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2. Comprehension

3. Introduction
• In our academic life , questions are
asked frequently whether they are in
the form of daily test or in exams’
paper. It seems that we “ STUDENTS”
are meant for answering the
questions.

4. • Papers are good agencies to check our ability of answering
the questions. Our paper includes one part which serves for
this purpose.

5. Definition
• In Oxford dictionary;
“It consists of a passage upon which
questions are set to test the students’
ability to understand the content of
the given text and to infer information
and meanings from it.”

6. • This part on one side is a yummy jelly for
some students but at the same time it
becomes a nightmare for others.
• So lets friends discuss the science of
Comprehension, which surely help all of
us in our academics;

7. History
• Here it is word ;
Comprehension , derived from
Latin word “Comprehensio”
that means “seizing or
capturing” .

8. 3 Levels of Comprehension
Literal
• Facts and details
• Rote Learning and Memorization
• Surface understanding
Interpretive
• Drawing inferences
• Tapping into knowledge/experience
• Reading between lines
• Making logic leaps and educated guesses
Applied
• Analyzing
• Synthesizing
• Applying

9. Importance of Comprehension
Increase effectiveness of reading and helps not only
academically but professionally also.
Comprehension construct meaning form the text.
Students cannot master complex scientific concepts without it.
Skilled readers don’t just read the text, they interact with the
text

10. Comprehension increase Reading Speed
Helps students to Ace the standardized state test
This ability help to accurately interpret and analyze written
information
It make us extract main idea and draw conclusion from text.

11. • As we know that an alphabet is a standard
set of letters that represent the phonemes
of any spoken language i.e. a
e
i
o
u
• Alphabets join in a specific way to form
meaningful words. It is single distinct
meaningful element of speech or writing.

12. The ‘word’ may have a meaning in one
context, and another meaning in other context
“ You should be fair in your studies.” “Her complex is fair .”

13. Sentence
• Whereas words join to form sentences.
Sentence contains
1. Subject
2. Predicate
• It conveys a statement, command, or question.

14. Paragraph
• Sentences join to form a Paragraph is most organized form of
writings i.e. essays paragraphs contain topic sentence
Paragraph
Para Beside
Graphein Write

15. Reading Skill is a Multipurpose Skill that deals
with other skills like
Listening
Speaking
Writing
Thinking
Communicating

16. Comparison between
Reading
1. It is multifaceted process
involving word, recognition,
comprehension, fluency and
motivation.
2. It takes long time.
3. Context may be understand or
not
Reading Skill
1. It is ability to understand
written text.
2. it takes less time.
3. Context is understood within
short time

17. 1. It consists of a passage upon which questions are asked to test the
abilities of the students .
2. To check how much they understand the text .

18. Skills required for Comprehension and
Developing concentration

19. It is rapid reading assisted by key words to locate specific pieces of information
.
1- SCANNING

20. It is rapid reading focusing on TITLES , SUBTITLES AND HEADING .
2- SKIMMING

21. It aims to get a fairly accurate picture of whole presentation of ideas.
3- EXPLORATORY READING

22. Reader must get maximum understanding of main ideas and their relationship.
4- CLOSE READING

23. In it we Question , Analyze and Evaluate the text .
5- CRITICAL READING

24. In it we use Critical Thinking Skills. There is careful attention to each WORD and
its importance in relation to OTHER WORDS.
6- ANALYTICAL READING

25. It refers to comprehensive reading
program which consists of several
periods or stages.
7- DEVELOPMENTAL READING

26. PRINCIPLES ONE MUST KEEP IN MIND !!!

27. These are some basic principles one must keep
in mind while attempting comprehension
passage :
• 1- Mark important points
• 2- Decide basic theme
• 3- Reread the passage and form basic ARGUMENT
PASSAGE

28. •4- Keep your brain activity
involved
•5- Make meaning out of data
•6- Approach paragraph with
confidence
<continued>

30. Oxford Dictionary
Etymology Dictionary
Oakhill, J. and Chain, K.(2016) Supporting Reading Comprehension
development : From research to practice – Perspectives on language and
literacy 42 (2)
Snow, C.E, Burns, S.M, Griffin, P. Editors
Longman Dictionary of Applied Linguistics
Merriam-Webster
Skills by Andrew M.I ,LeeJ.D.
Tierney , R.J.(1982). Essential considerations for developing basic reading
Comprehension skills. School Physiology Review 11(3), pp. 299-305
REFERENCES