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Association marocaine des maladies auto-immunes et systémiques
‫والجهازية‬ ‫الذاتية‬ ‫المناعة‬ ‫ألمراض‬ ‫المغربية‬ ‫الجمعية‬
Moroccan Autoimmune and Systemic Diseases Association
‫في‬ ‫نقص‬ ‫و‬ ‫مسبقة‬ ‫أحكام‬‫المرأة‬ ‫يوم‬ ‫بمناسبة‬ ‫الطبية‬ ‫المعلومات‬
، ‫للمرأة‬ ً‫العالم‬ ‫الٌوم‬ ‫بمناسبة‬‫ٌصادف‬ ‫الذي‬8‫مارس‬‫من‬‫كل‬‫سنة‬‫الذاتٌة‬ ‫المناعة‬ ‫ألمراض‬ ‫المغربٌة‬ ‫الجمعٌة‬ ‫تحذر‬ ،‫خدٌجة‬ ‫الدكتورة‬ ‫برئاسة‬ ،
ً‫موس‬‫ا‬‫وال‬ ‫المصور‬ ‫أوجه‬ ‫من‬ ، ‫ر‬‫صور‬‫والحمالت‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫النمطٌة‬.‫ال‬‫ت‬‫وع‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ً‫الطب‬‫ة‬‫الموجهة‬‫للمرأة‬.‫هذا‬‫األمر‬‫صحتهم‬ ‫على‬ ‫سلبٌة‬ ‫عوالب‬ ‫له‬.
‫مثال‬ ‫هنان‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ٌبٌنان‬‫للة‬‫حمالت‬‫بوضوح‬ ‫التوعٌة‬.
‫أمراض‬‫المناعة‬‫مشكل‬ ،‫الذاتية‬‫متجاهل‬‫نساء‬ ‫ست‬ ‫كل‬ ‫من‬ ‫واحدة‬ ‫على‬ ‫تؤثر‬ ‫أنها‬ ‫حين‬ ‫في‬
‫المناعة‬ ‫أمراض‬‫جد‬ ‫الذاتٌة‬‫متعددة‬‫ٌصل‬‫عددها‬ً‫ف‬ ‫النساء‬ ‫تصٌب‬ ‫و‬ ‫المائة‬ ‫إلى‬75‫الحاالت‬ ‫من‬ ٪!‫تتجلى‬‫هذه‬‫األمراض‬ً‫ف‬‫الجهاز‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫خلل‬
‫،نفس‬ ً‫المناع‬‫جهاز‬‫المناعة‬‫ٌكون‬ ‫الذي‬‫على‬ً‫الخارج‬ ‫العدوان‬ ‫من‬ ‫الجسم‬ ‫حماٌة‬ ‫عاتمه‬(‫والبكتٌرٌا‬ ‫الفٌروسات‬...)،‫هدا‬‫الجهاز‬‫ٌنملب‬‫على‬
‫الجسم‬‫و‬ً‫ف‬ ‫ٌبدأ‬‫مهاجمة‬‫مكونات‬‫الجسم‬‫السلٌمة‬‫أنه‬ ‫ضانا‬‫ا‬‫عدو‬ً‫خارج‬-‫ذالن‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫باإلضافة‬‫ما‬ ‫ًا‬‫ب‬‫غال‬‫تستجٌب‬‫هذه‬‫األمراض‬‫إلى‬‫نفس‬
‫العالجٌة‬ ‫االستراتٌجٌات‬.‫وتشمل‬‫هذه‬‫الفئة‬:‫جرٌفز‬ ‫مرض‬(‫الدرلٌة‬ ‫فرط‬)‫م‬ ‫المزمن‬ ‫الدرلٌة‬ ‫الغدة‬ ‫التهاب‬ ،‫رض‬‫هاشٌموتو‬‫الذي‬‫ٌؤدي‬‫إلى‬‫لصور‬
،‫الدرلٌة‬ ‫الغدة‬‫مرض‬‫النوع‬ ‫من‬ ‫السكري‬ ‫داء‬ ، ‫المتعدد‬ ‫التصلب‬ ، ‫الوبٌل‬ ً‫العضل‬ ‫الوهن‬ ،‫الحمراء‬ ‫الذئبة‬1، ‫الروماتوٌدي‬ ‫المفاصل‬ ‫التهاب‬ ،
‫السٌلٌان‬ ‫مرض‬(‫الغلوتٌن‬ ‫تحمل‬ ‫عدم‬)، ‫كرون‬ ‫مرض‬ ،‫متالزمة‬‫شوغرٌن‬...‫وعدٌد‬‫من‬‫أمراض‬‫مناعٌة‬‫ذاتٌة‬‫نادرة‬. .‫عدد‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫التمدٌرات‬ ‫تشٌر‬
‫الذاتٌة‬ ‫المناعة‬ ‫بأمراض‬ ‫المصابات‬ ‫النساء‬‫ٌصل‬‫إلى‬‫من‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫مرة‬ ‫ونصف‬ ‫مرة‬ ‫ونحو‬ ‫الثدي‬ ‫سرطان‬ ‫من‬ ‫ٌعانون‬ ً‫اللوات‬ ‫النساء‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫ضعف‬‫تلن‬
ً‫التاج‬ ‫الشرٌان‬ ‫بمرض‬ ‫المصابات‬!
