The document provides an overview of MSHA's Part 46 training requirements, including who must be trained, required training plans, types of required training (new miner, annual refresher, etc.), who can conduct training, and how training should be delivered. It reviews topics that must be covered like hazard recognition, emergency response, and equipment operation. The presentation also examines MSHA data on metal and nonmetal mining fatalities from 2005 to identify root causes and risk areas to focus training content.

1. Developing a Part 46
Training Plan

2. Welcome
Feb. 20-24, 2006 “Focus on
Safety Week” for Metal and
Nonmetal Mines Nationwide

3. Session Agenda
I. Welcome and Introductory Remarks
III. Part 46 Regulatory Review
V. Writing a Training Plan
VII.Training Resources
IX. Session Wrap-up

4. Regulatory
Overview

5. Under Part 46 Who Has to be
Trained?
Miners and other persons at:
 Shell dredging
 Sand
 Gravel
 Surface Stone
 Surface Clay
 Colloidal phosphate AND
 Surface Limestone mines

6. Who is Considered a “Miner”?
 Any person, including any operator or
supervisor, who works at a mine and who is
engaged in mining operations;
 Includes independent contractors and
employees of independent contractors who are
engaged in mining operations; AND
 Any construction worker who is exposed to
hazards of mining operations.

7. What is the Minimum Information
Required for a Training Plan?
1. Name of production operator or independent
contractor, mine name(s), MSHA mine ID
number(s) or independent contractor
number(s).
2. Name and position of person designated who
is responsible for health & safety training.

8. What is the Minimum Information
Required for a Training Plan?
3. General description of teaching methods, course
materials, subject areas and approximate time
for each subject area.
3. List of persons and/or organizations who will
provide training and subject area each is
competent to instruct.
5. Evaluation procedures used to determine
effectiveness of training.

9. Who Can Conduct Training?
 Competent Person – means a person
designated by the production-operator or
independent contractor who has the ability,
training, knowledge or experience to provide
training to miners in his or her area of expertise.
Must be able to effectively communicate the
training subject to miners and to evaluate
whether the training given to miners is effective.

10. Who Can Conduct Training?
 You may conduct your training
 State or federal agencies
 Associations of production-operators or
independent contractors
 Miners’ representatives
 Consultants
 Manufacturers’ representatives
 Private associations
 Educational institutions

11. How Should the Training Be
Conducted?
 Classroom instruction
 Instruction at the mine
 Interactive computer-based instruction
 Alternative training technologies
 Any combination of training methods

12. What are the Categories of Training
Required by the Standard?
 New miner training
 Newly hired experienced miner training
 New task training
 Annual refresher training
 Site specific hazard awareness training
 Contractor training

13. New Miner Training
 New Miner – person who is beginning
employment as a miner with a production-
operator or independent contractor and
who is not an experienced miner.
 No less than 24 hours of training is
required for new miners.

14. New Miner Training: Before Beginning
Work at the Mine (No Less Than 4 Hours)
 Introduction to work environment;
 Recognition and avoidance of electrical and other hazards;
 Review of the emergency medical, escape and emergency
evacuation plans, firewarning and firefighting;
 Health & safety aspects of assigned tasks;
 Statutory rights of miners;
 Authority and responsibility of supervisors and miners’
representatives
 Introduction to rules and procedures of reporting hazards

15. New Miner Training: No Later Than 60
Calendar Days After Beginning Work at
Mine
 Instruction in use, care and maintenance of self-
rescue and respiratory devices (if in use)
 Review of first aid methods

16. New Miner Training: No Later Than 90
Calendar Days After Beginning Work at
Mine
 Provide with balance, if any, of the 24
hours of training on any other subjects that
promote health & safety for miners.

17. Newly Hired Experienced Miner Training
 Experienced Miner – person employed
as a miner on or after October 2, 2000
who has completed 24 hours of new miner
training under Sect. 46.5 of this part or
under Sect. 48.25 of this title and who has
at least 12 cumulative months of surface
mining or equivalent experience.

