The document discusses HIV/AIDS, including that it is a virus that causes AIDS by attacking the immune system. It notes that while preventable and manageable, HIV is currently incurable. It encourages people to know their HIV status and emphasizes the importance of testing in fighting the disease. The document also outlines transmission methods of HIV and treatment options.

1. “ENCOURAGE
EVERYONE TO KNOW
THEIR STATUS”

2. Human Immunodeficiency Virus
or HIV virus as it is commonly
known is a unique type of virus
(a retrovirus).
• A global epidemic.
• Preventable & manageable
but is NOT curable.

3. HIV is a lentivirus that causes the AIDS disease ,
i.e. Failure of the immune system

4. AIDS (Acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome) is a
disease that can
develop in people
with HIV

5. Celebrated every
year on 1st of
December from 1988
To raise the public
awareness about
AIDS (Acquired
Immuno Deficiency
Syndrome).

6. In 2018, 30th
anniversary on 1
December, will be
“Know your
status”.
Encouraging people
to undergo medical
HIV testing

7.  UNAIDS estimates that
more than 9.4 million
people living with HIV
still do not know their
status.
 Stresses the importance
of knowing one’s HIV
status in the fight
against the disease

8. HIV testing is crucial to achieve90-90-90:
 90% of those who are HIV positive in the country know
their status,
 90% of those who know their status are on treatment
and
 90% of those who are on treatment experience
effective viral load suppression

9. AIDS IS:
 A: Acquired, (not inherited) to differentiate from a genetic or
inherited condition that causes immune dysfunction
 I: Immuno-, because it attacks the immune system and increases
susceptibility to infection
 D: Deficiency of certain white blood cells in the immune system
 S: Syndrome, meaning a group of symptoms or illnesses that result
from the HIV infection

10.  estimated at 21.40 lakhs
(15.90 lakhs–28.39 lakhs) in
2017 mostly in age group
15-49 years
 In India, the key populations
are
o Female Sex workers
o Men having sex with
Men
o Injecting Drug Users
o Trans
genders / Hijra Popul
ation

11. 

12.  Entry in the body through body fluids
 Virus attaches itself to immune system cells called CD4 lymphocyte cells,
 it enters the CD4 cells and start replication
 Copies kill CD4 cells after replication
 CD4 count drops so low and immune system stops working.
 Body becomes prone to infections

14. CAUSES OF
TRANSMISSION OF HIV

16. • Blood products
• Semen
• Vaginal fluids

17.  Sharing Needles
Without sterilization Increases the chances of contracting
HIV
 Unsterilized blades

18. Unprotected Intercourse:
• Oral
• Anal ( 10 times
higher rate than
vaginal sex)
• Men sex men (MSM)

19. • Before Birth
• During Birth

20. Blood-to-blood transmission
Transfusion with
HIV-infected
blood
Direct contact
with HIV-infected
blood

23. • Short, flu-like illness - occurs
one to six weeks after
infection
• Mild symptoms
• Infected person can infect
other people

24. • Lasts for an average of ten years
• This stage is free from symptoms
• There may be swollen glands
• The level of HIV in the blood drops to low levels
• HIV antibodies are detectable in the blood

25. • The immune system
deteriorates
• Opportunistic infections
and cancers start to
appear.

27. If your CD4 < 500:
• Bacterial infections
• Tuberculosis (TB)
• Herpes Simplex
• Herpes Zoster
• Vaginal candidiasis
• Hairy leukoplakia
• Kaposi’s sarcoma

28. If your CD4 < 200:
• Pneumocystic carinii
• Toxoplasmosis
• Cryptococcosis
• Coccidiodomycosis
• Cryptosporiosis
• Non hodgkin’s lymphoma

29. If your CD4 < 50:
 Disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection
 Histoplasmosis
 CMV retinitis
 CNS lymphoma
 Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
 HIV dementia

30. The Most Common Opportunistic Infection:
• For HIV-infected individuals with CD4 < 200 cells/mcL:
Pneumocystis jiroveci prophylaxis
• For HIV-infected individuals with CD4 < 75 cells/mcL:
Mycobacterium avium complex prophylaxis
• For HIV-infected individuals with CD4 < 50 cells/mcL:
CMV prophylaxis

31. • Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common opportunistic infection in HIV
and the first cause of mortality in HIV infected patients (10-30%)
• 10 million patients co-infected in the world.
• Immunosuppression induced by HIV modifies the clinical
presentation of TB.

33. • No name is used.
• Unique identifying number.
• Results issued only to test recipient. 23659874515
Anonymous

34. HIV enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay (ELISA)
Screening test for HIV
Sensitivity > 99.9%
Western blot Confirmatory test
Specificity > 99.9% (when combined with
ELIZA)
HIV rapid antibody test Screening test for HIV
Simple to perform
Absolute CD4 lymphocyte count Predictor of HIV progression
Risk of opportunistic infections and AIDS
when
<200
HIV viral load tests Best test for diagnosis of acute
HIV infection Correlates with
disease progression and
response to HAART

35. Urine Western Blot
• As sensitive as testing blood
• Safe way to screen for HIV
• Can cause false positives in certain
people at high risk for HIV

36. Orasure
• The only FDA approved HIV antibody.
• As accurate as blood testing
• Draws blood-derived fluids from the
gum tissue.
• NOT A SALIVATEST!

39. • Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors
AZT (Zidovudine)
• Non-Nucleoside Transcriptase inhibitors Viramune
(Nevirapine)
• Protease inhibitors Norvir
(Ritonavir)

40. For all HIV-infected individuals:
• CD4 counts every 3–6 months
• Viral load tests every 3–6 months and 1 month following a
change in therapy
• PPD = Tuberculosis skin test
• INH (Isoniazid) for those with positive PPD and normal chest
radiograph
• RPR (rapid plasma reagin test) or VDRL (venereal disease
research lab test) for syphilis

41. • Toxoplasma IgG serology
• CMV IgG serology
• Pneumococcal (pneumonia) vaccine
• Influenza vaccine in season
• Hepatitis B vaccine for those who are HBsAb-
negative
• Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination
• Papanicolaou smears every 6 months for women.

42.  Conducting HIV diagnostic tests.
 Providing basic information on the modes of HIV transmission,
and promoting behavioural change to reduce vulnerability.
 Link people with other HIV prevention, care and treatment
services.

43. Five ways to protect yourself:
• Abstinence
• Monogamous Relationship
• Protected Sex
• Sterile needles
• New shaving/cutting blades

44. It is the most effective method of not acquiring HIV/AIDS.
• Refraining from unprotected sex: oral, anal, or vaginal.
• Refraining from intravenous drug use

46. • Use condoms every time you
have sex
• Always use latex or polyurethane
condom (not a natural skin condom)
• Always use a latex barrier during
oral sex

47.  Right to informed consent
 Right to confidentiality
 Right against discrimination
 Right to health
 Right to employment

48. • We can reduce sexual transmission of HIV.
• We can prevent mothers from dying and babies from becoming
infected with HIV.
• We can ensure that people living with HIV receive
treatment.
• We can prevent people living with HIV from dying of tuberculosis.
• We can protect drug users from becoming infected with HIV.

49. • We can remove punitive laws, policies, practices,
stigma and discrimination that
• Block effective responses to AIDS.
• We can stop violence against women and girls.
• We can empower young people to protect themselves from
HIV.
• We can enhance social protection for people
affected by HIV.