International Journal of Mechanics and Design vol 2 issue 1

International Journal of
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School of Chemical Engineering & Technology,
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Department of Mechanical Engineering,
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Dr. R S Jadoun
G. B. Pant University of Agriculture &
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SRM University, Chennai, India
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VIZAG Institute of Technology, Dakamarri,
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China
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Marwadi Education Foundation,
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Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita
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Dr. Sumit Bhowmik
National Institute of Technology,
Silchar, Assam, India

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Dear Readers,
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1. Design and Analysis of Ergonomic Transport Friendly Collapsible Executive Office Chair
P. Velmurugan, K. Vijay Anand 1
2. Experimental Investigation and Optimization of Process Parameters for Thrust Force, Power
Consumption and Energy Consumption During Drilling of Mild Steel on Lathe Machine
Y.S. Chouhan, M.A. Saloda, S. Jindal, C. Agarwal 8
3. Review on Developments in Energy Harvesting Techniques
Priyanka Garg 20
4. Highlights on the Design and Components of Smart Structures
D. Siddharth 23
5. A Short note on Reliability and Risk Analysis of Offshore Structures
Nibha Singh 27
Contents

IJMD (2016) 1–7 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Mechanics and Design
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Design and Analysis of Ergonomic Transport Friendly
Collapsible Executive Office Chair
P. Velmurugan, K. Vijay Anand
M.E. Industrial Engineering Scholar, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
Abstract
Now a day’s office chairs are frequently used in all IT companies and industries. They are
more in demand products of office furniture but are specifically designed for use in indoor
workstation (or work area). It is difficult to transport from one place to another, as it is not
collapsible and occupies large space in the working area as well as on the trucks. Therefore,
to avoid this difficulty, design of the chair is modified based on its height and then examined
for its reliability for outdoor purposes. This project is carried out to study the transportation
problems by way of adding some mechanisms, and also considering all the ergonomics
features related to overall comfort that would include chair height, chair depth, chair width,
seat angle, and back rest support, etc. Hence, the new design of the executive office chair is
useful for different purposes such as outdoor meeting, conference, seminars and training
programs while to make it more users friendly as well as efficient for carrying large number
of chairs for a single trip.
Keywords: adding mechanism, collapsible, ergonomics chair, outdoor purpose, transport
friendly, transport problem
INTRODUCTION
In day to day activities, chairs are closely
connected to everyone comparing to any
other furniture. It serves comfort in sitting
for a while or long working hours
especially at office. The chairs used in
office are ergonomically designed
considering varying work postures. The
anthropometric study suggests the designer
to choose appropriate dimensions of the
chair that make the users feel more
comfortable for their workspace. An
effectively designed executive office chair
is more comfortable for users during their
sitting posture and to long working time
periods. [1]
These ergonomically designed office
chairs considered to human body shape,
size, and weight. A well-fitted chair must
be selected to suit all kinds of people using
it. Chairs are now designed based on
different purposes, like dentist chair,
computer operator chair etc., and due to
wide range of variation in anatomy of
people, such as that of male and female
users, it is necessary to design the chair
that can be adjusted and made suitable for
a wide range of people. [2]
The following major factors are considered
in office chair, as shown in Figure1:
Seat height: It can be adjustable in the
direction of up and down motion with the
help of gas lift cylinder.
Seat width and depth: They are important
factors to be considered in a chair design.
When used by different kinds of people,

