Pioneers of microbiology in brief with pictures. By Jwala Jayadeep KUFOS

1. WELCOME
PIONEERS OF MICROBIOLOGY
BY JWALA

2. ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK
 Considered as the father of microbiology.
 Best known for his contributions towards the establishment of
microbiology as a scientific discipline.
 Main discoveries:- Infusoria (protists in modern zoological classification)
Bacteria
The vacuole of cell
Spermatozoa
The banded pattern of muscle fibers.
 He was the first person to use a histological stain to color specimens
using saffron.

3. LOUIS PASTEUR
 He is one of the most important founders of medical microbiology.
 He pioneered in:- The study of molecular asymmetry.
Discovered microorganisms that causes fermentation
and
diseases.
Originated the process of pasturization.
Developed vaccines against anthrax and rabies.
 He showed that a specific organism was associated with each particular
fermentation. This evidence gave rise to the germ theory of fermentation.

4. ROBERT KOCH
 He is credited to be one of the founders of the specific filed of modern
microbiology.
 He investigated the anthrax disease cycle and studied the bacteria that
cause tuberculosis and cholera. He discovered bacteria such as anthrax
bacilli, tubercle bacilli and cholera bacilli.
 He observed the phenomenon of acquired immunity.
 He introduced solid media for culture of bacteria.
 He described hanging drop method for testing motility.

5. Koch’s postulates
Koch’s postulates consist of the following four rules:-
 The microorganism must be identified in all individuals affected by the
disease, but not in healthy individuals.
 The microorganism can be isolated from the diseased individual and
grown in culture.
 When introduced into a healthy individual, the cultured microorganism
should cause disease.
 The microorganism must then be re-isolated from the experimental host
and found to be identical to the original microorganism.

6. JOSEPH LISTER
 He is a British surgeon and medical scientist who was the founder of
antiseptic medicine and a pioneer in preventive medicine.
 His principle– that bacteria must never gain entry to an operation wound–
remains the basis of surgery to this day.

7. EDWARD JENNER
 He is popularly known as the father of immunology.
 He discovered vaccination for small pox.

8. Sergei winogradsky
 He was a Russian microbiologist, ecologist and soil scientist who
pioneered the cycle-of-life concept.
 Discovered chemosynthesis.
 Invented the Winograsky column
 Discovered and isolated nitrogen fixing bacteria in soil that makes
nitrates available to green plants.
 Founded microbial ecology.

9. PAUL EHRLICH
 He is known as the founder of modern chemotherapy.
 His laboratory discovered arsphenamine (salvarsan), the first effective
treatment of syphilis.
 He popularized the concept of a magic bullet.
 He also made a decisive contribution to the development of an antiserum
to combat diptheria.

10. LEDERBERG & ZINDER
 Zinder and Lederberg had discovered a versatile way to transfer small
bits of genetic material from one bacterium to another through a
process known as transduction.
 Transduction is the transfer of genetic information from a donor to a
recipient cell via a virus particle.
 Today, transduction enables microbiologists to map and manipulate
genes in a wide variety of bacteria and archaea.

11. LWOFF
 He contributed to the understanding of lysogeny, in which a bacterial
virus, or bacteriophage, infects bacteria and is transmitted to subsequent
bacterial generations solely through the cell division of its host.
 Lwoff also discovered that vitamins serves both as growth factors and as
coenzymes for microbes.

12. ARBER & SMITH
 Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans and Hamilton O. Smith won the Nobel
prize for physiology or medicine in 1978 for their discovery of restriction
enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics.
 Arber discovered restriction enzymes. He postulated that these
enzymes bind to DNA at specific sites containing recurring structural
elements made up of specific base pair sequences.
 Smith verified Arber’s hypothesis with a purified bacterial restriction
enzyme and showed that this enzyme cuts DNA in the middle of a
specific symmetrical sequence.

13. TEMIN & BALTIMORE
 They won the Nobel price for physiology or medicine in 1975 for their
work in the discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour
viruses and the genetic material of the cell.

14. MONTAIGNER & GALO
 Montaigner with his group was the first to isolate HIV.
 Galo with his is group is credited with the discovery that the virus
causes AIDS.

15. references
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
 Pommerville, J.C., 2011. Fundamentals of microbiology. Jones
& Bartlett Publishers. 9th edtn Pg:- 1-26
 Willey, Joanne M., 2009 Prescott’s principles of microbiology /
Joanne M. Willey, Linda M. Sherwood, Christopher J.
Woolverton.— 1st ed. Pg:- 1-13
 www.britannica.com/biography/
 www.google.co.in/imghp