Practical Research

1. The Research
Paper
Presented by:
Mrs. Jubilin L. Albania

2. The Research
Paper FIVE CHAPTERS
Introduction
Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Interpretation of Results
and Discussion
Summary, Conclusion and
Recommendation

3. INTRODUCTION

4. INTRODUCTION
-First part of a research paper
Also called as CHAPTER 1

5. INTRODUCTION
PARTS
I. Background of the study
II. Statement of the Problem
III. Hypothesis
IV. Theoretical Framework
V. Significance of the study
VI. Scope and limitation
VII. Definition of Terms

6. INTRODUCTION
I. Background of the study
Gives the readers
important information
about the research being
conducted

7. INTRODUCTION
I. Background of the study
Features
1. It cites the reason why the
researcher chooses to study a
particular topic. The researcher
writes about his/her personal
observations, difficulties, issues,
and other relevant studies that
might have caught his/her interest
to pursue such study

8. INTRODUCTION
I. Background of the study
Features
2. It describes the setting or the
place where the research will take
place. Different localities have
different needs to be addressed.
Thus, it is important to note where
the study will be conducted. This
gives special consideration to the
needs of that particular locality.

9. INTRODUCTION
I. Background of the study
Features
3. It presents bases that support
or negate the claims of the
researcher. A researcher may
present relevant literatures
related to the study he/she is
conducting

10. INTRODUCTION
I. Background of the study
Features
4. It gives justification for the
need for the research study. The
researcher may cite benefits and
other advantages that the
research study might present
after it has been done. The
researcher must establish the
importance to conduct the
research study.

11. INTRODUCTION
II. Statement of the Problem
Also called as the heart of the
research study where the general and
specific problems and objectives are
presented

12. INTRODUCTION
II. Statement of the Problem
The introductory statement in this
section is usually the general
problem or goal based on the
research title.

13. INTRODUCTION
II. Statement of the Problem
Specific problems or
objectives will be
thoroughly studied in the
course of the research

14. INTRODUCTION
II. Statement of the Problem
Specific Problems are
stated in interrogative form
Need to be answered by
statements of hypotheses

15. INTRODUCTION
II. Statement of the Problem
Research Objectives are
stated in declarative form

16. INTRODUCTION
II. Statement of the Problem
Research Objectives are
stated in declarative form
SOP Need to be answered by
statements of hypotheses while
research objectives may not

17. INTRODUCTION
II. Statement of the Problem
EXAMPLE
Research Title: The Impact of the El
Niño to the Way of Life of the Filipino
Farmers
General Problem: The study attempts
to document the effects of the El Niño
to the Way of Life of the Filipino
Farmers

18. INTRODUCTION
II. Statement of the Problem
EXAMPLE
Specific Problems
1. What are the effects of El Niño on
the production of agricultural
products of the Filipino farmers?
2.What are the effects of the said
phenomenon to the social and
economic interactions of the Filipino
farmers?
3. What practices are adopted by
the said farmers to limit the
effects of El Niño to their way of
life?

19. INTRODUCTION
II. Statement of the Problem
Types of Research
Questions
1. Factor-isolating questions. The
purpose of these questions is to
categorize or name factors and
situations
Example: What are the
possible reasons for the
low grades of students in
English

20. INTRODUCTION
II. Statement of the Problem
Types of Research
Questions
2. Factor-relating questions. These
questions aim to establish
relationships between factors that
have been identified.
Example: What
relationship exist
between variable A and
variable B?

21. INTRODUCTION
II. Statement of the Problem
Types of Research
Questions
3. Situation-relating questions.
These questions aim to see the
changes that might happen to one
variable when the other variable
changes. These questions usually
need experimentation in order to get
results.
Example: What is the
effect of the changes in
climate to the behavior of
animals living in the
grass fields?

22. INTRODUCTION
II. Statement of the Problem
Types of Research
Questions
4. Situation-producing questions.
These questions lead to promote
explicit course of action or conditions
under which a goal could be
accomplish. These are commonly
used in ACTION RESEARCH
Example: What appropriate
classroom management
technique could be devised
to maintain classroom
maintenance?