‫مثال‬‫أمراض‬‫مثال‬ ‫الذاتٌة‬ ‫المناعة‬‫لوي‬‫المساواة‬ ‫عدم‬ ‫على‬‫بٌن‬‫النساء‬‫و‬‫النساء‬ ‫حساب‬ ‫على‬ ‫الرجال‬‫من‬‫الناحٌة‬‫الفسٌولوجٌة‬.‫هذه‬‫اإلشكالٌة‬
‫لكنها‬ ً‫الطب‬ ‫المجتمع‬ ‫لبل‬ ‫من‬ ‫جٌد‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫بها‬ ‫معترف‬‫متجاهلة‬‫كبٌر‬ ‫حد‬ ‫إلى‬‫من‬‫و‬ ،ً‫المغرب‬ ‫الجمهور‬ ‫طرف‬‫ذالن‬‫التغطٌة‬ ‫نمص‬ ‫بسبب‬
‫اإلعالمٌة‬.‫لدالن‬‫توعٌة‬ ‫حمالت‬ ‫موضوع‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫تستحك‬ ً‫فه‬ ،‫على‬‫نطاق‬‫مثل‬ ، ‫للنساء‬ ‫موجهة‬ ‫واسع‬‫ما‬‫هو‬‫الحال‬‫مرض‬ ‫ٌخص‬ ‫ما‬ ً‫ف‬‫السرطان‬
‫النساء‬ ‫األحٌان‬ ‫من‬ ‫كثٌر‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫تهاجم‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫سٌما‬ ‫ال‬ ،ً‫ف‬‫سن‬‫مبكرة‬‫و‬ً‫تعط‬‫األمر‬ ‫بادئ‬ ً‫ف‬‫أعراض‬، ‫ملحوظة‬ ‫غٌر‬‫مع‬‫ظهور‬
‫واختفاء‬‫لهذه‬‫تودي‬ ‫لد‬ ‫األعراض‬‫حتى‬‫إلى‬‫وجود‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫التشكٌن‬‫أصال‬ ‫المرض‬.‫و‬ً‫ا‬‫متأخر‬ ‫تشخٌصهم‬ ‫الوالع‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫ٌكون‬ ‫ما‬ ، ً‫ا‬‫غالب‬.
‫حاليا‬‫أكبر‬‫نسبة‬‫الوفيات‬‫الناتجة‬‫عن‬‫الجلطة‬‫القلبية‬‫النساء‬ ‫تخص‬
‫آخر‬ ‫مثال‬‫على‬‫إخفاق‬‫حمالت‬‫التوعٌة‬‫الصحٌة‬‫احتشاء‬ ‫خطر‬ ‫تخص‬‫عضلة‬‫الملب‬‫الذي‬‫ٌرتبط‬ ‫ٌزال‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ًا‬‫ب‬‫غال‬ً‫ف‬ً‫ف‬ ‫سٌما‬ ‫ال‬ ، ‫التوعٌة‬ ‫الحمالت‬
‫العمر‬ ‫منتصف‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫رجل‬ ‫بمثل‬ ، ‫المغاربٌة‬ ‫المنطمة‬.‫عدم‬ ‫بسبب‬ ‫النساء‬ ‫لدى‬ ‫المرض‬ ‫تشخٌص‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ‫ال‬ ،‫لذلن‬ ‫ونتٌجة‬‫اخذ‬‫شكاوي‬‫بشكل‬ ‫النساء‬‫جدي‬
‫لبل‬‫اندالع‬‫األزمة‬‫الملبٌة‬.‫النساء‬ ‫كون‬ ‫سبب‬ ‫ٌفسر‬ ‫وهذا‬‫ٌشكلن‬‫حالٌا‬56‫من‬ ٪‫الوفٌات‬‫المترتبة‬‫عن‬‫احتشاء‬‫عضلة‬‫الملب‬.‫دراسة‬ ‫أظهرت‬ ‫ولد‬
‫عام‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫مونتلاير‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫ماكجٌل‬ ‫جامعة‬ ‫أجرتها‬2014‫هذا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أٌضا‬"‫التحٌز‬"‫وفما‬ ‫المرٌض‬ ‫مع‬ ‫التعامل‬ ‫كٌفٌة‬ ‫على‬ ً‫وع‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ٌترجم‬ ‫بالمعلومات‬