18. Newly Hired Experienced Miner: Before
Beginning Work at the Mine
 Introduction to work environment;
 Recognition and avoidance of electrical and other
hazards;
 Review of the emergency medical, escape and
emergency evacuation plans, firewarning and
firefighting;
 Health & safety aspects of assigned tasks;
 Statutory rights of miners;
 Authority and responsibility of supervisors and
miners’ representatives
 Introduction to rules and procedures of reporting
hazards

19. Newly Hired Experienced Miner: No
Later Than 60 Calendar Days After
Beginning Work at Mine
 Instruction in use, care and maintenance of self-
rescue and respiratory devices (if in use)

20. New Task Training
 To be provided to any miner who is
reassigned to a new task in which he/she
has no previous work experience
 Train in the health & safety aspects and
safe work procedures specific to that new
task
 Provide before the miner performs the
new task

21. Annual Refresher Training
 No less than 8 hours
 No later than 12 months after the miner
begins work at the mine

22. Annual Refresher Training
 Changes at the mine that could
adversely affect miners’ health or
safety;
 Other relevant health and safety topics.

23. Other Relevant Topics
 Applicable health and safety  Ground conditions and control
requirements
 Traffic patterns and control
 Hazard Communication
 Working in areas of highwalls
 Transportation controls and
communication systems  Water hazards
 Escape and emergency evacuation  Prevention of accidents
plans
 Explosives
 Firewarning and firefighting
 Respirators
 Use of hand-tools and welding
equipment  Working around moving objects
(machine guarding)
 Material handling
 Fall prevention and protection

24. Other Relevant Topics: Equipment -
Specific Training
 Haulage and service trucks
 Front-end loaders and tractors
 Conveyor systems
 Cranes
 Crushers
 Excavators
 Dredges
 Maintenance and repair

25. Site-Specific Hazard Awareness
Training (SSHAT)
 Must be provided before any person specified is
exposed to mine hazards
 SSHAT is information or instructions on the
hazards a person could be exposed to while at
the mine and emergency procedures.
 Not required for any person who is accompanied
at all times by an experienced miner familiar with
the hazards.

26. Who Must Receive SSHAT?
 Office or staff personnel
 Scientific workers
 Delivery workers
 Customers, including commercial over-the-road
drivers
 Construction workers
 Maintenance or service workers
 Vendors or visitors

27. Independent Contractor Training
 Production-operator has responsibility for
providing SSHAT and information
regarding the contractor’s responsibility to
comply with MSHA training requirements:
 New miner training
 Newly hired experienced miner training
 New task training
 Annual refresher training

28. Developing a Part 46
Training Plan

29. Five Steps to Compliance

30. 2005 Metal / Nonmetal
Fatal Accident Review
www.msha.gov/stats/review/2005/2005review.asp

31. MNM Fatals
Contractors
2
Mine
Employees
33

32. MNM Fatalities by Commodity
Other*, 26% Cement, 6%
Sand &
Gravel, 28%
Gold, 8%
Crushed
Stone, 32%
* Trona, Lime, Platinum, Pumice,
Phosphate, Iron Ore,
Sandstone, Potash, Copper

33. MNM Fatalities by Classification
Fall of Powered
Person, 8% Haulage, 46%
Machinery,
29%
Falling Exploding
Material, 8% Vessel, 3%
Electrical, 6%

34. MNM Fatalities by Mine Size
100+ 1-5
Employees, Employees,
34% 14%
5-10
Employees,
20%
50-100
10-20
Employees, 25-50
20-25 Employees,
9% Employees,
Employees, 9%
11%
3%

35. MNM Fatalities by Age
60+, 14% 17-25, 11%
25-30, 11%
50-60, 11%
30-35, 18%
45-50, 20%
40-45, 6% 35-40, 9%

36. MNM Fatalities by Mining Experience
25-30 30+
Years, 9% Years, 0-1 Years,
11% 29%
20-25
Years, 3%
15-20
Years, 3%
10-15 1-2 Years,
Years, 3% 5-10 2-5 Years, 17%
Years, 14%
11%

37. MNM Fatalities by Activity
Maintenance Production,
, 51% 49%

38. MNM Fatalities by Occupation
Machinery/
Mobile Plant
Equipment Operator,
Operator, 20%
26%
Supervisor,
8%
Repairman/
Technician,
Laborer/ 26%
Utility,
20%

39. Root Causes
Risk
Assessment, Inadequate
16 Procedures,
23
Training,
6
LO/TO,
4
No Inspection,
PPE,
5
15
Note: Fatalities may have
several root causes.

