3. INTRODUCTION
• Coffee is a short day plant.
• It originated from Ethopia.
• Flowering occurs in September-March.
• Fruit is drupe, contains 2 seeds.
• Coffee is one of the most economically important crops worldwide.
• The two main species commercially cultivated are Coffea
canephora (predominantly a form known as 'robusta') and C. arabica
4.
5. DISEASES OF COFFEE
Leaf Rust of Coffee
Berry Blotch
Anthracnose/Die Back
Black Rot
Collar rot /Damping off
Brown root rot
6. LEAF RUST OF COFFEE
Most destructive disease of coffee.
Caused by 2 species of Hemileia , H.vastatrix. and H. coffiecola.
Favorable conditions:
Wet weather with wind during May to November, intermittent rain and sunshine, mist or rain
during dry weather from November to March, thin or no over head shade are the favorable
factors for the disease development
Under suitable conditions, the disease makes its appearance on those foliages having rust spots
in dormant state after blossom showers in March-April.
7. SYMPTOMS
• Small pale-yellow spots on the lower surface of infected leaves,
orange-yellow spore mass appears, defoliation and die-back.
• Results in serious crop loss and causes fluctuations in
production
Urediniospores; bar
= 10 µm
Defoliation of plant
caused by leaf rust.
8. Pathogen
The mycelium is intercellular and sends
haustoria into the cells.
The mycelium sends out erumpent stalks
through stomata which bear the
uredospores.
The uredospores are reniform or orange
segment like in shape.The convex side of
the spores are echinulated and the lower
side is smooth and measure 26 – 40 x 20 –
30 micron meter.
The telial stage succeeds the uredial
stage in the later stage
Disease cycle
9. MANAGEMENT
Cultural Practices
Increased planting space.
Maintenance of optimum shade.
Applying balanced nutrition.
Pruning after the harvest and
before the blossom shower under
dry conditions helps to reduce the
initial inoculum of coffee rust.
Biological Practices
Verticillum hemeleia is known to
cover the rust uredeospores and
lesion with white mycelial mass.
10. Freshly prepared bordeaux mixture @ 0.5% with proper coverage on the
under surface of foliage before the onset of southwest monsoon
Spray triademefon @80g/100 ltr to highly susceptible population of arabica
cultivars during break in monsoon.
Resistant varieties:- sln.5B,sln.6,sln.9,Cauvery and Chandragiri.
CHEMICAL CONTROL
11. BERRY BLOTCH
Caused by Cercospora coffeicola.
Symptoms:
Dark brown ,irregular ,slightly sunken necrotic spots
are observed on the exposed surface of the green
berries.
Necrotic Spots enlarge in size and cover a major
portion of berry surface.
Fruit skin of the affected berries shows a purple halo
around the necrotic spots.
12. SYMPTOMS OF BERRY BLOTCH
Cercospora leaf spot
symptoms on coffee
Cercospora lesions on coffee leaves
Berry
blotch
caused
by
Cercosp
ora
infection
Cercospora
symptoms on coffee
plant
13. BERRY BLOTCH
Pathogen:
Cercospora coffeicola conidiophores are short, fasiculate and olivaceous.
Conidia are subcylindrical, hyaline, 2-3 septate and 40-60x 3.5 micron meter in
size.
Mode of spread and Survival
The pathogen is seed borne and conidia are spread by wind.
14. MANAGEMENT
Maintain good overhead shade to avoid sun injury on the berries especially
in the western slope.
Take adequate care to apply balanced nutrients to maintain vigour of the
bushes by retaining the foliage
Spray the developing berries with bordeaux mixture@1%.
15. DIE BACK /ANTHRACNOSE
Collectorichum coffeanum
Symptoms:
On leaves circular to grayish spots of 2-3 m in dia.
On berries small dark coloured sunken spots are farmed. Beans become brown. Die
back also occurs.
16. DIE BACK/ANTHRACNOSE
Mode of Spread and
Survival
The fungus occurs as a saprophyte on dead
tissue on the outer layer of the bark, which
provides the major source of inoculum.
