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State of the Art in Rice Husk Gasification- Marc ETHOS 2011
- 1. State of the Art in Rice Husk Cook Stoves Marc Paré Mechanical Engineering // Georgia Tech Jan 2011 // ETHOS Conference Saturday, January 29, 2011
- 2. Saturday, January 29, 2011
- 3. [Resource Opportunity] [Properties of Rice Husk] 100 kW ($4000) [Resulting Notable Designs] 0.8 kW ($30) 0.3 kW 0.3 kW ($20) ($10) Saturday, January 29, 2011
- 4. World Rice Consumption 2008 (USDA) Saturday, January 29, 2011
- 5. Saturday, January 29, 2011
- 6. How much energy is out there? 432,039 metric tons of rice consumed / year x 0.6 milling rate x 12 GJ / metric ton / 1.3 MJ to cook a meal 2 billion meals / year Saturday, January 29, 2011
- 7. Properties of Rice Husk • Energy Content • Chemical Composition • Angle of Repose • Thermal Conductivity • Air Flow Resistance Saturday, January 29, 2011
- 8. Properties of Rice Husk or Understanding a Really Strange Fuel • Energy Content Low • Chemical Composition High in Silicates • Angle of Repose Causes Bridging • Thermal Conductivity Can Put Out Fires • Air Flow Resistance Darn High Saturday, January 29, 2011
- 9. Energy Content Hull 3000 kcal / kg Char Ash Saturday, January 29, 2011
- 10. Saturday, January 29, 2011
- 11. Ash Chemical Composition Al2O3 6% MgO Losses 2% 9% Fe2O3 CaO 1% 2% SiO2 80% Saturday, January 29, 2011
- 12. Angle of Repose θ Saturday, January 29, 2011
- 13. Thermal Conductivity Test Results from ASTM testing by R&D Services of Cookville, Tennessee (Courtesy Dr. Paul Olivier) Saturday, January 29, 2011
- 14. Dr. Paul Olivier http://www.esrla.com/ Saturday, January 29, 2011
- 15. Resistance to Air Flow • Pressure drop higher than that generated by stack effect in a natural draft cook stove Saturday, January 29, 2011
- 16. Summary, courtesy of Eldon Beagle “The high percentage of silica in rice hulls and the peculiar silica-cellulose structure impede uniform and thorough burning of the hulls in a combustion process.” “Eldon Beagle set a pile of rice hulls 300’x500’x50’ on fire and they burned for six months.” “However, husk cannot be burnt easily or cleanly with excess air, and energy recovery is very low as the heat produced cannot be utilized in a beneficial manner.” Beagle (1978), p. 8. ,Velupillai (1996), p. 18., Ibid., p. 24. , Ibid., p. 25. Saturday, January 29, 2011
- 17. It can’t be done? Saturday, January 29, 2011
- 18. Gasification • Two-stage • Cleaner burn • More fuels • Air-controlled Saturday, January 29, 2011
- 19. Power Generation $34 / kW 30-300 kW • Fluidised bed • Projects around the world Dr. Alexis Belonio Saturday, January 29, 2011
- 20. Forced Air Batch Gasification $113 0.8 kW • Requires a fan and electricity • Blue flame • Easy to control Dr. Alexis Belonio • Batch operation Saturday, January 29, 2011
- 21. Dr. Paul Oliver Saturday, January 29, 2011
- 22. Saturday, January 29, 2011
- 23. Continuous Quasi-Gasification $30 0.3 kW • Requires tapping every few minutes • Continuous operation • Easy to start • Emissions? Saturday, January 29, 2011
- 24. Saturday, January 29, 2011
- 25. Natural Draft Batch Gasification $20 0.3 kW • Chimney provides necessary draft • Very little material • Batch operation Saturday, January 29, 2011
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- 27. Saturday, January 29, 2011
- 28. Future? • TEG (or thermopile) to power fan • More autonomous continuous stove • Blue flame on natural draft stove • More options for cooking surface construction Saturday, January 29, 2011
- 30. Sources • IRRI World Rice Statistics http://beta.irri.org/solutions/index.php? option=com_content&task=view&id=250 • Chemical Analysis of Rice Husk Ash: http://www.scribd.com/doc/3085035/Chemical-Analysis-of- Rice-Husk-Ash • Rice and Straw Properties (Rice Knowledge Bank) http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/rkb/ index.php/rice-milling/contributions-and-references-milling/further-information-byproducts/ husk-and-straw-properties • “No other plant offal even approaches the amount of silica found in rice husks.” Beagle, E.C. 1978. FOA Agricultural Services Bulletin 31, p. 8. • Kaupp, A. (1984). Gasification of Rice Hull: Theory and Praxix. Federal Republic of Germany: GATE/GTZ. 303pp. • http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/content/continuous-flow-rice-husk-gasifier-thermal-application • Sawdust stove image: http://www.motherearthnews.com/Do-It-Yourself/1974-11-01/How-To- Sawdust-Stove.aspx • Saturday, January 29, 2011