EDUP3023 Child Development Topic 4 - Children with Special Needs 4.1.5 Hearing-impaired

1. Hearing Loss
CINDY TAN CHEN YI
TEO WOON CHUN
EDUP3023i CHILD DEVELOPMENT

2. CONCEPT
 A hearing impairment is a hearing loss that prevents a person from
totally receiving sounds through the ear.
 If the loss is mild, the person has difficulty hearing faint or distant
speech.
 A person with this degree of hearing impairment may use a
hearing aid to amplify sounds.
 If the hearing loss is severe, the person may not be able to
distinguish any sounds.
http://ada.ky.gov/hearing_imp_def.htm

3. TYPES OF HEARING
LOSS

4. TYPES OF HEARING LOSS
Types of
hearing loss
Conductive Sensorineural Mixed
http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/Hearing-Loss/

5. CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS
 occurs when sound is not conducted efficiently through the outer
ear canal to the eardrum and the tiny bones (ossicles) of the
middle ear.
 usually involves a reduction in sound level or the ability to hear
faint sounds

6. SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS (SNHL)
 occurs when there is damage to the inner ear (cochlea), or to the
nerve pathways from the inner ear to the brain.
 Most of the time, SNHL cannot be medically or surgically
corrected.
 This is the most common type of permanent hearing loss.

7. MIXED HEARING LOSS
 occurs in combination with a sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)
 damage in the outer or middle ear and in the inner ear (cochlea) or
auditory nerve

8. CAUSES OF HEARING LOSS
Causes of hearing loss
Hearing Loss
at Birth
(Congenital
Hearing
Loss)
Hearing Loss
After Birth
(Acquired
Hearing
Loss)
Ear
Infections
(Otitis
Media)
Noise
Ototoxic
Medications
(Medication
Effects)
Chemical
Exposure
Effects of
Hearing and
Balance

9. HEARING LOSS AT BIRTH (CONGENITAL HEARING
LOSS)
 the hearing loss is present at birth.
 It can be caused by genetic or non-genetic factors.
 There are two types of genetic hearing loss:
 autosomal recessive hearing loss
 both parents (without their knowledge) carry the recessive gene and pass it along to the
child.
 autosomal dominant hearing loss
 an abnormal gene from one parent is able to cause hearing loss even though the
matching gene from the other parent is normal.

10. HEARING LOSS AFTER BIRTH (ACQUIRED HEARING
LOSS)
 a hearing loss that appears after
birth.
 An illness or an injury may cause
this hearing loss such as:
 Ear infections (very common in
children)
 Medications that are toxic to the ear
 Meningitis
 Measles
 Encephalitis
• Chicken pox
• Flu
• Mumps
• Head injury
• Noise exposure

11. EAR INFECTIONS (OTITIS MEDIA)
 Happens when the middle ear (the small space behind the
eardrum) becomes inflamed
 Symptoms:
 Tugging or pulling at the ear
 Crying more than usual
 Fever
 Not responding to sounds
 Trouble sleeping
 Drainage from the ear

12. NOISE
 Sounds that are
louder than 85 dB
can cause
permanent hearing
loss.

13. OTOTOXIC MEDICATIONS (MEDICATION EFFECTS)
 Certain medications can damage the ear, resulting in hearing loss,
ringing in the ear, or balance disorders. These drugs are
considered ototoxic.
 Hearing and balance problems caused by these drugs can
sometimes be reversed when the drug therapy is discontinued.
Sometimes, however, the damage is permanent.
 Effects:
 Ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
 Balance problem
 Affect quality of life

14. EFFECTS OF
HEARING LOSS ON
DEVELOPMENT

15. EFFECTS OF HEARING LOSS ON DEVELOPMENT
Delay in the development of receptive
and expressive communication skills.
The language deficit causes learning
problems that result in reduced
academic achievement.
Communication difficulties often lead to
social isolation and poor self-concept.
Impact on vocational choices.
Effects of hearing loss

16. VOCABULARY
 Children with hearing loss learn concrete words like cat, jump, five,
and red more easily than abstract words like before, after, equal
to, and jealous. They also have difficulty with function words
like the,an, are, and a.
 The gap between the vocabulary of children with normal hearing
and those with hearing loss widens with age. Children with hearing
loss do not catch up without intervention.
 Children with hearing loss have difficulty understanding words with
multiple meanings. For example, the word bank can mean the
edge of a stream or a place where we put money.

17. SENTENCE STRUCTURE
 produce shorter and simpler sentences
 often have difficulty understanding and writing complex sentences,
such as those with relative clauses ("The teacher whom I have for
math was sick today.") or passive voice ("The ball was thrown by
Mary.")
 often cannot hear word endings such as -s or -ed. This leads to
misunderstandings and misuse of verb tense, pluralization,
nonagreement of subject and verb, and possessives.

18. SPEAKING
 often cannot hear quiet speech sounds such as "s," "sh," "f," "t,"
and "k" and therefore do not include them in their speech. Thus,
speech may be difficult to understand.
 Children with hearing loss may not hear their own voices when
they speak.
 They may speak too loudly or not loud enough.
 They may have a speaking pitch that is too high.
 They may sound like they are mumbling because of poor stress,
poor inflection, or poor rate of speaking.

19. SOCIAL FUNCTIONING
 Children with severe to profound hearing losses often report
feeling isolated, without friends, and unhappy in school,
particularly when their socialization with other children with hearing
loss is limited.
 These social problems appear to be more frequent in children with
a mild or moderate hearing losses than in those with a severe to
profound loss.

20. MEDICALTREATMENT AND THERAPY
FOR HEARING IMPAIRED
HEARING
AIDS
COCHLEAR
IMPLANT
Auditory
-Verbal
Therapy
(AVT)

21. HEARING AIDS
 A hearing aid is an electronic device that consists of a microphone,
an amplifier, a loudspeaker and a battery. It increases the volume
of sound entering your ear, so you can hear things more clearly.
 Hearing aids help improve hearing, but don't give you your hearing
back. They're suitable for most people, but may be less effective
for people with profound hearing impairment or certain conditions.

24. BENEFITS OF A COCHLEAR IMPLANT
 Hear better with a cochlear implant than with a hearing aid
 Can focus better when in noisy environments
 Reconnect with missed sounds
 Feel safer in the world
 Talk and hear on the phone
 Enjoy music

25. AUDITORY-VERBAL THERAPY (AVT)
 A specialized type of therapy designed to teach a child to use the
hearing provided by a hearing aid or a cochlear implant for
understanding speech and learning to talk.
 Auditory-Verbal therapy progresses through four levels of auditory
skills:
Detection Discrimination Identification
Comprehentio
n

26. Principles
of AVT
Early
detection
Appropriate
amplification
Parental
participation
Listening to
speak
Integration
result

27. WATCH THE VIDEO AND STATE THE WAYS YOU CAN DO TO OVERCOME STUDENT’S HEARING
IMPAIRMENT PROBLEM.

28. HOW CAN YOU HELP?
 Frequent the use of visual teaching
 Rephrase and repeat the questions
 Listening equipment
 Encourage self-advocacy

29. CONCLUSION

30. THANK YOU.
s o m u c