40. MNM Fatalities – 1995-2005
70
61
60
53 55
51
50 47 47
42
40
30 35
30 26 27
20
10
0
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005

41. METAL/NONMETAL DAILY FATALITY REPORT - End of Year - 2005
FATALITIES CHARGEABLE TO 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
U U U U U
THE MNM MINING INDUSTRY G S G S G S G S G S
ELECTRICAL 0 1 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 1
EXP VESSELS UNDER
PRESSURE 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
EXP & BREAKING AGENTS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FALL/SLIDE MATERIAL 0 0 1 1 0 3 0 4 0 3
FALL OF FACE/RIB/HIGHWALL 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
FALL OF ROOF OR BACK 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FIRE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
HANDLING MATERIAL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
HAND TOOLS 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
NONPOWERED HAULAGE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1
POWERED HAULAGE 3 3 1 4 0 6 1 6 5 1
HOISTING 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
IGNITION/EXPLOSION OF GAS/
DUST 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
INUNDATION 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
MACHINERY 0 2 0 3 1 7 1 5 2 8
SLIP/FALL OF PERSON 0 4 0 2 1 2 0 6 0 3
STEP/KNEEL ON OBJECT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
STRIKING OR BUMPING 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
OTHER 0 2 2 3 0 2 0 2 0 0

42. Fatalgrams and Fatal Investigation Reports
Metal and Nonmetal Mines
www.msha.gov/fatals/fab.htm

43. METAL/NONMETAL MINE FATALITY - - On January 27, 2006, a 60-year old
heavy equipment operator with 10 years mining experience was fatally injured at a
crushed stone operation. He was operating a dozer to prepare a bench for drilling.
The dozer traveled over the edge of a 50-foot highwall and fell to the quarry floor,
submerging the cab in several feet of mud and water.

44. METAL/NONMETAL MINE FATALITY - - On
January 27, 2006, a 60-year old heavy
equipment operator with 10 years mining
experience was fatally injured at a crushed
stone operation. He was operating a dozer to
prepare a bench for drilling. The dozer
traveled over the edge of a 50-foot highwall
and fell to the quarry floor, submerging the
cab in several feet of mud and water.
Best Practices
Stop, Look, Analyze, and Manage (SLAM) each task to identify all potential hazards
before performing work. Maintain and wear seat belts when operating machinery. Always
keep the blade between yourself and the edge of the highwall when operating a dozer on
the highwall bench.
Operate equipment so that control is maintained. Reduce the throttle position and know
how to immediately stop the dozer when working near the edge of the highwall. Provide
adequate illumination when work is performed during non-daylight hours.

45. METAL/NONMETAL MINE FATALITY - On January 6, 2006, a 39-year old mechanic with 12
years mining experience was fatally injured at a sand and gravel operation while working on a
front-end loader. The front and rear sections of the loader had been separated at the articulation
joint and each section was independently supported with jack stands. The victim was positioned
between the left rear tire and frame to remove a hydraulic hose. The frame of the loader tipped
forward on the tires and swiveled to the left on the rear axle oscillation trunnion, pinning him.

46. METAL/NONMETAL MINE FATALITY - On January 6, 2006, a 39-year old mechanic with 12
years mining experience was fatally injured at a sand and gravel operation while working on a
front-end loader. The front and rear sections of the loader had been separated at the articulation
joint and each section was independently supported with jack stands. The victim was positioned
between the left rear tire and frame to remove a hydraulic hose. The frame of the loader tipped
forward on the tires and swiveled to the left on the rear axle oscillation trunnion, pinning him.
Best Practices
•Stop, Look, Analyze, and Manage (SLAM) each task to identify all potential hazards before
performing maintenance work. Practice safe work habits during the entire task.
•Consult and follow the manufacturer's recommended safe work procedures for the
maintenance task.
•Train miners in safe work procedures before beginning repairs.
•Securely block equipment against all hazardous motion at all times while performing
maintenance work. If the equipment being blocked has multiple degrees of movement of
freedom, exercise extreme caution because some instability modes may not be obvious.

47. METAL/NONMETAL MINE FATALITY - On November 18, 2005, a 52-year old repairman
with 33 years mining experience was fatally injured at a crushed stone operation. A rubber-
tired boom truck was being used to lift a motor from its mounting base. The victim, who was
attempting to pry the motor free, was struck by the motor when it unexpectedly swung against
the crusher as it came free.