Vol. 2: Issue 1
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Experimental Investigation and Optimization of Process
Parameters for Thrust Force, Power Consumption and Energy
Consumption During Drilling of Mild Steel on Lathe Machine
Y.S. Chouhan*, M.A. Saloda, S. Jindal, C. Agarwal
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, Udaipur, India
Abstract
Drilling is one of the major operations to be carried out in almost every manufacturing
industry. During this operation drilling tool drills the metal continuously which increases
thrust force. Due to this force, power consumed during drilling operation. So in this research
work an attempt to experimentally investigate and then optimization of the effect of different
drill parameter like feed and spindle speed on the thrust force, power consumption and
energy consumption during drilling operation are studied. The main purpose of this
experimental work is saving energy and production cost during drilling operation on mild
steel workpiece on lathe machine. Research work basically involved the use of drilling
operation on conventional lathe as it is most widely adopted method for machining and also
plays a crucial role in affecting energy consumption and overall cost of the production.
Power consumption has been measured with the help of a pair of wattmeter in 3 phase motor
of lathe machine and then by this power and time during drilling, energy consumption has
been found. Once the experimental work had been performed, Taguchi’s method used to
evaluate the best possible combination of input parameters for minimizing thrust force,
power consumption and energy consumption. ANOVA method has been also used for getting
contribution of each parameter on thrust force, power consumption and energy consumption.
Keywords: power consumption, thrust force, Taguchi’s method, ANOVA, energy
consumption, spindle speed, feed
INTRODUCTION
Geometrically, drilling is one of the most
complex machining processes, mainly due
to the complex geometry of the drills. The
difficulty of producing drills with
consistent geometries has traditionally
limited accuracy, although drill
consistency and repeatability has greatly
increased recently with the advent of CNC
drill grinders. The same complexity of the
tool geometry has inhibited the
introduction of new tool materials, so that
the productivity gains in drilling have
lagged those made in turning and milling
over the past 30 years. Drilling is applied
to a large variety of materials in different
industries, but has been mostly studied for
metals cutting. In recent years, non-
metallic materials (plastics, ceramics and
composite materials) are steadily replacing
metallic parts in various industries. As the
processes governing the cutting process in
these novel materials are not yet fully
understood and modeled, drilling is often
employed as used for metallic structures,
leading to a high degree of failures and
low efficiencies.
Drilling performance depends on the
materials involved, the drill geometry, the

Vol. 2: Issue 1
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Review on Developments in Energy Harvesting Techniques
Priyanka Garg
University of Madras, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Energy harvesting has been one of the important step towards solving environmental issues
and many organizations have been working religiously to find optimized way to harvest
energy. Mostly natural forms of sources such as sun, water and wind are the premium
choices for the researchers to obtain a long lasting effect on entire pollution free
environmental sustainability as well as on decreasing availability of resources. In this paper,
a brief review is made on the efforts carried out by various researchers in developing much
reliable optimized, promising as well as eco-friendly designs of energy harvesting techniques.
INTRODUCTION
The aim of engineers in these areas is to
find suitable sources of power for wireless
devices to maintain the widest possible
autonomy without the need to change or
recharge the batteries. In every technical
system there is a large amount of waste
energy that surrounds our potential
autonomous application and our aim is to
harvest this ambient energy for
independent power supply – the source
created in this way is defined as an energy
harvesting system.
However it is necessary to take into
consideration that the density of ambient
energy is very low and the devices defined
in this way have the output power of up to
several tens of milliwatts. Nowadays,
however, it is sufficient for the whole
range of modern wireless communications,
security and monitoring elements.
When developing an application based on
energy harvesting, it is important not only
to correctly analyze and utilize the ambient
energy, but also to optimize a connected
wireless application. It is suitable to view
the entire component as a mechatronic
system and to design its development as a
whole.
Energy Harvesting
Energy harvesting technology is defined as
obtaining of electric energy from the
surroundings at the point of power supply
of autonomous application, without
consuming any additional fuel or
materials. This technology is, in rapidly
evolving modern world, one of the most
desirable technologies, mainly due to the
development of wireless technologies,
which offer a substantial reduction of
energy consumption.
Sources of Energy Harvesting
The classification of energy harvesting can
be organized on the basis of the form of
energy they use to scavenge the power.
For example piezoelectric harvesting
devices scavenge mechanical energy and
convert it into usable electrical energy.
The various sources for energy harvesting
are wind turbines, photovoltaic cells,
thermoelectric generators and mechanical
vibration devices such as piezoelectric
devices, electromagnetic devices.
LITERATURE REVIEW ON
VARIOUS TECHNIQUES USED FOR
ENERGY HARVESTING
Geoff Angel in his research work
introduces a new type of machine that is
intended to transform sustainable solar

