SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 11
人 教 版 初 中 化 学 九 年 级 上 册
2.1 空气( 第 一 课 时 )
第2章 我们周围的空气
实验2-1:测定空气中氧气的含量
实验装置如图所示
注意:实验前要检查装置的气密性
一、空气是由什么组成的
实验原理:
过量的红磷燃烧时耗尽了集气瓶内空气中的氧气,使瓶内气体总体积减少,压强 降低,打开止水
夹后,烧杯中的水便进入到集气瓶中,且集气瓶中氧气被消耗多少,进入瓶内的水就有多少。因
此,从烧杯中进入集气瓶中的水的体积就相当于原瓶内空气中氧气的体积。
一、空气是由什么组成的
实验步骤:
1.在集气瓶内加入少量水,并做好记号。
2.用弹簧夹夹紧乳胶管,点燃燃烧匙内的红磷后,立即伸入瓶中 并把塞子塞紧,观察红磷燃
烧的现象。
3.待红磷熄灭并冷却至室温后,打开弹簧夹,观察实验现象。
一、空气是由什么组成的
实验现象:
①红磷燃烧,放出热量,产生大量的白烟;
②冷却后打开弹簧夹,水顺着导管流入集气瓶,进入集气瓶中水的体积约占瓶内空间的1/5。
实验结论:氧气约占空气体积的1/5。
一、空气是由什么组成的
红磷燃烧发生了化学变化,这个化学变化可用文字表达式表示为:
红磷 + 氧气 五氧化二磷
P O2 P2O5
点燃
【思考1】红磷燃烧发生了什么变化?白烟是什么物质?
白烟是五氧化二磷的固体小颗粒。
一、空气是由什么组成的
【思考2】水为什么能够进入集气瓶中?
红磷在密闭的容器内充分燃烧,消耗了空气中的氧气,生成五氧化二磷固体,容器内压强减小,
大气压把水压进集气瓶内,进入瓶内水的体积等于消耗气体的体积,从而确定空气中氧气的体积
分数。
一、空气是由什么组成的
【思考3】为测定空气中氧气的含量而运用化学方法除去氧气时,应该注意哪些问题?
①在空气中能够燃烧;
②所选的反应物只能与空气中的氧气反应;
③反应后生成物必须为固体。
一、空气是由什么组成的
【思考4】 在实验中,进入集气瓶内的水的体积常小于集气瓶容积的1/5,可能
是什么原因呢?
①装置漏气;
②红磷的量不足;
③红磷熄灭后未冷却到室温就打开止水夹;
④有部分水留在导管中未进入集气瓶……
一、空气是由什么组成的
(1)氮气(78%)
干燥空气的成分(体积分数)
(2)氧气(21%)
(3)其它成分(1%)
稀有气体(0.94%)
二氧化碳(0.03%)
其他气体和杂质(0.03%)
一、空气是由什么组成的
人 教 版 初 中 化 学 九 年 级 上 册
感 谢 你 的 聆 听

Más contenido relacionado

Destacado

Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Kurio // The Social Media Age(ncy)
 
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them wellGood Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
Saba Software
 

Destacado (20)

Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
 
How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations
 
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data ScienceIntroduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data Science
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project management
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
 
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
 
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
 
ChatGPT webinar slides
ChatGPT webinar slidesChatGPT webinar slides
ChatGPT webinar slides
 
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike RoutesMore than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
 
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
 
Barbie - Brand Strategy Presentation
Barbie - Brand Strategy PresentationBarbie - Brand Strategy Presentation
Barbie - Brand Strategy Presentation
 
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them wellGood Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
 

05.pptx