24. III. HYPOTHESIS
Temporary answer to the research problem. It serves as a
guide as to what processes are needed in answering the
research questions and what research design is to be
undertaken in the study.
In qualitative research, HYPOTHESIS may NOT be needed or
may emerge as the study progresses, depending on the purpose of
the study. For instance , in doing descriptive research, you may
not need hypotheses for you to be able to describe what is going
on or to describe a certain phenomenon or idea.

25. III. HYPOTHESIS
TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS
1. Scientific hypothesis
Provides an answer to a research
question based on the review of
related literature. If the conflicting
results exist in related literature, the
researcher may consider those results
from researches conducted in similar
context as that of the present study
It is written in the research
write-up, may it be in
quantitative or qualitative
research

26. III. HYPOTHESIS
TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS
TYPES OF STATISTICAL
HYPOTHESIS
ALTERNATIVE
HYPOTHESIS- Suggests a
positive relation between
variables
2. Statistical hypothesis-
presents the standard
hypothesis for the statistical
procedure to be employed in
the study.
NULL HYPOTHESIS-
Suggests a negative relation
between variables

27. Theoretica
l and
Conceptual
Framework

28. What is Framework?
Described as the abstract, logical
structure of meaning that guides the
development of the study.

29. Theoretical Framework
A theoretical framework provides a general
framework for data analysis. It defines the concepts
used and explains existing theories and models in
your field of research.
A theoretical framework provides a general framework
for data analysis. It defines the concepts used and
explains existing theories and models in your field of
research. It also explains any assumptions that were
used to inform your approach and your choice of specific
rationales. Theoretical frameworks are often used in the
fields of social sciences.

30. Conceptual Framework
A conceptual framework is a written or
visual representation that explains the
study variables and their relationships
with each other. The starting point is
a literature review of existing studies
and theories about your topic.

31. Conceptual Framework
Research Paradigms refer to
the beliefs and assumptions
that provide the structure for
your research

32. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY

33. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY
Explains how the study will be beneficial to the different
stakeholders of the society.
It identifies the target beneficiaries or target uses of the
current study. It should be clear to the beneficiaries the
advantages and significance of the research results.

34. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY
Explains how the study will be beneficial to the different
stakeholders of the society.
It identifies the target beneficiaries or target uses of the
current study. It should be clear to the beneficiaries the
advantages and significance of the research results.

35. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
Example: STEM- Related
Research
Research Topic:
Level of Effectiveness of
the Lemongrass
(Cymbopogon citratus) Tea
in Lowering the Blood
Glucose Level of Swiss
Mice (Mus musculus).
This research will provide new insights into the
medicinal benefit of lemongrass (Cymbopogon
citratus), specifically on its hypoglycemic ability.
Through this research, the community will further
realize promoting medicinal plants, especially
lemongrass, as a preventive measure against
various diseases. People and medical institutions
may also consider lemongrass tea as an alternative
supplement against hyperglycemia.
Moreover, the analysis presented in this study will
convey valuable information for future research
exploring the medicinal benefits of lemongrass and
other medicinal plants.

36. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
Example: Business and Management-
Related Research
By comparing the two marketing strategies presented by this
research, there will be an expansion on the current understanding
of the firms on these marketing strategies in terms of cost,
acceptability, and sustainability. This study presents these
marketing strategies for small clothing enterprises, giving them
insights into which method is more appropriate and valuable for
them.
Specifically, this research will benefit start-up clothing enterprises
in deciding which marketing strategy they should employ. Long-
time clothing enterprises may also consider the result of this
research to review their current marketing strategy.
Furthermore, a detailed presentation on the comparison of the
marketing strategies involved in this research may serve as a tool
for further studies to innovate the current method employed in the
clothing Industry.
Research
Topic:
A Comparative Analysis of
Traditional and Social Media
Marketing of Small Clothing
Enterprises.