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1. MEDIA AND INFORMATION
LITERACY (MIL)
Traditional vs. New Media
Roles and Functions of Media
Normative Theories of the Press
MIL PPT 06
2. THE EVOLUTION OF TRADITIONAL
TO NEW MEDIA (PART 1)

2. LEARNING COMPETENCIES
Learners will be able to…
•identify traditional media and new media and their
relationships (MIL11/12EMIL-IIIb-5);
•editorialize the roles and functions of media in
democratic society (MIL11/12EMIL-IIIb-6);
•search latest theory on information and media
(MIL11/12EMIL-IIIb-7); and
•assess the type of media in the Philippines as
compared to the Normative Theories of the Press
(SSHS).

3. TOPIC OUTLINE
I. Traditional vs. New Media
II. Media is the Message vs. Cultural
Determinism
III. Functions of Communication and Media
IV.Media and Government
A. Normative Theories of the Press

4. History of Communication
by Volke.com
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDkxsNmKDGk
VIDEO PRESENTATION

5. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Answer the activity in your textbook p. 19.
•Traditional or New Media?
Question to Answer
•What were your basis for considering a media
as traditional or new?

7. History of Social Media
by ShoutOut Digital (YouTube)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ha3dHchSZDQ
VIDEO PRESENTATION

8. VIDEO PRESENTATION
How Has Technology Changed Us?
The Medium is the Message
by BBC Radio 4 (YouTube)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ko6J9v1C9zE

9. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: RECITATION
1.Explain the statement of Marshall
McLuhan that “The Medium is the
Message”.
2.Does technology shaped us or is it us, our
culture and society, that shaped
technology?

10. FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA
1. INFORM CITIZENS OF WHAT IS HAPPENING
(MONITORING FUNCTION)

11. FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA
1. INFORM CITIZENS OF WHAT IS HAPPENING
(MONITORING FUNCTION)
This means to inform the citizens of what is happening
around them
Example: In times of natural disasters, war, pandemic etc.
(media is their such as Broadcast media (TV Patrol, 24
Oras and etc.) to inform the people, to guide the people,
to educate the people)

12. FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA
2. EDUCATE THE AUDIENCE
(MEANING AND SIGNIFICANCE OF FACTS)

13. FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA
2. EDUCATE THE AUDIENCE
(MEANING AND SIGNIFICANCE OF FACTS)
This means to educate the audience as to the meaning
and significance if the “facts”; media have the ability to
teach the rules and values.
Example: Educative or documentary shows/programs like
Matanglawin, Super Book, and etc.

14. FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA
3. PROVIDE A FLATFORM FOR PUBLIC DISCOURSE
(PUBLIC OPINION AND EXPRESSION OF DISSENT)
Public Opinion- views
prevalent among the
general public

15. FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA
3. PROVIDE A FLATFORM FOR PUBLIC DISCOURSE
(PUBLIC OPINION AND EXPRESSION OF DISSENT)
This means to providing a platform for public political
discourse; media can facilitate the information of “public
opinion” and feeding that opinion back to the public from
whence it came. (which also means that the media can be
the flat form or can let us witness forums or debates like
political forums such as debates, hearings and speeches)

16. FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA
4. “WATCHDOG” ROLE OF JOURNALISM

17. FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA
4. “WATCHDOG” ROLE OF JOURNALISM
This means that media give publicity to governmental
and political institutions. The media has the right to
report to the public about government issues. The
media are the watchdogs that tells the public about
what is happening inside the government.
Example: About the coverage of the election.

18. FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA
5. CHANNEL FOR ADVOCACY FOR POLITICAL VIEWPOINTS

19. FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA
5. CHANNEL FOR ADVOCACY FOR POLITICAL VIEWPOINTS
This means that media serves as the channel for the
advocacy of political viewpoints or lets say the media let
us witness what people in the government has to say to
the people.
Example: SONA media coverage where media broadcast
the speech of the president.

20. MEDIA AND GOVERNMENT
Normative Theories of the Press
Authoritarian
Soviet Media
Libertarian
Social Responsibility
Textbook pp. 25- 26

21. MEDIA AND GOVERNMENT
Textbook pp. 25- 26
• Authoritarian describe that all forms of communications are under the control of the governing elite or
authorities or influential bureaucrats. The government have all right to restrict any sensitive issues from
press to maintain peace and security in the nation.
• The libertarian theorists are against the authoritarian thoughts. Libertarian theory sees people are more
enough to find and judge good ideas from bad. The theory says people are rational and their rational
thoughts lead them to find out what are good and bad. (It gives more values for individuals to express their
thoughts in media.)
• Social responsibility theory allows free press without any censorship but at the same time the content of the
press should be discussed in public panel and media should accept any obligation from public interference
or professional self regulations or both. (Everyone has to say something or express their opinion about the
media.)
• Soviet media theory looks similar like authoritarian theory but the core part is different from each other. In
authoritarian theory is a one way communication, there is no feedback allowed from the public but in Soviet
media theory is a two way communication at the same time the whole media is controlled or works under
the leadership.

22. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: RECITATION
What type of
media do we have
here in the
Philippines?

23. VIDEO PRESENTATION
Christiane Amanpour's Message on the Occasion of
World Press Freedom Day 2015
YouTube Channel: UNESCO
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EAxKactVrpQ

24. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: RECITATION
Any thoughts
about Christiane
Amanpour's
Message?

25. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT:
CARTOON ANALYSIS
1.What is the message
of this cartoon?
2.Does it speak about
the media in the
Philippines? Why or
why not?

26. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT:
CARTOON ANALYSIS
1. What is the message of this cartoon?
• This means the entanglement of the press freedom. (Hawak ng govt.
sa leeg and media which means kotrolado ng govt. ang media for
example; kahit lahat ng erereport ng media kumbaga isasala muna ng
govt. bago e release sa publiko to ensure that their reputation ay
hindi masisira.)
2. Does it speak about the media in the Philippines? Why or why not?

27. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: RECITATION
Do you agree
with this
statement? Why
or why not?

28. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: RECITATION
For me, media is as corrupt as the government (this would also be my answer in
the previous slide #2 kasi kahit ang media ay may pinapanigan or may pinipiling
pinapanigan)
I would say:
• Without separation of powers (as this is the basis for division of power and
checks and balances)
• Without rule of law
• Without a free and independent media
Democracy can’t survive.
I would suggest an honest media certainly is absolutely necessary.

29. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: RECITATION
On the other hand, democracy and growth are impossible to achieve without freedom
of expression and freedom of the press.
Independent, free and diverse media have a crucial role to play in the good governance of
democratic societies, by ensuring transparency and accountability, promoting
participation and the rule of law.
Not only do free and independent media act as guardians of human rights and
watchdogs against abuses by authority, they also provide citizens with the information
they require to exercise their democratic rights.
The media helps ensure transparency in government machinations and helps keep
watchdogs instituted by the legislative process, independent of the arms of
government. The media’s ability to expose acts of indiscretion further serves as a
deterrent, instilling the fear of being exposed among would be perpetrators.

30. REFERENCES
• Media and Information Literacy by Boots C. Liquigan
• http://communicationtheory.org/normative-theory-four-
theories-of-the-press/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VE8GHioR1YU
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ko6J9v1C9zE
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDkxsNmKDGk
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ha3dHchSZDQ
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfRXxdCU97k