Earthing,Grounding,Bonding

1. Site Electrical Earthing System
Introduction
One of the most misunderstood and confused concept is
difference between Bonding, Grounding and Earthing. Bonding is more
clear word compare to Grounding and Earthing, but there is a micro
difference between Grounding and Earthing.
Bonding is simply the act of joining two electrical conductors
together.
Grounding means connecting the live part (it means the part
which carries current under normal condition) to the earth for example
neutral of power transformer. It is done for the protections of power system
equipment and to provide an effective return path from the machine to the
power source.
Earthing means connecting the dead part (it means the part which
does not carries current under normal condition) to the earth for example
electrical equipment’s frames, enclosures, supports etc.

2. People use an earthing system mainly for these
applications


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3. Main Requirements.

5. Mechanical Connections and Exothermic Connections

6. Comparison of Mechanical Connection and Exothermic Connections

7. Exothermic Welding for Connections
Provides a Molecular Bond Between Conductors or Rods
 Current Carrying Capacity Equal to
that of the Conductor
 Permanent - Cannot Loosen or
Corrode to Cause a High-Resistance
Connection
 Requires No External Source of
Power or Heat
 Can be Visually Checked for Quality
Exothermic Welding Process
Aluminum Reduces Copper Oxide, Forming Super Heated Copper and
Aluminum Oxide (Slag).
3Cu2O +2Al --> 6Cu + Al2O3 + HEAT

8. Bonding System
• Interconnecting of all Ground Electrode Systems
– Electrical Power Grounding System
– Lightning Grounding System
– Telecommunications Grounding System
– Cable Grounding System
• Connect all conductive objects together both
internal and external to the facility
• Provides near zero voltage difference during
ground potential rise

9. Earthing System Materials

10. Earthing System Materials

11. Working Process Of Best Grounding System For Our Project
Do
All Engineers must control to Time , Economical, Technical and
Quality. If we can control to these four parts for the best condition, we will
receive good management skill.
Therefore we must learn to do for working process before start
work. While doing working process, we must check of quality requirement
during SOP and DDD. Finally, we should check completely of Quality result
by shaking connection cable joint connections , Cable way to connection,
etc…

12. Working Process

13. Working Process
1. Check to materials quality , accessories and tools for grounding process
.

15. 3. Explain to supporting team for excavation work for cabling by requirement
design references.
4. Supervise to Working process.
5. Check to Working condition and Working result . Compare to Working result
by Design Requirement.( Max distance between fence to Ring is 250mm.)

16. 6. Prepare for earth rods points ,pit point and pit point housing.
7. One by one fitting on point by some length remain properly for jointing process.
8. Jointing between Earth Cable and Rod , which process type depend on DDD and
SOP.
9. Check to physical condition and actual condition for future.
10. If any require to fulfill, prepare for good condition by cleaning , repair , etc..
11. Refit to Earth Rod on requirement level of specific design without damage.
12. Earth pit Housing and Earth Pit ( Test Point ) install at specific design point.
13. Earth Rod top level of Test point is need to handle for checking.( Distance Between
top of rod and top of housing. 250mm ≤ x ≤ 400mm. If it has special design , follow to
his instruction. And more good level has high level from drain pipe level.)

17. Doing For Earth Rod Fitting and Connection

18. 14. Connect conductor for interconnection by Specific Design.( Cable size/type and Join type)
15. Check to usage type/size , working condition , and usage tools and supervise for good
process.
16. Check to joint fitting result condition , (check to loose point, damage point, wrong point)
17. Check to cover of over all part of FGL.
18. Check to Cable way direction to connect equipment.( Smooth/ flexible shape and close
space between ground port and connection joint)

19. 19. Cable lugs installation at the end of cable requirement terminals. ( Use
Crimping Tools )
20. Check to use PVC Tape on flexible Pipe end of Cable lug terminal. ( Tape &
Flex Pipe Colour )
21. Cable Lugs size/ hole and connection bolt . Check to fitting consist washer
complete accessories.
22. Check to paint cover, don’t use paint cover before connecting point.

20.  If Earth Ring conductor is Busbar type,
-Check to Connection Welding ( Earth Welding ) points ,
Connection Accessories type and Connection Fitting points
( loose , tighten nuts ).
-Check Drilling hole for fitting point. ( compare bolt and earth
bar hole )
-Check to Earth busbar conductor has external ( no usage hole)
or damage point.
-Check to incoming busbar way to connection points.

21. 23. If first items checking are complete, can start the backfilling process by compacting.
24.Connect to remaining part of equipment fitting .
25.If all completely finished , Check again to all system. ( to all connection points and all
interconnection cable by reference drawing. And check to cabling and connection
design.)
26. Check and test Result resistance of system to compare with requirement value of SOP.
27. Fill actual result in check form of installation.

22. Usage of Earth Tester
Selector and Switch of Earth Tester.

23. **SOP showed distance between each of auxiliary rod is 3M for red and
yellow point.

24. Note;
Minimum Requirement for Earthing Accessories size,
Numbers and Placement
Ø 0.5 inch , L=6 feet , Covered from rust (For Rods )
2feet x 2 feet , 4mm thk , Copper Plate, conductor tail with
weld connection. ( For Plate )
50 sq-mm, String copper cable (For Grounding place
conductor or main parts cable)
4Nos gauge HDBC pass for some condition place.
One system has two earth points for floating. ( separate ,
multi ring , grid )
Displacement between Each point is larger than 10 feet.
 Create earth point has good ground than additional rod of
old point. 30percent decrease from 10 percent of holding
result.