1) The document discusses methods for cleaning up oil spills, including booms and skimmers. Booms are used to contain spilled oil and direct it, while skimmers are devices that remove oil from water surfaces.
2) There are different types of booms and skimmers. Booms include fence, round, and inflatable booms. Skimmers include weir, oleophilic, and non-oleophilic skimmers.
3) Proper oil spill cleanup depends on factors like oil type, water temperature, and shoreline. The document reviews how booms and different skimmer types work to help address oil spills.
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3.
An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum
hydrocarbon into the environment, especially marine
areas, due to human activity, and is a form of
pollution.
The term is usually applied to marine oil spills,
where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters,
but spills may also occur on land
Introduction
4.
Oil spills may be due to releases of crude oil from tankers,
offshore platforms, drilling rigs and wells, as well as spills
of refined petroleum products (such as gasoline, diesel)
and their by-products, heavier fuels used by large ships
such as bunker fuel, or the spill of any oily refuse or waste
oil.
Oil spills can have disastrous consequences for society;
economically, environmentally, and socially. As a result,
oil spill accidents have initiated intense media attention
and political uproar, bringing many together in a political
struggle concerning government response to oil spills and
what actions can best prevent them from happening.
Cont’d…
6.
Gulf War oil spill
The worst oil spill in history, the Gulf War oil spill spewed an
estimated 8 million barrels of oil into the Persian Gulf after Iraqi
forces opened valves of oil wells and pipelines as they retreated
from Kuwait in 1991. The oil slick reached a maximum size of
101 miles by 42 miles and was five inches thick.
The capacity of spill is about 1,360,000 -1,500,000 tons of crude
oil.
The most worst oil spill case
8.
Cleanup and recovery from an oil spill is difficult
and depends upon many factors, including the type
of oil spilled, the temperature of the water (affecting
evaporation and biodegradation), and the types of
shorelines and beaches involved.
Here are some examples of clean up method that
commonly use for oil spill recovery:
i. Boom
ii. Skimmers
Oil spill clean up operations
9.
Containment booms are used to control the spread of
oil to reduce the possibility of polluting shorelines
and other resources, as well as to concentrate oil in
thicker surface layers, making recovery easier.
In addition, booms may be used to divert and
channel oil slicks along desired paths, making them
easier to remove from the surface of the water.
Boom method
10.
Booms can be divided into several basic types.
I. Fence booms have a high freeboard and a flat flotation device,
making them least effective in rough water, where wave and
wind action can cause the boom to twist.
II. Round or curtain booms have a more circular flotation device
and a continuous skirt. They perform well in rough water, but
are more difficult to clean and store than fence booms.
III. Non-rigid or inflatable booms come in many shapes. They
are easy to clean and store, and they perform well in rough
seas. However, they tend to be expensive, more complicated
to use, and puncture and deflate easily.
All boom types are greatly affected by the conditions on the water;
the higher the waves swell, the less effective booms become.
11.
Fence boom
• An external
floatation fence
boom with
external
floatation and
ballast.
• Mooring point
are located at
intervals along
its lower length.
12.
Round or curtain booms
• A solid
floatation
curtain boom
with external
ballast.
13.
Non-rigid or inflatable booms
• An inflatable
curtain boom
with a combine
ballast and
tension chain
fitted in an
integral pocket
attached to the
bottom skirt.
14.
In additional
Shore sealing boom
• Intertidal shore
sealing boom
• Upper air inflation
pocket to allow
floatation.
• Lower water filled
pockets is to
provide ballast
when floating to
ensure a good seal
with the substrate
at low tide.
16.
Skimmers are boats and other devices that can
remove oil from the sea surface before it reaches
sensitive areas along a coastline.
A common application is removing oil floating on
water.
Requires calm waters at all times during the process.
Some of skimmers are done by two boats that will
tow a collection boom, allowing oil to concentrate
within the boom, where it is then picked up by a
skimmer.
Skimmers method
17.
Oil skimmers are commonly found in three types:
I. Weir
II. Oleophilic
III. Non-oleophilic
Types of skimmer
18.
Weir skimmers function by allowing the oil floating
on the surface of the water to flow over a weir.
The height of the weir may be adjustable. These
devices will collect water when oil is no longer
present.
Weir skimmers are also available in floating, self-
adjusting variations. These models allow them to be
effectively used even in changing water levels.
Weir skimmer
19.
• Oiled water is drawn over a weir, or small dam, that holds the
water (below the oil) back and skims the oil.
• Floating weir skimmers require a certain depth of oil on the water
to be effective.
20. Oleophilic skimmers function by using a rotating element
such as a drum, to which the oil adheres.
The oil is wiped from the surface of the drum and
collected.
They are very efficient and do not pick up any
appreciable amounts of water even when oil is not
present.
Oleophilic skimmers are distinguished not by their
operation but by the component used to collect the oil.
Ropes, discs, or drums are treated with a substance or
otherwise manufactured to adhere to oil.
Oleophilic skimmer
22.
Non-oleophilic skimmers are distinguished by the
component used to collect the oil. A metal disc, belt
or drum is used in applications where an oleophilic
material is inappropriate, such as in a hot alkaline
aqueous parts washer.
The skimmer is generally turned off whenever there
is no oil to skim thus minimizing the amount of
water collected.
Metal skimming elements are nearly as efficient as
oleophilic skimmers when oil is present.
Non-oleophilic
24.
Animation b-roll about Oil spill prevention amd
responce plan (OSR)
Full Scale Oil Skimmer Demonstration
Video
25.
Oil spill contribute the worst destruction to marine
ecosystem, which is give an impact to the living
things.
But every accident oil spill at sea are caused by
human beings themselves. therefore, the efficiency in
dealing with such problems is very important to
protect the environment for future.
Each method that has been designed for the cleaning
process to oil spills at sea is dependent on the
suitability and situation in the disaster area.
Conclusion
26.
ITOPF (2012), use of skimmers in oil pollution response,
http://www.ukpandi.com/fileadmin/uploads/uk-pi/Knowledge_Base_-
_International_Conventions/TIP%205%20Use%20of%20Skimmers%20in%20Oil
%20Pollution%20Response.pdf
http://thebigspill.providence.wikispaces.net/file/view/Skimmer_Workings.jp
g/185285929/520x305/Skimmer_Workings.jpg
http://www.envisionschools.org/portfolios/attachments/Davina_Hunt@es-
cat.org/W_Hunt_OilSpillLabB_CERTIFIED.pdf
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=animated+oil+spill+respons
e+plan&page=2
Referance