‫لجنسه‬‫و‬‫ذالن‬‫من‬‫خالل‬‫نمطٌة‬ ‫وصور‬ ‫مسبمة‬ ‫أحكام‬"‫الجنس‬ ‫نوع‬."ً‫ف‬‫هذه‬‫الدراسة‬‫الباحثون‬ ‫طلب‬ ،‫من‬1123‫مرٌض‬‫على‬ ‫ٌرتدون‬
،‫الحادة‬ ً‫التاج‬ ‫الشرٌان‬ ‫متالزمة‬ ‫من‬ ‫جمٌعا‬ ‫ٌعانون‬ ‫و‬ ،‫المستشفٌات‬‫من‬‫استبٌان‬ ‫على‬ ‫اإلجابة‬‫من‬‫بعد‬‫ما‬‫ٌتم‬‫المستشفى‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫دخولهم‬.‫أن‬ ‫النتائج‬ ‫كشفت‬
‫ممارسة‬‫الصورة‬‫البٌانٌة‬‫الكهربائٌة‬‫للملب‬‫الكهربائٌة‬ ‫والصدمات‬‫تكون‬‫الرجال‬ ‫على‬ ‫أسرع‬‫منها‬‫على‬‫النساء‬.‫و‬‫غالبا‬‫ما‬‫ٌكون‬‫المجال‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫العاملون‬
‫ألل‬ ،ً‫الصح‬‫رد‬‫فعل‬‫تجاه‬‫استبعاد‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫مٌال‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫النساء،و‬‫احتشاء‬‫الملب‬ ‫عضلة‬‫عند‬‫النساء‬‫أالم‬ ‫نسب‬ ‫و‬‫الصدر‬‫ٌعانون‬ ‫الذٌن‬‫منها‬‫إلى‬‫الملك‬‫و‬‫إلى‬
ً‫النفس‬ ‫الضعف‬ً‫الجسم‬‫األنثوي‬‫الشهٌر‬!
‫البعد‬ ‫كل‬ ‫بعيدان‬ ‫المثالين‬ ‫هذان‬‫أن‬‫يكونا‬‫الغالب‬ ‫في‬ ‫تتم‬ ، ‫العالجية‬ ‫التجارب‬ ‫سياق‬ ‫في‬ ، ‫السريرية‬ ‫الدراسات‬ ‫أن‬ ‫نعلم‬ ‫عندما‬ ‫هامشيين‬‫على‬‫الرجال‬
‫بيه‬ ‫وموثوق‬ ‫جيد‬ ‫هو‬ ‫ما‬ ‫أن‬ ً‫أ‬‫خط‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ن‬‫ظ‬ ،‫الرجل‬ ‫لدى‬‫هو‬‫جيد‬‫أيضا‬‫بالنسبة‬‫للمرأة‬.‫تخص‬ ‫بسرطانات‬ ‫اإلصابة‬ ‫خطر‬ ‫حول‬ ‫األبحاث‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫أن‬ ‫حتى‬
‫الرجال‬ ‫على‬ ‫حصرا‬ ‫أجريت‬ ‫قد‬ ‫النساء‬!‫لكن‬‫يفرض‬ ‫األوروبي‬ ‫التشريع‬ ‫أصبح‬ ، ‫األخيرة‬ ‫عشرة‬ ‫الخمس‬ ‫السنوات‬ ‫في‬‫إدماج‬‫التجارب‬ ‫في‬ ‫النساء‬
‫السريرية‬.
، ‫عام‬ ‫بشكل‬‫لد‬‫صحتهم‬ ‫بمشاكل‬ ‫النساء‬ ً‫وع‬ ‫لزٌادة‬ ‫المغرب‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫األخٌرة‬ ‫السنوات‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫كبٌرة‬ ‫جهود‬ ‫بذلت‬(، ‫النساء‬ ‫أمراض‬‫مشاكل‬‫سرطان‬ ، ‫الحمل‬
‫إلخ‬ ، ‫التخسٌس‬ ، ‫الثدي‬)‫الصحٌة‬ ‫المضاٌا‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫النساء‬ ً‫وع‬ ‫لزٌادة‬ ‫عمله‬ ‫ٌجب‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫الكثٌر‬ ‫هنان‬ ‫ولكن‬ ،‫الهامة‬‫الصور‬ ‫لبعض‬ ‫حد‬ ‫ووضع‬
‫تزال‬ ‫ال‬ ً‫الت‬ ‫النمطٌة‬‫متنامٌة‬.
