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21.pptx
1.
人 教 版
初 中 化 学 九 年 级 上 册 M E N T A L H E A L T H C O U N S E L I N G P P T 5.2 如何正确的书写化学方程式 第5章 化学方程式
2.
二是要 ,等号两边各原子的种类与数目必须相等。 一是必须 ,绝不能凭空臆想、臆造事实上不存在的物质和化 学反应。 遵守质量守恒定律 以客观事实为基础 一、书写化学方程式的原则
3.
试一试:氢气与氧气反应 H2 + O2
H2O H原子个数: 2 2 O原子个数: 2 1 原子总个数 4 3 请你想办法 一、书写化学方程式的原则
4.
这时为使式子两边的每一种元素原子的总数相等,就需要配平,即在式子两边的 化学式前面配上适当的化学计量数。 一、书写化学方程式的原则
5.
一、书写化学方程式的原则 2H2+O2 2H2O 点燃 呵呵,我 们平衡啦! O H H O H
H O H H O H H
6.
1、写 根据实验事实,在式子的左、右两边写出反应物和生成物的化学式,并在式子左、 右两边之间画一条短线。 注意事项: 要遵守客观事实 P +
O2 P2O5 二、化学方程式的书写步骤
7.
2、配 化学式前面配上适当的化学计量数使左右两边的每一种原子总数相等。 4P+5O2 2P2O5 二、化学方程式的书写步骤
8.
3、注 注明反应条件 加热( )、点燃、催化剂等 生成物状态 状态符号:气体 沉淀 若反应物中无气体,生成物中有气体,则用“↑”;若反应物中无固体,生成物 中有固体,则用“↓”。 4P+5O2
2P2O5 点燃 二、化学方程式的书写步骤
9.
如生成物中有气体,要注“↑”号 2H2O2 2H2O+O2↑ MnO2 溶液中反应如果生成物中有固体,要注“↓”号 CuSO4 +
2NaOH = Na2SO4 + Cu(OH)2↓ 反应物和生成物中都有气体,气体生成物就不需注“↑”号 C+O2 CO2 点燃 二、化学方程式的书写步骤
10.
小结 若生成物中有气体,在气体物质的化学式右边要注“↑”号;溶液中的反应若生成物中有固体, 在固体物质的化学式右边要注“↓”号。 但是,若反应物和生成物中都有气体,气体生成物就不需注“↑”号;溶液中的反应若反应物和生 成物中都有固体,固体生成物也不需注“↓”号。 二、化学方程式的书写步骤
11.
1、观察法: 全靠观察确定化学计量数,以配平化学方程式,它适用于简单的化学方程式的配 平。 S + O
2 S O 2 点燃 练习: C + CO2 CO 高温 根据质量守恒定律,就是在式子两边的化学式前配上适当的化学计量数,使式 子两边每一种元素原子的数目相等。 化学方程式的配平的依据: 2 三、配平化学方程式的方法
12.
2、最小公倍数法: 选择左右只出现一次且个数最多的原子作起点,求其最小公倍数,再以最小公倍 数分别除以该原子在不同化学式中的个数作为该化学式的化学计量数,并由此推 出其它化学计量数。 练习 Al +
O2 Al2O3 点燃 4 3 2 P+O2 — P2O5 4P+ 5O2 2P2O5 P + 5O2 2P2O5 三、配平化学方程式的方法
13.
H2O2 H2O +
O2 MnO2 3、奇配偶法: 当某元素原子出现次数最多,且在左右两边一奇一偶时,常在奇数个原子对应的 化学 式前配一个2再说,再由此推出其它化学计量数。 1、配平时不得随意更改化学式右下角的角码! 2、化学计量数必须化成最简整数比 配平时方法注意: 2 2 ↑ 三、配平化学方程式的方法
14.
指出错误并说明原因。 生化物的化学式书写错误 没有配平 不应该标生成物的状态 不应该在化学式中间配平 三、配平化学方程式的方法
15.
请同学们根据刚才的找错误总结书写化学方程式常见的错误? ①写错物质的化学式; ②随意臆造生成物或事实上不存在的化学反应; ③化学方程式没有配平; ④漏标了气体生成物(↑)或沉淀生成物(↓); ⑤写错或漏写反应必需的条件。 三、配平化学方程式的方法
16.
一、 化学方程式的书写原则 二、化学方程式的书写步骤 1、写;2、配;3、注 三、配平化学方程式的方法 1.观察法 2.最小公倍数法 3.奇偶数法 课堂小结
17.
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