2. C Language
A high-level programming language developed by Dennis
Ritchie at Bell Labs in the mid 1970s. Although originally
designed as a systems programming language, C has proved
to be a powerful and flexible language that can be used for a
variety of apllications, from business programs to
engineering. C is a particularly popular language for personal
computer programmers because it is relatively small -- it
requires less memory than other languages.
The first major program written in C was the UNIX operating
system, and for many years C was considered to be
inextricably linked with UNIX. Now, however, C is an
important language independent of UNIX.
Although it is a high-level language, C is much closer
to assembly language than are most other high-level
languages. This closeness to the underlying machine
language allows C programmers to write very efficient code.
The low-level nature of C, however, can make the language
difficult to use for some types of applications.
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3. C language is a computer programming language
that was developed in 1972. It is used to develop
application and system software, and has lead to
the development of other languages, including
C++.
C is a high-level programming language that was
developed in the mid-1970s. It was originally used
for writing Unix programs, but is now used to write
applications for nearly every available platform.
Compared to most previous languages, C is
easier to read, more flexible (can be used for a
wide variety of purposes), and more efficient at
using memory. http://emglobio.mdl2.com/
4. C++, pronounced "C plus plus," is a
programming language that was built off the C
language. The syntax of C++ is nearly identical
to C, but it has object-oriented features, which
allow the programmer to create objects within
the code. This makes programming easier,
more efficient, and some would even say,
more fun. Because of the power and flexibility
of the language, most software programs
today are written in C++.
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5. SWITCH CASE STATEMENTS
In programming,
a switch, case, select or inspect statement is a type of
selection control mechanism that exists in
most imperative programming languages. It is also
included in several other types of languages. Its purpose
is to allow the value of a variable or expression to control
the flow of program execution via a multiway branch (or
“go to", one of several labels). The main reasons for
using a switch include improving clarity, by reducing
otherwise repetitive coding, and (if the heuristics permit)
also offering the potential for faster execution through
easier complier optimization in many cases.
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6. Unlike if-then and if-then-else statements,
the switch statement can have a number of
possible execution paths. A switch works with
the byte, short, char, andint primitive data
types. It also works with enumerated types.
(programming)switch statement - (Or case
statement, multi-way branch) A construct found
in most high-level languages for selecting one
of several possible blocks of code or branch
destinations depending on the value of an
expression.
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9. C/C++ has a built-in multiple-branch selection
statement, called switch, which successively tests the
value of an expression against a list of integer
or character constants. When a match is found, the
statements associated with that constant are executed.
The expression must evaluate to a character or integer
value. Floating-point expressions, for example, are not
allowed. The value of expression is tested, in order,
against the values of the constants specified in the
case statements. When a match is found, the statement
sequence associated with that case is executed until
the break statement or the end of the switch statement
is reached. The default statement is executed if no
matches are found. The default is optional and, if it is
not present, no action takes place if all matches fail.
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10. LOOPING STATEMENTS
In computer science a for loop is a programming language
statement which allows code to be repeatedly executed. A for
loop is classified as an iteration statement.
Unlike many other kinds of loops, such as the while loop, the
for loop is often distinguished by an explicit loop counter or
loop variable. This allows the body of the for loop (the code
that is being repeatedly executed) to know about the
sequencing of each iteration. For loops are also typically used
when the number of iterations is known before entering the
loop. For loops are the shorthand way to make loops when
the number of iterations is known, as a for loop can be written
as a while loop.
The name for loop comes from the English word for, which is
used as the keyword in most programming languages to
introduce a for loop. The loop body is executed "for" the given
values of the loop variable, though this is more explicit in
the ALGOL version of the statement, in which a list of possible
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values and/or increments can be specified.
11. Very often when you write code, you want the
same block of code to run a number of times.
You can use looping statements in your code
to do this.
In JavaScript we have the following looping
statements:
while - loops through a block of code while a
condition is true
do...while - loops through a block of code
once, and then repeats the loop while a
condition is true
for - run statements a specified number of
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12. A loop is a way of repeating a statement a number
of times until some way of ending the loop occurs.
It might be run for a preset number of times,
typically in a for loop, repeated as long as
an expression is true (a while loop) or repeated
until an expression becomes false in a do
while loop.
Using a label, a Goto Statement can also create a
loop by jumping backwards to a label though this
is generally discouraged as a bad programming
practice. For some complex code it allows a jump
to a common exit point that simplifies the code.
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15. By using special loop keywords,you can loop
(jumping for those assembly junkies) through
your code. These include following categories:
1. for loop
2. while loop
3. do while.
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16. The for statement allows for the controlled
loop. The syntax for for loop is as follows: for
(start condition; continue condition; re-
evaluation)
program statement.
For repeating C statements whiles a condition
is true,the while provides a the necessary
mechanism. The syntax for while loop is as
follows: while (condition)
program statement.
17. The do {} while statement allows a loop to
continue whilst a condition evaluates as TRUE
(non-zero value). The loop will exacute at least
once The syntax is as follows: do {
/* do stuff */
} while (statement)
The do statement is similar to the while statement
except that its termination condition is at the end
of the body of the loop only. Thus, you want to use
a do statement,if you want to perform the body of
the loop at least once, regardless of the condition.
