African Americans in the West: Reality and Myth
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An exploration of the African-American experience in the context of western migration history. This presentation demonstrates African Americans contributed in every narrative of western development, but their contributions were ignored as racism promoted a frontier mythology centered on whites.
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African Americans in the West: Reality and Myth
- 1. Julian C. Chambliss, Ph.D. Associate Professor of History & Coordinator of the Africa & African American Studies Program Rollins College African Americans and the West
- 3. Context
- 4. York, slave to William Clark, is one of the earliest example of African Americans in the west (1804- 1806).
- 5. Battle of New Orleans 600 black troops help Andrew Jackson defeat the British
- 6. Manifest Destiny leads to a brutal Civil War that creates a new context for the African American western experience.
- 11. The Redeemed South? "Everything Points to a Democratic Victory This Fall”
- 12. • OUT OF THE SOUTH
- 14. • In 1874 Benjamin Singleton and his associates formed the Edgefield Real Estate and Homestead Association in Tennessee. This association sought out the best locations for black settlements. Singleton tried to establish a well-planned and organized movement to Kansas, but by 1879, the unruly, mass Exodus had overwhelmed his efforts.
- 16. Aerial view of Nicodemus from the Northeast, 1953 http://www.nps.gov/features/nicodemus/buildings.htm
- 17. ALL BLACK TOWNS IN OKLAHOMA http://guides.tulsalibrary.org/content.php?pid=348131&sid=2847897
- 20. Main College Building in Langston, OK, ca 1900
- 23. THE BATTLE FOR THE WEST
- 25. Buffalo soldiers of the 25th Infantry, Ft. Keogh, Montana 9th Cavalry Regiment / 10th Cavalry Regiment 24th Infantry Regiment / 25th Infantry Regiment
- 26. Other Duties: Johnson Country War
- 28. THE ROLE OF MINORITIES IN THE INDUSTRIAL WEST
- 29. The Cowboy’ Diverse Reality • MEXICAN COWBOY – VAQUERO (from Spanish for cow) – Starting in 1500s these Spanish landowners mounted Native Americans on horse to manage cattle.
- 30. Black Cowboys Often omitted from the popular dialogue countless African American served as cowboys in the west.
- 31. MYTH & MARVELS
- 32. Telephone lines over NYC 1880s
- 33. AS THE 19TH CENTURY CAME TO A CLOSE, RAPID URBANIZATION TRIGGERED A COMPLEX ENGAGEMENT WITH THE FRONTIER. THE DIVERSITY OF THE REAL FRONTIER WAS REPLACED BY AN IMAGINARY FRONTIER.
- 34. Dime Novel as Collective Mythology
- 35. The Real Nat Love • Former slave • Worked in the emerging cattle industry after Civil War. • Worked across the southwest and Mexico • Won cowboy contest in 1876 that garnered nickname Deadwood Dick.
- 38. FILM JOINED PRINT IN CREATING A NEW WHITEWASHED MYTHOLOGY OF THE WEST
- 39. Birth of a Nation https://archive.org/movies/thumbnails.php?identifier=dw_griffith_birth_of_a_nation
- 40. COUNTERPOINT: Race Films • Films produced by African-American for African Americans allowed them to show a fuller memory of the western experience.
- 41. IN THE END, THE RE-IMAGINED WESTERN NARRATIVE SUPPORTED VIEWS THAT DIMINISHED AFRICAN- AMERICAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE U.S. EXPERIENCE. THE TRUTH HOWEVER IS THAT AFRICAN- AMERICANS WERE A PART OF THE WESTERN EXPERIENCE.
- 42. Thank You!! • Dr. Julian C. Chambliss • Twitter: @JulianChambliss • www.julianchambliss.com