2. Anthropology
- is the scientific study of the origin, the behavior, and the
physical, social, and cultural development of humans.
3. Anthropology is holistic comparative, field-based, and
evolutionary. These regions of Anthropology shape one
another and become integrated over time. Historically it
was seen as "the study of others," meaning foreign
cultures, but using the term "others" imposed false
thoughts of "civilized versus savagery." These dualistic
views have often caused wars or even genocide. Now,
anthropologists strive to uncover the mysteries of these
foreign cultures and eliminate the prejudice that it first
created.
4.
5. Biological Anthropology
(also: Physical Anthropology):Specific type of
Anthropology that studies humanity through the
body as a biological organism, using genetics,
human ancestry, primates, and the ability to
6. Archaeology
The study and interpretation of ancient humans,
history, and culture, through examination of the
artifacts and remains they left behind. Such as the
of the Egyptian culture through the examination of
grave sites, the pyramids and the tombs in the
Kings. Through this branch, anthropologists
much about human history; particularly prehistoric
the long stretch of time before the development of
writing.
7. Linguistic Anthropology
Examines human languages: how they work, how
are made, how they change, and how they die and
later revived. Linguistic anthropologists try to
understand the language in relation to the broader
cultural, historical, or biological contexts that
possible. The study of linguistics includes
phonemes, morphemes, syntax, semantics, and
pragmatics. They look at linguistic features of
communication, which includes any verbal
well as non-linguistic features, which would
movements, eye contact, the cultural context, and
8. Applied Anthropology
Includes the fields of Applied Medical
Urban Anthropology, Anthropological Economics,
Contract Archaeology and others. Applied
is simply the practice of applying anthropological
and or methods from any of the fields of
to solve human problems. For example, applied
anthropology is often used when trying to
the ancestry of an unearthed native American
Biological anthropology can be used to test the
the body and see if the DNA of the burial has any
similarities to living populations.
9. Cultural Anthropology
(also: sociocultural anthropology, social
or ethnology) Studies contemporary human
and how these cultures are shaped or shape the
around them. They also focus a lot on the
human behavior and emotions. Cultural
often conduct research by spending time living in
observing the community they study (fieldwork) .
10. What is Culture?
Culture is the patterns of learned and shared
behavior and beliefs of a particular social, ethnic,
or age group. It can also be described as the
complex whole of collective human beliefs with a
structured stage of civilization that can be specific
to a nation or time period. Humans in turn use
culture to adapt and transform the world they live
in.
11. Culture is:
•Learned through active teaching, and passive
•Shared meaning that it defines a group and
common needs.
•Patterned meaning that that there is a recourse
similar ideas. Related cultural beliefs and
up repeatedly in different areas of social life.
•Adaptive which helps individuals meet needs
variable environments.
•Symbolic which means that there are simple and
arbitrary signs that represent something else,
something more.
12. Levels of culture
• Familial culture-Familial culture is how you
express culture as a family through traditions,
beliefs, and other areas. Many aspects can
family culture such as religion, and the
around you.
• Micro or Subculture- distinct groups within a
larger group that share some sort of common
activity or language that ties them together and
differentiates them from the larger group.
13. • Cultural universals are common elements that
exists in every human culture yet varies from
ethnic groups. This includes attributes such as
and modes of behavior. Examples of elements
may be considered cultural universals are gender
roles, the incest taboo, religious and healing
mythology, marriage, language, art, dance,
cooking, games, jokes, sports, birth and death
because they involve some sort of ritual
accompanying them, etc.
14. Two Views of Culture
• Etic-An etic view of a culture is the perspective
of an outsider looking in.
• Emic-An emic view of culture is ultimately a
perspective focus on the intrinsic cultural
that are meaningful to the members of a given
often considered to be an 'insider’s' perspective.
15. Components of Culture
Culture is transmitted within a society to
succeeding generations by imitation, instruction,
example. It is learned, not biological, and has
to do with instinct or with genes. As members of
group, individuals acquire integrated sets of
behavioral patterns, environmental and social
perceptions, and knowledge of existing
Of necessity, we learn the culture in which we
and reared.
16. Fundamental Cultural Variables
1.Culture traits
-are units of learned behavior ranging from the
spoken to the tools used or to the games played.
2. Culture complex
- an individual culture traits that are functionally
interrelated.
3. A culture system
may be recognized as a larger spatial reality and
generalization. Multiethnic societies, perhaps further
subdivided by linguistic differences, varied food
and a host of other internal differentiations.
17. 4.Culture region
a portion of the earth's surface occupied by people sharing
recognizable and distinctive cultural characteristics.
Example:
-political organizations societies devise, their religions, their
economy, their clothing, eating utensils, housing
5.Culture realms-
are, in a sense, culture regions at the broadtest scale of
generalization.