48. METAL/NONMETAL MINE FATALITY - On
November 18, 2005, a 52-year old repairman
with 33 years mining experience was fatally
injured at a crushed stone operation. A rubber-
tired boom truck was being used to lift a motor
from its mounting base. The victim, who was
attempting to pry the motor free, was struck by
the motor when it unexpectedly swung against
the crusher as it came free.
Best Practices
Stop, Look, Analyze, and Manage (SLAM) each task to identify all potential hazards.
Practice safe work habits during the entire task.
Disassemble all tensioned components to prevent a sudden release of energy before
dismantling equipment.
Position yourself only in areas where you will not be exposed to hazards resulting from a
sudden release of energy.
Train miners in safe work procedures and ensure they are familiar with manufacturer's
recommendations before beginning

49. METAL/NONMETAL MINE
FATALITY - On November 4,
2005, a 21-year old laborer with 5
weeks mining experience was
fatally injured at a crushed stone
operation. The victim was being
task trained to operate a haul
truck. While backing down a ramp,
he lost control of the truck. The
truck went through a berm,
overturned, and fell to the bench
below.

50. METAL/NONMETAL MINE
FATALITY - On November 4,
2005, a 21-year old laborer with
5 weeks mining experience was
fatally injured at a crushed stone
operation. The victim was being
task trained to operate a haul
truck. While backing down a
ramp, he lost control of the truck.
The truck went through a berm,
overturned, and fell to the bench
below.
Best Practices
Task train new miners in all phases of mobile equipment operation at locations designated for
training only. Provide classroom training that includes a thorough review of the Operator's
Manual before hands-on training of operating mobile equipment.
Experienced miners providing task training must be knowledgeable of all safety requirements
and proficient in the safe operation of mobile equipment.
Conduct pre-operational checks to identify any defects that may affect the safe operation of
mobile equipment before placing it into service.

51. METAL/NONMETAL MINE FATALITY - On October 28, 2005, a 32-year old crusher
foreman with 7 years mining experience was fatally injured at a sand and gravel
operation. The victim and another miner were moving a radial stacking conveyor to a
new position. The victim was positioned on the ground while a front-end loader was
used to move the unit. He was caught by one of the wheels of the stacking conveyor.

52. METAL/NONMETAL MINE FATALITY - On October 28, 2005, a 32-year old crusher
foreman with 7 years mining experience was fatally injured at a sand and gravel
operation. The victim and another miner were moving a radial stacking conveyor to a
new position. The victim was positioned on the ground while a front-end loader was
used to move the unit. He was caught by one of the wheels of the stacking conveyor.
Best Practices
•Stop, Look, Analyze, and Manage (SLAM) each task to identify all potential hazards.
Prior to starting the task, jointly discuss steps that will be taken to safely perform the
job.
•Ensure that miners communicate clearly with each other.
•Ensure that miners are not positioned in areas where they are exposed to hazards.

53. Most Frequently Cited Standards by Mine Type for 2004
www.msha.gov/STATS/Top20Viols/top20home.htm
Metal / Nonmetal Mines Coal Mines
 Mills – Metal  Plants – Coal
 Mills – Nonmetal  Surface Coal
 Mills – Stone  Underground Coal
 Sand and Gravel
 Surface Metal
 Surface Nonmetal
 Surface Stone
 Underground Metal
 Underground Nonmetal
 Underground stone

54. Standard Title Number of Percent Standard
Most Frequently Violations (%)
Cited Standards Guarding of Moving Machine Parts 2,988 13.3 56.14107(a)
2004 Horns and Backup Alarms 1.377 6.1 56.14132(a)
Sand and Gravel Safety Defects 1.234 4.5 56.14100(b)
Electrical Conductors 829 3.7 56.12004
Preparation and Submission of MSHA 662 3.0 50.30(a)
Report Form 7000
Parking Brakes 642 2.9 56.14101(a)(2)
Berms or Guardrails 609 2.7 56.9300(a)
Guard Construction 565 2.5 56.14112(b)
Inspection and Cover Plates 515 2.3 56.12032
Insulation and Fittings for Power 514 2.3 56.12008
Wires and Cables
Testing Grounding Systems 496 2.2 56.12028
Safe Access 477 2.1 56.11001
Housekeeping 407 1.8 56.20003(a)
Handrails and Toe Boards 388 1.7 56.11002
Warning Signs 336 1.5 56.4101
Inspection 299 1.3 56.4201(a)(2)
First Aid 283 1.3 56.18010
Workplace Safety Records 282 1.3 56.18002(b)
Correction of Dangerous Conditions 251 1.1 56.12030
Requirements for Container Labels 246 1.1 47.41(a)