Dr MOUSSAYER KHADIJA ‫موسيار‬ ‫خديجة‬ ‫الدكتورة‬
‫اختصاصي‬‫ة‬‫في‬‫الباطني‬ ‫الطب‬‫الشيخوخة‬ ‫أمراض‬ ‫و‬
Spécialiste en médecine interne et en Gériatrie
Présidente de l’Alliance Maladies Rares au Maroc ‫المغرب‬ ‫النادرة‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫ائتالف‬ ‫رئٌسة‬
Présidente de l’association marocaine des maladies auto-immunes et systémiques (AMMAIS)
‫والجهازٌة‬ ‫و‬ ‫الذاتٌة‬ ‫المناعة‬ ‫ألمراض‬ ‫المغربٌة‬ ‫الجمعٌة‬ ‫رئٌسة‬ , Vice-présidente du Groupe de l’Auto-Immunité Marocain (GEAIM)
Chairwoman of the Moroccan Autoimmune and Systemic Diseases Association
Membre de la Société Marocaine de Médecine Interne (SMMI), Vice-présidente de l’association marocaine des intolérants et allergiques au gluten (AMIAG), Vice-présidente de
l'association marocaine de la fièvre méditerranéenne familiale (AMFMF), Vice-présidente de l’association marocaine des malades d’angioedèmes (AMMAO)
‫الرئيسية‬ ‫الكلمات‬:‫المناعة‬ ‫أمراض‬،‫الذاتٌة‬‫ال‬ ‫الٌوم‬ً‫عالم‬،‫للمرأة‬‫المناعة‬ ‫ألمراض‬ ‫المغربٌة‬ ‫الجمعٌة‬،‫الذاتٌة‬‫مرض‬‫نادر‬،‫المغرب‬،‫وزارة‬
‫الصحة‬،،ً‫الباطن‬ ‫الطب‬‫األمراض‬ ‫تحالف‬‫النادرة‬
International Women's Day, March 8, 2019
discriminations and stereotypes of health
information
International Women's Day, March 8, 2019, is an opportunity to warn about inequalities, discrimination and
stereotypes that continue to affect women in medical information and awareness campaigns related to it .
These gaps concern major issues of public health and have a significant impact on the health of women,
particularly in intermediate countries such as Morocco.
AN UNKNOWN PHENOMENON : AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE, A FEMININE
DISEASE THAT REACHES A WOMAN IN SIX DURING THEIR LIFE
This is the subject of autoimmune diseases: these many pathologies ̵; a hundred – concern women in 75%
of cases ! In addition, the third leading cause of morbidity in the world after cardiovascular diseases and
cancers, they affect about 10% of the world population and occupy the second or third position of the health
budget in developed countries. In total, it is estimated that the number of women with autoimmune diseases
is twice as high as that of women with breast cancer and almost one and a half times higher than those
affected by coronary heart disease! This autoimmune phenomenon is a very rare example of physiological
inequality to the detriment of women. It is well recognized by the medical community but largely ignored by
the general public, not only Moroccan but also French to a lesser extent, because it is not better publicized.
It deserves, however, to be the subject of wide awareness campaigns directed at women, such as cancer,
especially since these diseases often attack insidiously young women by presenting beginning of the little
perceptible symptoms, appearing and disappearing and even putting in doubt the existence of an evil. In
fact, their diagnosis is often late.
THE MAJORITY OF DEATHS RELATED TO THE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
CONCERNED TODAY WOMEN
Another example: the risk of myocardial infarction continues too often to be associated in the countryside
sensitization, particularly in the Maghreb, like a middle-aged man. As a result, the disease is under-
diagnosed in women because their complaints are not fully understood before the crisis. This explains why
women now represent of deaths by infarction. A study conducted by McGill University in Montreal in 2014
has indeed shown that this informative "bias" is unconsciously translated by prejudices and "gender"
stereotypes about how to treat a patient by gender. University researchers asked 1,123 hospital patients,
all with acute coronary syndrome, to respond to a questionnaire after admission. The findings revealed that
electrocardiograms and defibrillations were performed faster on men than on women. Health staff, less
responsive to women, was more inclined to rule out the hypothesis of infarction by attributing more easily
the discomfort of a patient and her chest pain to anxiety disorders ( the famous feminine psychosomatic
weakness!)
These two examples are far from anecdotal when we know that clinical studies, in the context of
therapeutic trials, are mostly conducted in male subjects, mistakenly thinking that "what is good and
validated in men is also good for women ". Some research on the risk of gynecological cancers have even
been conducted in men! It has only been 15 years since European legislation required the recruitment of
women in clinical trials .
