present perfect simple vs. present perfect continuous

1. English class 23
Elementary level
Juan José Simón Pérez
learnenglishesol.weebly.com

2. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE VS.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
 El Present Perfect Continuous es ‘I have been
doing’.
 Al igual que el Present Perfect Simple,se utiliza
para hablar de acciones que tienen alguna
relación con el presente.
I need a rest, I’ve been working all day!
How long have you been studying English?

3. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE VS.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
 P.P.Continuous: resalta la acción en si misma,
sin importar si esta ha terminado o no. Aquí lo
importante es el proceso mas que el resultado.
I’ve been doing my homework, so I’m
exhausted.
The wind has been blowing all day!
 P.P.Simple: resalta el resultado de la acción.
Se usa en acciones terminadas.
I’ve finished my homework.
The wind has destroyed that house!

4. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE VS.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
 P.P.Continuous: se utiliza al decir la duración
de una acción
How long have you been waiting for me?
I’ve been studying English for three years.
 P.P.Simple: se utiliza al decir cuantas veces (o
en que cantidad) se ha hecho una acción
I’ve waited for you four times this week!
I’ve studied a lot of English recently.

5. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE VS.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
 En present perfect continuous, como sucede
con todos los verbos continuos, no se pueden
usar verbos de estado, con la excepción de
want y mean.
I’ve been meaning to call you since last
month.
I’ve known the truth all this time
I’ve been knowing the truth all this time

6. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE VS.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
 En ocasiones se usa P.P. simple al decir la
duración de una acción, pero siempre
considedrando la acción como permanente.
I’ve worked here for five years.
I work in Madrid but I’ve been working in
Alicante this month.

7. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE VS.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
 Ejemplos:
I’ve painted my room, do you like how does
it look?
I’ve been painting my room this morning, I’m
tired!
I’ve read that book you lent me, the end was
hilarious.
I’ve been reading that book you lent me. I’ve
read 200 pages so far.

8. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE VS.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
 Exercise. Complete the sentences with the
correct tense of the verb in brackets, p.p.
simple or p.p. continuous.
1. I’m exhausted. I _________ (work) all day.
2. That house looks great! The owners _______
(paint) the facade.
3. How many months ____ (take) dance lessons?
4. How long _____ (go) to dance classes?
5. Susan ____ (travel) all around the world this
year. She _____ (visit) seven countries so far.

9. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE VS.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
 Answers:
1. I’m exhausted. I’VE BEEN WORKING all day.
2. That house looks great! The owners HAVE
PAINTED the facade.
3. How many months HAVE YOU TAKEN dance
lessons?
4. How long HAVE YOU BEEN GOING to dance
lessons?
5. Susan HAS BEEN TRAVELING all around the
world this year. She HAS VISITED seven
countries so far.

10. HE SAID THAT…REPORTED SPEECH
 Al decir lo que otras personas han dicho,
podemos hacerlo con el estilo directo (direct
speech) o con el estilo indirecto (reported
speech).
 Direct speech: He said: ‘I am happy with my
new job’.
 Indeirect speech: He said (that) he was happy
with his new job.

11. HE SAID THAT…REPORTED SPEECH
 El direct speech consiste en citar textualmente
lo dicho por otras personas.
 En el indirect/reported speech se comunica lo
dicho por otros pero sin hacerlo textualmente.
 Para el reported speech se suelen usar los
verbos say y tell, aunque también se pueden
usar otros como ask o beg.
He told me that he was in London
He asked me to pick him up at the airport

12. HE SAID THAT…REPORTED SPEECH
 En general se usa el pasado simple tanto para
el verbo principal (say/tell) como para el resto
de la frase.
Direct: She said: ‘I don’t like the food’
Reported: She said she didn’t like the food.
Direct: He said: ‘I want to go to Africa on my
holidays’.
Reported: He told me that he wanted to go to
Africa on his holidays.

13. HE SAID THAT…REPORTED SPEECH
 Los verbos dichos en presente suelen cambiar
al pasado.
 Si la situación no ha cambiado y hablamos de
temas generales, se pueden dejar en presente,
aunque lo normal es cambiarlos al pasado.
He told me he didn’t eat meat =
He told me he doesn’t eat meat.

14. HE SAID THAT…REPORTED SPEECH
 Cuando nos han dicho algo en pasado simple
se suele dejar en pasado simple, pero también
es correcto pasarlo al pasado perfecto
Direct: She said: ‘I was tired and I went to bed
early’.
Reported: She said that she was tired and she
went to bed early. =
She said that she had been tired and she
had gone to bed early.

15. HE SAID THAT…REPORTED SPEECH
 Cambio de verbos en el reported speech:
DIRECT INDIRECT
Present simple Past simple
Past simple Past simple / past perfect
Present continuous Past continuous
Past continuous Past perfect continuous
Present perfect Past perfect
Past perfect Past perfect
Will / shall Would
Would Would
Could Could
Should Should
Must Must / had to
Might Might

16. HE SAID THAT…REPORTED SPEECH
 Las preguntas en reported speech se
transforman en afirmaciones, por lo que hay
que invertir sujeto y verbo o quitar el auxiliar, y
poner el verbo principal en la forma
corrrespondiente.
Direct: She asked: ‘what time are you
coming?’.
Reported: She asked what time we were
coming.

17. HE SAID THAT…REPORTED SPEECH
 Mas ejemplos:
Direct: Tony asked me: ‘how are you?’
Reported: Tony asked me how I was.
Direct: He asked me: where do you live?
Reported: He asked me where I lived.
Direct: Silvia asked him: ‘what are you doing?’
Reported: Silvia asked him what he was doing.

18. HE SAID THAT…REPORTED SPEECH
 Exercise. Change this sentences to reported
speech. Use ‘He said…’ at the beginning of
the sentences.
1. ‘I am 20 years old’
2. ‘I have been away for a month’
3. ‘We won’t have much time’
4. ‘She’s studying in Barcelona at this
moment’
5. ‘They would come as soon as they can’

19. HE SAID THAT…REPORTED SPEECH
 Exercise. Change this sentences to reported
speech. Use ‘He said…’ at the beginning of
the sentences.
1. He said (that) he was 20 years old.
2. He said (that) he had been away for a month.
3. He said (that) we wouldn’t have much time.
4. He said (that) she was studying in Barcelona
at that moment.
5. He said (that) they would come as soon as
they could.

20. Thank you for your attention!