55. MSHA's Accident Prevention Program:
Tips and Ideas by Mine Type
www.msha.gov/Accident_Prevention/minetypes.htm
Surface Mines
Coal Metal
Nonmetal Stone
Sand and Gravel

56. MSHA's Accident Prevention Program
Safety Ideas and Tips
By Mine Type
Sand and Gravel
Safety Ideas Miner's Tips
•Ask Someone Who Knows
•Blocking Against Motion
•Avoid Dump-Point Hazards
•Chutes and Bins: Access
Without Spillage •Battery Safety
•Cleaning Equipment Steps •Bulk Truck Maintenance
•Conveyor Belts Move Faster •Buried Gas Line Hazards
Than You Can
•Conditioning
•Conveyor Belt Skirt Boards
•Contractor Safety
•Conveyor Clean-up
•Creating Understanding
•Conveyor Safety Features
•Designate Someone
Should Not Be Options
•Dump Point Warning Light •Don’t Get Caught In A Moving
Conveyor
•Effective Annual Refresher
•Downed Power Line
Training
•Electrically Insulated Matting •Driller / Blaster
Communications

57. MSHA's Occupational Illness and Injury Prevention Program
Miner's Tips and Health Ideas by Category
www.msha.gov/Illness_Prevention/ippcategories.htm
Confined Space
Cold Stress
Disease
Dust Control
Remember
General Safety Your Health Comes First!
Health
Heat Stress
Hygiene and Housekeeping
Knee Injury
Noise
Personal Protective Equipment

58. Previous MSHA Webcasts
R e m e m b e r -- " S a f e t y a n d H e a lt h a r e
V a lu e s !"
www.msha.gov/webcasts/Webcasthistory.asp
For 2004 Metal/Nonmetal
Mine Safety and
Health
"SLAM" Stop -
Look - Analyze -
Manage"
October 12, 2004
See Material
Metal/Nonmetal
Mine Safety and
Health
"Industry Needs U
in the Middle to
Reduce Fatalities"
January 22, 2004
See Material

59. Stakeholder Best Practices
www.msha.gov/stakeholderbp/stakeholderbp.htm
Automated External Defibrillator (AED) Mounting and Dismounting Equipment
Adding Pipeline on a Dredge Noise Reduction in the Cab
Building A Safety Culture Open Pit Traffic Control
Can You See What You're Breathing? Oxygen-Acetylene Cutting Operations
Changing Screening Plan Your Work and Work Your Plan
Cold Weather Hazards Recognizing Work Zones
Contractors are Miners, Too Red Flags of Substance Abuse
Ensure A Healthy Workplace Reducing Silica Exposure
Fatigue Signs, Signs, Everywhere There's Signs
Handling Caustic Soda * Substance Abuse
Haulage Road Housekeeping Support the IRS (Increased Roof Support)
Heat Stress - Summer Alert Suspended Loads
Improving Your Pre-shift Inspection Underground Air Quality
Is that Cell Phone conversation worth the Price? Wellness
Keeping the Truck Driver in the Cab Windshield Access
Maintaining the Bank Edge Workboat Safety *
Mentoring

60. Equipment Safety and Health Concerns
Equipment Related Accidents
www.msha.gov/equipmentsafety/equipmentaccidents.asp
The following pages contain equipment related
accident data from 1995 - 2004. Searches can
be done for a particular year or by listed
equipment type, which then are linked to
fatalgrams and accident reports. Our goal is to
educate equipment operators and the mining
community about the hazards associated with
operating a specific type of equipment.

61. SLAM Risks
Stop - Look - Analyze - Manage
www.msha.gov/FocusOn/SLAM2004/SLAM2004.asp

62. The majority of fatal accidents have
these common root causes
•Failure to identify hazards
•Failure to manage risks
SLAM Risks the SMART Way!
Miners:
Stop Think through the task
Look Identify the hazards for each job step
Analyze Determine if you have the proper knowledge, training, and tools
Manage Remove or control hazards and use proper equipment
Mine Operators:
Stop Isolate each step in a task and identify past and potential accidents,
injuries, and violations.
Measure Evaluate the risks associated with the task and barriers that have
allowed hazards to cause injuries
Act Implement controls to minimize or eliminate any hazards that make
the risk unacceptable
Review Conduct frequent work site visits to observe work practices and audit
accidents, injuries, and violations to identify root causes
Train Develop a human factor-based action plan and then involve and train
the miners

63. When Miners & Mine Management are
Risk SLAMMERS
together they
Make the RIGHT Decision and…