All in all, significant efforts have been made in recent years to raise awareness, in Morocco and in France,
of women's "female" health problems (gynecology, pregnancy, breast cancer, slimming, etc.), but there is
still much to do to raise women's awareness of certain other major public health issues and to put an end to
certain stereotypes that still have a "hard life." ‘
(Automatic translation from french Via Google)
Mots clés / Key Words : journée internationale des droits des femmes, information médicale, maladies auto-immunes, maladies rares, association
marocaine des maladies auto-immunes et systémiques (AMMAIS), journée internationale des maladies rares, seconde journée nationale des maladies rares au
Maroc, santé publique, santé Maroc, Maghreb, Algérie, Tunisie, Afrique Noire, Sénégal, Côte d’Ivoire, United States of America, American Autoimmune Related
Diseases Association – AARDA, Alliance des Maladies Rares au Maroc (AMRM), Ministère de la Santé, Royaume du Maroc, Médecine interne, féminisme,
égalité homme/femme, OMS, ONU, Autoimmune diseases, myocardial infarction , awareness campaign, underdiagnosed, clinical trials, internal medecine,
,

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Discrimination and stéréotypes of medical information - أحكام مسبقة و نقص في المعلومات الطبية بمناسبة يوم المرأة

  • 1. Association marocaine des maladies auto-immunes et systémiques ‫والجهازية‬ ‫الذاتية‬ ‫المناعة‬ ‫ألمراض‬ ‫المغربية‬ ‫الجمعية‬ Moroccan Autoimmune and Systemic Diseases Association ‫في‬ ‫نقص‬ ‫و‬ ‫مسبقة‬ ‫أحكام‬‫المرأة‬ ‫يوم‬ ‫بمناسبة‬ ‫الطبية‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ، ‫للمرأة‬ ً‫العالم‬ ‫الٌوم‬ ‫بمناسبة‬‫ٌصادف‬ ‫الذي‬8‫مارس‬‫من‬‫كل‬‫سنة‬‫الذاتٌة‬ ‫المناعة‬ ‫ألمراض‬ ‫المغربٌة‬ ‫الجمعٌة‬ ‫تحذر‬ ،‫خدٌجة‬ ‫الدكتورة‬ ‫برئاسة‬ ، ً‫موس‬‫ا‬‫وال‬ ‫المصور‬ ‫أوجه‬ ‫من‬ ، ‫ر‬‫صور‬‫والحمالت‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫النمطٌة‬.‫ال‬‫ت‬‫وع‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ً‫الطب‬‫ة‬‫الموجهة‬‫للمرأة‬.‫هذا‬‫األمر‬‫صحتهم‬ ‫على‬ ‫سلبٌة‬ ‫عوالب‬ ‫له‬. ‫مثال‬ ‫هنان‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ٌبٌنان‬‫للة‬‫حمالت‬‫بوضوح‬ ‫التوعٌة‬. ‫أمراض‬‫المناعة‬‫مشكل‬ ،‫الذاتية‬‫متجاهل‬‫نساء‬ ‫ست‬ ‫كل‬ ‫من‬ ‫واحدة‬ ‫على‬ ‫تؤثر‬ ‫أنها‬ ‫حين‬ ‫في‬ ‫المناعة‬ ‫أمراض‬‫جد‬ ‫الذاتٌة‬‫متعددة‬‫ٌصل‬‫عددها‬ً‫ف‬ ‫النساء‬ ‫تصٌب‬ ‫و‬ ‫المائة‬ ‫إلى‬75‫الحاالت‬ ‫من‬ ٪!‫تتجلى‬‫هذه‬‫األمراض‬ً‫ف‬‫الجهاز‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫خلل‬ ‫،نفس‬ ً‫المناع‬‫جهاز‬‫المناعة‬‫ٌكون‬ ‫الذي‬‫على‬ً‫الخارج‬ ‫العدوان‬ ‫من‬ ‫الجسم‬ ‫حماٌة‬ ‫عاتمه‬(‫والبكتٌرٌا‬ ‫الفٌروسات‬...)،‫هدا‬‫الجهاز‬‫ٌنملب‬‫على‬ ‫الجسم‬‫و‬ً‫ف‬ ‫ٌبدأ‬‫مهاجمة‬‫مكونات‬‫الجسم‬‫السلٌمة‬‫أنه‬ ‫ضانا‬‫ا‬‫عدو‬ً‫خارج‬-‫ذالن‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫باإلضافة‬‫ما‬ ‫ًا‬‫ب‬‫غال‬‫تستجٌب‬‫هذه‬‫األمراض‬‫إلى‬‫نفس‬ ‫العالجٌة‬ ‫االستراتٌجٌات‬.‫وتشمل‬‫هذه‬‫الفئة‬:‫جرٌفز‬ ‫مرض‬(‫الدرلٌة‬ ‫فرط‬)‫م‬ ‫المزمن‬ ‫الدرلٌة‬ ‫الغدة‬ ‫التهاب‬ ،‫رض‬‫هاشٌموتو‬‫الذي‬‫ٌؤدي‬‫إلى‬‫لصور‬ ،‫الدرلٌة‬ ‫الغدة‬‫مرض‬‫النوع‬ ‫من‬ ‫السكري‬ ‫داء‬ ، ‫المتعدد‬ ‫التصلب‬ ، ‫الوبٌل‬ ً‫العضل‬ ‫الوهن‬ ،‫الحمراء‬ ‫الذئبة‬1، ‫الروماتوٌدي‬ ‫المفاصل‬ ‫التهاب‬ ، ‫السٌلٌان‬ ‫مرض‬(‫الغلوتٌن‬ ‫تحمل‬ ‫عدم‬)، ‫كرون‬ ‫مرض‬ ،‫متالزمة‬‫شوغرٌن‬...‫وعدٌد‬‫من‬‫أمراض‬‫مناعٌة‬‫ذاتٌة‬‫نادرة‬. .