs, para maensure na hindi lang equality yung maattain natin but also equity.
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As government employees, we need to recognize that because of their different roles, women and men have different needs to develop their potentials:
Practical Gender Needs : those that do not challenge the unequal structure of gender relations, division of labor, or traditional balance of power, but relate to the sphere in which women have primary responsibilities. Some examples are need for income to send children to school, weeding tools for agricultural work and portable water.
Strategic Gender Interest: those that arise from an understanding (consciousness) and analysis of women’s subordinate situation in society. Examples include political and legislative reform to grant constitutional equality to women, state accession to the CEDAW, a political voice, and action on violence against women.
Policy reform and capacity development
Gender issues affect all of us. But instead of solving them, we all contribute to their perpetuation.
Everyone who believes in the vision of
attaining a full and satisfying life for all
has an obligation to help pursue GAD
GAD IS NOT ANTI – MALE
BOTH WOMEN AND MEN ARE
VICTIMS OF STEREOTYPING
