this presentation defines about mud house what are its benefits and what challenges are faced it also describes the different techniques used in making mud house

1. Challenges and benefits
PRESENTATION BY
NAME :- KAILASH SINGH

2.  When soil , silt or clay is mixed with water then a paste is formed which is
known as mud .
 It is a building material which has already being tested and tried for more than
thousand of years.
What is Mud ?

3. What is Mud ?
Mud construction is mainly found in places where mud is in abundance
and places which are relatively dry.
It is used in Morden construction and methods of using are different.
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4. Why mud as
building material?
 Energy Consumption
 Abundance
 Housing Demand
 Recycling
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5. Energy Consumption
Abundance
 In mud construction, minimum fossil fuel energy is consumed and
is naturally abundant throughout the world. Where as in brick
construction fossil energy is consumed for manufacturing process
and transportation
 The abundance availability of soil in large areas help the
economically weaker section of the society to afford the mud
construction. It is easily adaptable and the technology can be
transferred easily.
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6. Housing Demand
Recycling
 A huge deficit of housing demand in urban and rural areas linked
with limited resources on all fronts make it absolutely essential that
the housing solution have to be best effective, through optimal
and efficient use of all resources of land, finance and building
material.
 Recycling of modern materials for building construction results in
high cost. Recycling of soil does not need fossil fuel, labor require is
also less. The characteristic of recycled soil for construction remains
the same whereas in modern building material situ acquires inferior
character after recycling.
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7. What is mud house ?
 A mud house is a building constructed with the soil which is
enhanced by natural additives like rice husk, paddy straw, etc. The
soil is tempered by thoroughly breaking up, watering and
kneading and moulded in compressed stabilized earth blocks.
 Mud house construction is durable and can be easily rebuilt.
 Mud construction also provides natural air conditioning which
provides cool air from massive walls.

8. Traditional mud house

9.  principle techniques of building using unbaked earth
 the four main techniques, traditionally used around
the world for building with earth are rammed-earth
daub , adobe, cob, etc. ‘adobe’, rammed-earth and
compressed earth blocks are the most widespread
earth construction techniques used today.
Earth techniques

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11. Rammed-Earth  Rammed earth or pise de Terre (French)is
technique for building walls.
 A mixture of earth consisting of the right
amount of sand, gravel and clay is poured
into a mould. This earth mixture is rammed
until it becomes rock solid.
 When properly constructed, rammed earth
walls can resist the various onslaughts of
nature for a very long time.
 Rammed earth walls are simple to construct
, incombustible , strong and durable.
 They are susceptible to water damage if
inadequately protected.
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12. COB  Cob or cobb is a building material
consisting of clay, sand, straw, water, and
earth.
 Cob is fire proof resistant to seismic
activities and inexpensive.
 The wall of cob house were generally about
24inches thick , and windows were
correspondingly deep set, giving the
homes a characteristic internal appearance.
 Thick walls provide thermal mass which was
easy to keep warm in winters and cool in
summers.
 The material has a long life span even in
rainy climates, provided a tall foundation
and a large roof overhang are present.
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13. ADOBE  Adobe is a natural building material made
from sand, clay, water, and some fibrous or
organic material (sticks, straw and manure)
which the builders shape into bricks using
frames and dry in the sun.
 Adobe buildings are similar to cob and
mud brick buildings.
 adobe buildings are extremely durable, and
account for some of the oldest existing
buildings in the world.
 They are known to be particularly
susceptible to earthquake damage.
 An adobe wall can serve as a significant
heat reservoir due to thermal properties
inherent in the massive walls typically
adobe construction.
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14. WATTLE & DAUB  Wattle & Daub method is an old and
common method of building mud
houses.
 Bamboo and cane frames are provides to
support the roof.
 Mud is plastered over this mesh of
bamboo cane and straws.
 Its drawback is daub structure gets
washed off.
 However the mesh of cane and bamboo
remains intact and after the heavy rain is
over the mud is plastered on again.
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15. Compressed earth
block
 Compressed earth block is a type of
manufactured construction material
formed in mechanical press that forms
and appropriate mix of dirt, non-
expensive clay, and aggregate into a
compressed block.
 These blocks are placed by hand and
slurry is spread or brushed very thinly
between the blocks for bonding.
 These blocks can be pressed from humid
earth, because it is wet, the drying time is
much shorter.
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16. Foundations of mud structure
 It is feasible to build the walls using mud, But for foundation it required some
solid material, if stone is locally available it can be used.
 There are times when the topsoil might be soft and useless but there may be
reasonable harder subsoil capable of carrying the weight of a single storey mud
house.
 In this situation the soil is removed from the trench and fill the trench with stone
or brick for about 6 to 9 inches.
 If bamboo is locally available then it can be used to make rafts of split bamboo.
Having done the first 6 inches infilling and ramming a raft of bamboo strip is laid
all around.

17.  Stabilised earth mortar is best suited for masonry using mud blocks
 Mud mortar should be more stabilized than the mud blocks.
 To reduce the shrinkage coarse sand is added to mortar.
 Rather than dry mix prepare plastic mix.
 MIX:- soil + 40-50% sand + 7.5% cementitious material.
Mortar

18.  Effect of Water.
 Attack by Pests and Insects.
 High Maintenance Requirement and Demand.
 Inappropriate Construction.
 Materials used.
 Age.
 Effect of Weather.
 Usage.
Maintenance Problems in Mud Houses and Their
Causes

19.  Effect of Water: one major cause of maintenance problems is the effect of water the greatest
enemy of earthen houses and these comes through driving rain which damage earthen walls
relentlessly; flooding which affects the typical earthen plinth deteriorating the base of walls and
capillary rise of water into the walls which results in collapse of the entire building .
 Attack by Pests and Insects: another maintenance challenge is rodents; birds and insects
(worms, termites and ants) attack which burrow into earthen walls and establish their habitats
thereby weaken earthen plinths and walls to a large extent .
 High Maintenance Requirement and Demand: earthen plinth and walls require regular
maintenance, especially during the wet season, which puts lot of demands on house owners.
 Usage: both intensity of usage and careless or improper usage as avowed by are also causes
of maintenance problems.
Maintenance Problems in Mud Houses and Their
Causes

20.  Inappropriate Construction: the construction of mud houses require adequate
knowledge so as to avert the problem of deterioration. Every component of the
starting from the foundation is required to be executed well; effective drainage system
provided; suitability of the earth tested and the appropriate depth that is suitable for
bearing on the ground attained.
 Materials used: the choice of materials (soil) utilized in the construction of the building
can also contribute immensely to the maintenance challenge. Mud has varying qualities
and constituents
 Age: the age of the building as a source to maintenance problems since with age the
building component or elements starts weakening and deteriorating.
 Effect of Weather: The effect of the weather on mud house considerably brings about
deterioration; the building elements react with weather, especially those areas that are
exposed or external.
Maintenance Problems in Mud Houses and Their
Causes

21.  Mud walls provide thermal comfort inside the house.
 Mud house are eco-friendly, which means that they are
biodegradable and recyclable.
 Mud house are cost effective.
 Mud has negligible carbon footprints.
 Mud house are strong, sturdy and disaster resistant.
Benefits of mud house