‫عدد‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫التمدٌرات‬ ‫تشٌر‬ ‫الذاتٌة‬ ‫المناعة‬ ‫بأمراض‬ ‫المصابات‬ ‫النساء‬‫ٌصل‬‫إلى‬‫من‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫مرة‬ ‫ونصف‬ ‫مرة‬ ‫ونحو‬ ‫الثدي‬ ‫سرطان‬ ‫من‬ ‫ٌعانون‬ ً‫اللوات‬ ‫النساء‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫ضعف‬‫تلن‬ ً‫التاج‬ ‫الشرٌان‬ ‫بمرض‬ ‫المصابات‬! ‫مثال‬‫أمراض‬‫مثال‬ ‫الذاتٌة‬ ‫المناعة‬‫لوي‬‫المساواة‬ ‫عدم‬ ‫على‬‫بٌن‬‫النساء‬‫و‬‫النساء‬ ‫حساب‬ ‫على‬ ‫الرجال‬‫من‬‫الناحٌة‬‫الفسٌولوجٌة‬.‫هذه‬‫اإلشكالٌة‬ ‫لكنها‬ ً‫الطب‬ ‫المجتمع‬ ‫لبل‬ ‫من‬ ‫جٌد‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫بها‬ ‫معترف‬‫متجاهلة‬‫كبٌر‬ ‫حد‬ ‫إلى‬‫من‬‫و‬ ،ً‫المغرب‬ ‫الجمهور‬ ‫طرف‬‫ذالن‬‫التغطٌة‬ ‫نمص‬ ‫بسبب‬ ‫اإلعالمٌة‬.‫لدالن‬‫توعٌة‬ ‫حمالت‬ ‫موضوع‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫تستحك‬ ً‫فه‬ ،‫على‬‫نطاق‬‫مثل‬ ، ‫للنساء‬ ‫موجهة‬ ‫واسع‬‫ما‬‫هو‬‫الحال‬‫مرض‬ ‫ٌخص‬ ‫ما‬ ً‫ف‬‫السرطان‬ ‫النساء‬ ‫األحٌان‬ ‫من‬ ‫كثٌر‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫تهاجم‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫سٌما‬ ‫ال‬ ،ً‫ف‬‫سن‬‫مبكرة‬‫و‬ً‫تعط‬‫األمر‬ ‫بادئ‬ ً‫ف‬‫أعراض‬، ‫ملحوظة‬ ‫غٌر‬‫مع‬‫ظهور‬ ‫واختفاء‬‫لهذه‬‫تودي‬ ‫لد‬ ‫األعراض‬‫حتى‬‫إلى‬‫وجود‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫التشكٌن‬‫أصال‬ ‫المرض‬.‫و‬ً‫ا‬‫متأخر‬ ‫تشخٌصهم‬ ‫الوالع‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫ٌكون‬ ‫ما‬ ، ً‫ا‬‫غالب‬. ‫حاليا‬‫أكبر‬‫نسبة‬‫الوفيات‬‫الناتجة‬‫عن‬‫الجلطة‬‫القلبية‬‫النساء‬ ‫تخص‬ ‫آخر‬ ‫مثال‬‫على‬‫إخفاق‬‫حمالت‬‫التوعٌة‬‫الصحٌة‬‫احتشاء‬ ‫خطر‬ ‫تخص‬‫عضلة‬‫الملب‬‫الذي‬‫ٌرتبط‬ ‫ٌزال‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ًا‬‫ب‬‫غال‬ً‫ف‬ً‫ف‬ ‫سٌما‬ ‫ال‬ ، ‫التوعٌة‬ ‫الحمالت‬ ‫العمر‬ ‫منتصف‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫رجل‬ ‫بمثل‬ ، ‫المغاربٌة‬ ‫المنطمة‬.‫عدم‬ ‫بسبب‬ ‫النساء‬ ‫لدى‬ ‫المرض‬ ‫تشخٌص‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ‫ال‬ ،‫لذلن‬ ‫ونتٌجة‬‫اخذ‬‫شكاوي‬‫بشكل‬ ‫النساء‬‫جدي‬ ‫لبل‬‫اندالع‬‫األزمة‬‫الملبٌة‬.‫النساء‬ ‫كون‬ ‫سبب‬ ‫ٌفسر‬ ‫وهذا‬‫ٌشكلن‬‫حالٌا‬56‫من‬ ٪‫الوفٌات‬‫المترتبة‬‫عن‬‫احتشاء‬‫عضلة‬‫الملب‬.‫دراسة‬ ‫أظهرت‬ ‫ولد‬ ‫عام‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫مونتلاير‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫ماكجٌل‬ ‫جامعة‬ ‫أجرتها‬2014‫هذا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أٌضا‬"‫التحٌز‬"‫وفما‬ ‫المرٌض‬ ‫مع‬ ‫التعامل‬ ‫كٌفٌة‬ ‫على‬ ً‫وع‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ٌترجم‬ ‫بالمعلومات‬
  • 2. ‫لجنسه‬‫و‬‫ذالن‬‫من‬‫خالل‬‫نمطٌة‬ ‫وصور‬ ‫مسبمة‬ ‫أحكام‬"‫الجنس‬ ‫نوع‬."ً‫ف‬‫هذه‬‫الدراسة‬‫الباحثون‬ ‫طلب‬ ،‫من‬1123‫مرٌض‬‫على‬ ‫ٌرتدون‬ ،‫الحادة‬ ً‫التاج‬ ‫الشرٌان‬ ‫متالزمة‬ ‫من‬ ‫جمٌعا‬ ‫ٌعانون‬ ‫و‬ ،‫المستشفٌات‬‫من‬‫استبٌان‬ ‫على‬ ‫اإلجابة‬‫من‬‫بعد‬‫ما‬‫ٌتم‬‫المستشفى‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫دخولهم‬.‫أن‬ ‫النتائج‬ ‫كشفت‬ ‫ممارسة‬‫الصورة‬‫البٌانٌة‬‫الكهربائٌة‬‫للملب‬‫الكهربائٌة‬ ‫والصدمات‬‫تكون‬‫الرجال‬ ‫على‬ ‫أسرع‬‫منها‬‫على‬‫النساء‬.‫و‬‫غالبا‬‫ما‬‫ٌكون‬‫المجال‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫العاملون‬ ‫ألل‬ ،ً‫الصح‬‫رد‬‫فعل‬‫تجاه‬‫استبعاد‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫مٌال‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫النساء،و‬‫احتشاء‬‫الملب‬ ‫عضلة‬‫عند‬‫النساء‬‫أالم‬ ‫نسب‬ ‫و‬‫الصدر‬‫ٌعانون‬ ‫الذٌن‬‫منها‬‫إلى‬‫الملك‬‫و‬‫إلى‬ ً‫النفس‬ ‫الضعف‬ً‫الجسم‬‫األنثوي‬‫الشهٌر‬! ‫البعد‬ ‫كل‬ ‫بعيدان‬ ‫المثالين‬ ‫هذان‬‫أن‬‫يكونا‬‫الغالب‬ ‫في‬ ‫تتم‬ ، ‫العالجية‬ ‫التجارب‬ ‫سياق‬ ‫في‬ ، ‫السريرية‬ ‫الدراسات‬ ‫أن‬ ‫نعلم‬ ‫عندما‬ ‫هامشيين‬‫على‬‫الرجال‬ ‫بيه‬ ‫وموثوق‬ ‫جيد‬ ‫هو‬ ‫ما‬ ‫أن‬ ً‫أ‬‫خط‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ن‬‫ظ‬ ،‫الرجل‬ ‫لدى‬‫هو‬‫جيد‬‫أيضا‬‫بالنسبة‬‫للمرأة‬.