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Visual C++ 2005 上開發 C++ 程式與 Boost Library 使用技巧 Birdman/ [email_address]

About Me ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

前言 ,[object Object],[object Object]

Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

1. C++ 的美麗與哀愁 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

C++ 的特性 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

旅居地球的 C++ Masters ,[object Object],[object Object],Nicolai M. Josuttis Daveed Vandevoorde David R. Musser Todd Veldhuizen Bjarne Stroustrup Stan Lippman Andrei Alexandrescu Scott Meyers Herb Sutter

C++ 與 Library ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

C++ 小測驗 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],template< int bit_size > struct integer { typedef mpl::list<char,short,int,long> builtins_; typedef typename mpl::base< typename mpl::lower_bound< mpl::transform_view< builtins_ , mpl::multiplies< mpl::sizeof_<_1>, mpl::int_<8> > > , mpl::int_<bit_size> >::type >::type iter_; typedef typename mpl::end<builtins_>::type last_; typedef typename mpl::eval_if< boost::is_same<iter_,last_> , mpl::identity< big_int<bit_size> > , mpl::deref<iter_> >::type type ; };

2. 你的新武器 Boost Library ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

3. Visual C++ 使用 Boost ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],這個目錄就是 Source 所在位置各 Library 文件與說明放這邊

4. 第一次 Boost 親密接觸 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Part 1: 字串處理 ,[object Object],[object Object]

Boost String Algorithms Library ,[object Object],#include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp> using namespace boost::algorithm; int main() { string str1("Visual C++, Boost, Birdman"); vector< string > SplitVec; split ( SplitVec, str1, is_any_of (",") ); } for( int i=0;i<SplitVec.size();i++){ cout <<SplitVec[i] <<endl; } copy( SplitVec.begin(), SplitVec.end(), ostream_iterator<string>(cout, ""));

還有更多 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

數字轉字串 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Boost::lexical_cast ,[object Object],[object Object],123 = lexical_cast< int >("123") 123 = lexical_cast< int >(L"123") 1.23 = lexical_cast< double >("1.23") true = lexical_cast< bool >('1') false = lexical_cast< bool >('0') “ 1.23” = lexical_cast< std::string >(1.23) L'A' = lexical_cast< wchar_t >(L'A') L"1.11"= lexical_cast< std::wstring >(1.11)

Type Casting ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Part 2: 任意型別 ,[object Object],int i = 10; string str = "Hi there"; Vector<boost::any> SuperContainer; SuperContainer.push_back( boost::any(i) ); SuperContainer.push_back( boost::any(str) ); try { if(SuperContainer[0].type() == typeid(int) ) i = any_cast <int>(a1); if(SuperContainer[0].type() == typeid(string) ) str = any_cast <string>(a2); }catch( bad_any_cast & e){ cout << "Bad any cast!"; } int i = 10; string str = "Hi there"; vector< void* > SuperContainer; SuperContainer.push_back( static_cast<void*>(&i) ); SuperContainer.push_back( static_cast<void*>(&str) ); cout << *( static_cast<int*> (SuperContainer[0])); cout << *( static_cast<string*> (SuperContainer[1])); 好可怕的轉型 !!!

Part 3 : 動態資源管理 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

寫程式要培養敏銳的 “嗅覺” ! ,[object Object],String EvaluateSalaryAndReturnName ( Employee e ) { TBird* pBird = new TBird; if( e.Title() == "CEO" || e.Salary() > 100000 ) { cout << e.First() << " " << e.Last() << endl; } delete pBird; return e.First() + " " + e.Last(); }

Exception-Safety 的重要性跟複雜性 ,[object Object],[object Object]

try-finally termination TStringList * ListHolder = new TStringList; __try { // Do something } __finally { delete ListHolder; }; TStringList * ListHolder = new TStringList; try { // Do something } catch(…){ delete ListHolder; }; delete ListHolder;

Example: STL auto_ptr auto_ptr<TStringList> ListHolder( new TStringList); ListHolder->Add("String"); ListHolder->Add(“Hi ! Birdman"); … TStringList* ListHolder= new TStringList; __try { ListHolder->Add("String"); ListHolder->Add(“Hi ! Birdman"); … // bala bala.. }__finally { delete ListHolder; }

Smart Pointer 通常沒有你想的那麼聰明 ! ,[object Object],Main (){ auto_ptr<TStringList> ListHolder( new TStringList); ListHolder->Add("String"); ListHolder->Add(“Hi ! Birdman"); … ShowStringList( ListHolder ); … ListHolder->Add(“I am smart!"); } ShowStringList ( auto_ptr<TStringList> p ) { … } auto_ptr 只要傳給其他函數，你就慘了 ~ ListHolder Main() p ShowStringList()

還好有 Boost ,[object Object],[object Object],Main (){ shared_ptr<TStringList> ListHolder( new TStringList); ListHolder->Add("String"); ShowStringList( ListHolder ); … ListHolder->Add(“I am smart!"); } ShowStringList ( shared_ptr<TStringList> p ) { … }

其他的 Smart Pointer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Part 4: 還有一些小玩具 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

boost/checked_delete.hpp ,[object Object]

實作 ,[object Object],[object Object],template<class T> inline void checked_delete(T * x) { typedef char type_must_be_complete[ sizeof(T)? 1: -1 ]; (void) sizeof (type_must_be_complete); delete x; }

不給你複製 !! noncopyable ,[object Object],Class TBirdman { … }; int main() { TBirdman SuperBird; Tbirdman Bird2( SuperBird ); // 我不希望使用者這麼做 }

5. C++ 幻術 – Metaprogramming ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],template <class T> class String { // stuff }; template <> class String<char> { // stuff }; // primary template template <class T, class Allocator> class vector { // stuff }; // partial specialization template <class Allocator> class vector<bool, Allocator> { // stuff };

Meta-Programming : ,[object Object],#include <iostream> using namespace std; template <unsigned int n, unsigned int f1 = 1, unsigned int f2 = 1> struct fib_n { const static unsigned int value = fib_n<n-1, f2, f1+f2>::value; }; template<unsigned int f1, unsigned int f2> // F_0 = 1, F_1 = 1 struct fib_n<0,f1,f2> { const static unsigned int value = f1; }; int main() { cout << fib_n<0>::value << endl; cout << fib_n<1>::value << endl; cout << fib_n<2>::value << endl; cout << fib_n<3>::value << endl; cout << fib_n<4>::value << endl; }

Detecting Convertibility and Inheritance ,[object Object],[object Object],class TBird{…}; class TFlyingBird : public TBird{…}; class TBirdman{…}; class TSuperBirdman : private TFlyingBird{…}; --- cout << Conversion< TBirdman, TBird >::exists; cout << Conversion< TFlyingBird, TBird >::exists; cout << Conversion< TSupperBirdman,TBird >::exists;

Idea 1 ,[object Object],bool Conversion(U){return true;} Main() { T myT; cout << Conversion(myT); } bool Conversion(U){return true;} bool Conversion(…){return false;} Main() { T myT; cout << Conversion(myT); }

[object Object],給一個型別 T ，如得知它是 Polymorphic Class? Class TMother { virtual void Chatter( TChild ); }; Class TBirdman { void Fly(); };

魔法般的 Boost Lambda ,[object Object],[object Object]

Boost 是未來的標準嗎 ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

你學到什麼 ? ,[object Object],[object Object]

Reference ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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