Vol. 2: Issue 1
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Highlights on the Design and Components of Smart Structures
D. Siddharth
Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
INTRODUCTION
The subject of smart structures and
induced-strain actuators has attracted
considerable attention in recent years.
Smart structures offer the opportunity to
create engineered material systems that are
empowered with sensing, actuation, and
artificial intelligence features. One very
significant advantage offered by
composites is that their properties can be
tailor‐made; layer‐by‐layer, to meet
specific functional requirements. Further,
each layer can be itself engineered by
altering selection of fiber materials, having
a mix of fibers, changing their orientation,
using matrix material with appropriate
properties, and controlling fiber volume
fraction.
Smart materials are a part of a group of
materials broadly known as Functional
Materials.
The basic energy forms that get
interchanged are - Thermal energy, electric
energy, magnetic energy, sound energy &
mechanical energy & mechanical energy.
Smart Materials are analogous to
Biological Materials because of its
properties such as-adaptivity, cellular
function, self-sensing, actuation & control.
Smart sensors & actuators are highly
embeddable.
Analytical models developed thus far help
us calculate fairly accurately mechanical
properties of each lamina. These models
allow variability of properties of fibers and
matrices, volume fractions, and fiber
orientation. The next step in this journey is
to develop a theoretical construct which
will help us predict the mechanical
response of a laminate, i.e. a collection of
laminae, stacked up and bonded together.
Each lamina in this stack‐up may have
different properties. The 1st step for
predicting the response of a laminate
involves developing stress‐strain relations
for a composite plate.
SMART STRUCTURES
The concept of a smart structure can be
described as a system which has intrinsic
sensor, actuator and control mechanisms
whereby it is capable of sensing a
stimulus, responding to it, and reverting to
its original state after the stimulus is
removed.
Their basic characteristics of efficiency,
functionality, precision, selfrepair, and
durability continue to fascinate scientists
and engineers alike. Smart structures have
evolved by biomimesis; they aim at
creating man-made structures with
embedded sensing, actuation, and control
capabilities.
Stupid - Dumb–Foolish– Trivial –
Sensible–Smart/Clever – Intelligent –
Wise
• Present smart materials are in the range
from highly sensible to poorly
intelligent level
• Passive smartness to Active Smartness;
eg. of passive smartness - multiphase
rocket nozzle of Space Shuttle
• Porous Tungsten with silver coating,
Graphite, Ceramic layer, Steel
• Passive smartness is in open-loop

Vol. 2: Issue 1
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A Short Note on Reliability and Risk Analysis of Offshore
Structures
Nibha Singh
C. C. S. University, Meerut, India
INTRODUCTION
Design of structures is carried out to
satisfy the condition that the structures.
The need for risk assessment and
reliability criteria is becoming the major
requirement for offshore structures, where
probabilistic analyses are achieving
progressively greater importance.
The aforementioned issues deal with
probabilistic structural design field, where
both loads (dependent on wave and wind
forces) and geometrical parameters and
materials resistances are described in terms
of stochastic quantities. To cope with this
type of problems it is necessary to make
use of specific regulations which describe
the random nature of the problem. These
standards (based on the LRFD approach
described below) have been developed
according to a probabilistic logic and
provide a valuable tool for the verification
of the structural components, ensuring
predetermined reliability levels.
Reliability analysis is performed for braces
using FORM technique. Sensitivity
analysis is performed to gain knowledge
on the influence of random variables on
the limit state function.
The results of sensitivity analysis are
ranked using bar chart to determine key
variables of the limit state function. The
result of reliability analysis for the
considered failure modes is extended to
establish a framework for system
reliability.
OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
Typical offshore platform components
include “steel jackets” (those parts of the
structure immersed in water) and “topside
components” (those parts above water).
Within this assembly, the most critical
elements are the welded tubular
connections. The main objective of the
research project lies in the development of
routines to assess structural reliability
based on unambiguous and scientifically-
recognized criteria, with a view to the
accurate quantification of operational life
and the planning of appropriate inspection
protocols.
Offshore construction is the installation of
structures and facilities in a marine
environment, usually for the production
and transmission of electricity, oil, gas and
other resources. Construction and pre-
commissioning is typically performed as
much as possible onshore. To optimize the
costs and risks of installing large offshore
platforms, different construction strategies
have been developed.
Performance Characteristics
A structural design and assessment
comprises a recipe consisting of many
‘ingredients’. With increasingly specialist
deep discipline knowledge there can be a
tendency to focus one element in isolation
without regard to the complete system. In
standards, whether global standards or
corporate standards, there are risks in
changing the recipe in one clause without
regard to the full suite of system
requirements.

International Journal of Mechanics and Design vol 2 issue 1

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International Journal of Mechanics and Design vol 2 issue 1