‫تخص‬ ‫بسرطانات‬ ‫اإلصابة‬ ‫خطر‬ ‫حول‬ ‫األبحاث‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫أن‬ ‫حتى‬ ‫الرجال‬ ‫على‬ ‫حصرا‬ ‫أجريت‬ ‫قد‬ ‫النساء‬!‫لكن‬‫يفرض‬ ‫األوروبي‬ ‫التشريع‬ ‫أصبح‬ ، ‫األخيرة‬ ‫عشرة‬ ‫الخمس‬ ‫السنوات‬ ‫في‬‫إدماج‬‫التجارب‬ ‫في‬ ‫النساء‬ ‫السريرية‬. ، ‫عام‬ ‫بشكل‬‫لد‬‫صحتهم‬ ‫بمشاكل‬ ‫النساء‬ ً‫وع‬ ‫لزٌادة‬ ‫المغرب‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫األخٌرة‬ ‫السنوات‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫كبٌرة‬ ‫جهود‬ ‫بذلت‬(، ‫النساء‬ ‫أمراض‬‫مشاكل‬‫سرطان‬ ، ‫الحمل‬ ‫إلخ‬ ، ‫التخسٌس‬ ، ‫الثدي‬)‫الصحٌة‬ ‫المضاٌا‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫النساء‬ ً‫وع‬ ‫لزٌادة‬ ‫عمله‬ ‫ٌجب‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫الكثٌر‬ ‫هنان‬ ‫ولكن‬ ،‫الهامة‬‫الصور‬ ‫لبعض‬ ‫حد‬ ‫ووضع‬ ‫تزال‬ ‫ال‬ ً‫الت‬ ‫النمطٌة‬‫متنامٌة‬. Dr MOUSSAYER KHADIJA ‫موسيار‬ ‫خديجة‬ ‫الدكتورة‬ ‫اختصاصي‬‫ة‬‫في‬‫الباطني‬ ‫الطب‬‫الشيخوخة‬ ‫أمراض‬ ‫و‬ Spécialiste en médecine interne et en Gériatrie Présidente de l’Alliance Maladies Rares au Maroc ‫المغرب‬ ‫النادرة‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫ائتالف‬ ‫رئٌسة‬ Présidente de l’association marocaine des maladies auto-immunes et systémiques (AMMAIS) ‫والجهازٌة‬ ‫و‬ ‫الذاتٌة‬ ‫المناعة‬ ‫ألمراض‬ ‫المغربٌة‬ ‫الجمعٌة‬ ‫رئٌسة‬ , Vice-présidente du Groupe de l’Auto-Immunité Marocain (GEAIM) Chairwoman of the Moroccan Autoimmune and Systemic Diseases Association Membre de la Société Marocaine de Médecine Interne (SMMI), Vice-présidente de l’association marocaine des intolérants et allergiques au gluten (AMIAG), Vice-présidente de l'association marocaine de la fièvre méditerranéenne familiale (AMFMF), Vice-présidente de l’association marocaine des malades d’angioedèmes (AMMAO) ‫الرئيسية‬ ‫الكلمات‬:‫المناعة‬ ‫أمراض‬،‫الذاتٌة‬‫ال‬ ‫الٌوم‬ً‫عالم‬،‫للمرأة‬‫المناعة‬ ‫ألمراض‬ ‫المغربٌة‬ ‫الجمعٌة‬،‫الذاتٌة‬‫مرض‬‫نادر‬،‫المغرب‬،‫وزارة‬ ‫الصحة‬،،ً‫الباطن‬ ‫الطب‬‫األمراض‬ ‫تحالف‬‫النادرة‬ International Women's Day, March 8, 2019 discriminations and stereotypes of health information International Women's Day, March 8, 2019, is an opportunity to warn about inequalities, discrimination and stereotypes that continue to affect women in medical information and awareness campaigns related to it . These gaps concern major issues of public health and have a significant impact on the health of women, particularly in intermediate countries such as Morocco. AN UNKNOWN PHENOMENON : AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE, A FEMININE DISEASE THAT REACHES A WOMAN IN SIX DURING THEIR LIFE This is the subject of autoimmune diseases: these many pathologies ̵; a hundred – concern women in 75% of cases ! In addition, the third leading cause of morbidity in the world after cardiovascular diseases and cancers, they affect about 10% of the world population and occupy the second or third position of the health budget in developed countries. In total, it is estimated that the number of women with autoimmune diseases is twice as high as that of women with breast cancer and almost one and a half times higher than those affected by coronary heart disease! This autoimmune phenomenon is a very rare example of physiological inequality to the