2. WHAT IS AIR POLLUTION?
Air pollution is the introduction of
particulates, biological molecules, or other
harmful materials into Earth's atmosphere,
causing diseases, death to humans, damage
to other living organisms such as animals
and food crops, or the natural or built
environment.
3. Air pollution can result from both human and
natural actions. Natural events that pollute
the air include forest fires, volcanic
eruptions, wind erosion, pollen dispersal,
evaporation of organic compounds and
natural radioactivity. Pollution from natural
occurrences are not very often.
4.
5. 1. Burning of Fossil Fuels
Sulfur dioxide emitted from the combustion of fossil fuels
like coal, petroleum and other factory combustibles are
some of the major cause of air pollution. Pollution emitting
from vehicles including trucks, jeeps, cars, trains, airplanes,
ship cause an immense amount of pollution .
CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION
6. 2. AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
Ammonia is a very common product from
agriculture related activities and is one of the
most hazardous gases in the atmosphere. Use
of insecticides, pesticides and fertilizers in
agricultural activities has grown quite a lot.
7. 3. EXHAUST FROM FACTORIES AND INDUSTRIES
Manufacturing industries release large
amounts of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons,
organic compounds, and chemicals into the
air thereby depleting the quality of air.
8. 4. INDOOR AIR POLLUTION
Household cleaning products, painting supplies
emit toxic chemicals in the air and cause air
pollution.
10. 4. EFFECT ON WILDLIFE
Just like humans, animals also
face some devastating affects
of air pollution.
Toxic chemicals present in the
air can force wildlife species to
move to new places and
change their habitats. The toxic
pollutants deposited over the
surface of the water can also
affect animals
11. 5. DEPLETION OF OZONE LAYER
Ozone exists in earth’s
stratosphere and is
responsible for protecting
humans from harmful
ultraviolet (UV) rays.
Earth’s ozone layer is
depleting due to the
presence of
chlorofluorocarbons,
hydro chlorofluorocarbons
in the atmosphere
12. THIS IS HOW OUR WORLD WILL LOOK LIKE IF WE CONTIN
POLLUTING THE EARTH LIKE WE DO NOW
13.
14.
15. KOLKATA CASE STUDY
Kolkata, one of the fastest growing metropolises in India has been suffering from
air pollution for many decades.
The rapid urbanization coupled with ineffective government control has been
fuelling this problem. The study aims to portray the current air pollution situation
in this megacity as it analyses the present level of different air pollutants like
Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), NO2 and SO2.
The result of the analysis shows the critical level of air pollutants specially the
SPM and NO2 in different parts of city.
By zoning the city into residential, commercial and industrial areas, the result
shows the difference between the levels of pollution in each area.
The second part of the study explored the seasonal variation of air pollution and
it has been found all of the pollutants reach its highest concentration during
winter.
Extending the study, the paper also tries to establish the relationship between
the air pollutants and metrological factors by using the Spearman’s Rank
Correlation.
The results show an inverse relation between the concentration of pollutants
and the metrological factors such as precipitation, wind, temperature and relative
humidity.
16. DELHI CASE STUDY
Air pollution is responsible for many health problems in the urban
areas. Of late, the air pollution status in Delhi has undergone
many changes in terms of the levels of pollutants and the control
measures taken to reduce them. This paper provides an
evidence-based insight into the status of air pollution in Delhi and
its effects on health and control measures instituted. The urban
air database released by the World Health Organization in
September 2011 reported that Delhi has exceeded the maximum
PM10 limit by almost 10-times at 198 μg/m3. Vehicular emissions
and industrial activities were found to be associated with indoor
as well as outdoor air pollution in Delhi. Studies on air pollution
and mortality from Delhi found that all-natural-cause mortality and
morbidity increased with increased air pollution. Delhi has taken
several steps to reduce the level of air pollution in the city during
the last 10 years. However, more still needs to be done to further
reduce the levels of air pollution.