It release large numbers of water borne
conidia during the wet season. Conidia are
spread by rain water percolating through the
canopy and rain splash can disperse conidia
between trees.
Long distance dispersal occurs primarily by
the carriage of conidia on passive vectors such
as birds, machinery etc.
Management
Maintaining adequate overhead shade to
protect the bush from sun scalding
Take up mulching of leaf litter around the
base of the plants to avoid soil moisture
stress during dry weather.
Severely affected blocks to be protected
by spraying carbendazim @ 0.05% during
February-March (Preblossom) for avoiding
further advancement of disease.
17. BLACK ROT/DAMPING OFF
In India it occurs in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
In south India the disease is severe only in those areas
growing with C. arabica.
It is influenced by south west monsoon period from June –
Sept.
Symptoms:
Blackening and rotting of affected leaves, young twigs and
berries.
Affected leaves get detached and hang down by means of
slimy fungal strands. Defoliation and berry drop occur.
18. BLACK ROT/DAMPING OFF
Mode of Spread and Survival
The pathogen penetrates the leaves
through the stomata on the lower
side and the hyphae invade
intercellularly in the palisade tissue.
The fungus mostly spreads by contact
from leaf to leaf through the
vegetative mycelium.
The pathogen spread through
infected plant debris. Mycelium lies in
twigs throughout year
Favourable Conditions
Continuous monsoon without long
dry spell.
RH> 95-100%.
Primary spread is through contact
b/w leaf to leaf by vegetative
mycelium.
Secondary spread by means of
basidiospores.
19. MANAGEMENT
Pruning and centering of bushes.
Removal of infected leaves and berries.
Thinning of overhead shade in infected plots.
Application of Bordeaux mixture@1% during on leaves and also developing
berries before the onset of monsoon.
Carbendazim @ 0.03% during break in monsoon(45 days after 1st spray) ,spray
must be taken only after the removal of infected berries and leaves.
Providing required amount of sunlight and air.
20. COLLAR ROT
Caused by Rhizoctonia solani.
Attacks on seedlings of both germination beds and secondary poly bags.
Favorable conditions include hot and humid weather
Incidence is reported in almost all coffee growing countries
Symptoms:
The pathogen attacks both seeds and seedlings in the following two stages
Pre-emergence stage:
The pathogen invade embryo and endosperm of the seed on the germination beds
and consequent of which seeds rot, disintegrate and fails to germinate.
21. Post emergence stage:
Seedlings show brown to black discoloration at the collar region of the stem near the ground; leading
to rotting of the tissues and death of the seedlings.
Management:
Site of germination beds in nursery to be changed at least once in 2-3 years.
Treat seeds with carbendazim at rate of 1g/kg.
Avoid overcrowding of seedlings.
Avoid excessive watering to the seedbeds and maintain required filtered light using 50% poly shade
net.
Mancozeb M-45 @0.4% can be used to prevent further spread.
22. BROWN ROOT ROT
Caused by Phellinus noxius.
Also called as ‘stump root’.
Symptoms:
Aerial symptoms of affected plants show gradual wilting of foliage, followed by
chlorosis, then browning and defoliation leading to death of the entire plant.
The colonization of mycelia mostly confined to lateral and tap roots near the
collar region.
At later stage, stem near the ground becomes spongy and soft.The surface of the
affected root show brown wooly mycelia or in brown crusts.
23. MANAGEMENT
Uproot and destroy the affected shade trees and coffee plants to reduce the
inoculum.
Remove the fallen logs and shade tree stumps from the coffee plantation.
Isolate the affected area and one row of the apparently healthy adjoining plants all
around with 60 cm deep and 15 cm wide trenches. Soil taken out from the trenches
to be placed in side.
Treat apparently healthy/plants of initial infection inside the trenches With
Trichoderma viride/T. harzianum and well composted farm yard manure
(Trichoderma sp. -125 g and compost 3 kg.) twice in a year when sufficient moisture
exist in soil or soil drenching of carbendazim solution (8g/1 liter) @ 2-3 liter/ plant at
collar region twice in a year (pre and post monsoon) is also recommended for
treating root disease affected plants of initial stage.