detriment of women. It is well recognized by the medical community but largely ignored by the general public, not only Moroccan but also French to a lesser extent, because it is not better publicized. It deserves, however, to be the subject of wide awareness campaigns directed at women, such as cancer, especially since these diseases often attack insidiously young women by presenting beginning of the little perceptible symptoms, appearing and disappearing and even putting in doubt the existence of an evil. In fact, their diagnosis is often late.
  • 3. THE MAJORITY OF DEATHS RELATED TO THE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION CONCERNED TODAY WOMEN Another example: the risk of myocardial infarction continues too often to be associated in the countryside sensitization, particularly in the Maghreb, like a middle-aged man. As a result, the disease is under- diagnosed in women because their complaints are not fully understood before the crisis. This explains why women now represent of deaths by infarction. A study conducted by McGill University in Montreal in 2014 has indeed shown that this informative "bias" is unconsciously translated by prejudices and "gender" stereotypes about how to treat a patient by gender. University researchers asked 1,123 hospital patients, all with acute coronary syndrome, to respond to a questionnaire after admission. The findings revealed that electrocardiograms and defibrillations were performed faster on men than on women. Health staff, less responsive to women, was more inclined to rule out the hypothesis of infarction by attributing more easily the discomfort of a patient and her chest pain to anxiety disorders ( the famous feminine psychosomatic weakness!) These two examples are far from anecdotal when we know that clinical studies, in the context of therapeutic trials, are mostly conducted in male subjects, mistakenly thinking that "what is good and validated in men is also good for women ". Some research on the risk of gynecological cancers have even been conducted in men! It has only been 15 years since European legislation required the recruitment of women in clinical trials . All in all, significant efforts have been made in recent years to raise awareness, in Morocco and in France, of women's "female" health problems (gynecology, pregnancy, breast cancer, slimming, etc.), but there is still much to do to raise women's awareness of certain other major public health issues and to put an end to certain stereotypes that still have a "hard life." ‘ (Automatic translation from french Via Google) Mots clés / Key Words : journée internationale des droits des femmes, information médicale, maladies auto-immunes, maladies rares, association marocaine des maladies auto-immunes et systémiques (AMMAIS), journée internationale des maladies rares, seconde journée nationale des maladies rares au Maroc, santé publique, santé Maroc, Maghreb, Algérie, Tunisie, Afrique Noire, Sénégal, Côte d’Ivoire, United States of America, American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association – AARDA, Alliance des Maladies Rares au Maroc (AMRM), Ministère de la Santé, Royaume du Maroc, Médecine interne, féminisme, égalité homme/femme, OMS, ONU, Autoimmune diseases, myocardial infarction , awareness campaign, underdiagnosed, clinical trials, internal medecine, ,