1) The document summarizes research on producing an amino acid fertilizer from underutilized fish and fish waste in Iran to increase wheat production and salt tolerance. 2) Testing showed the fish amino acid fertilizer (FAAF) produced higher chlorophyll levels, antioxidant enzyme activity, seedling height and weight in wheat compared to four commercial amino acid fertilizers under salt stress conditions. 3) The FAAF had higher quantities of several amino acids compared to the commercial fertilizers. Continued efforts aim to optimize the FAAF composition and evaluate effects on plant nutrition and disease resistance.

1. Mahmoudreza Ovissipour, Gleyn E. Bledsoe, Barbara Rasco
School of Food Science: Washington State University, University of Idaho
Waste To Worth 2015
Seattle WA
March 30 - April 3, 2015

2. Collaborators
2
Tabarestan Science and Technology Incubator, Sari, Iran
Caspian Zist Fanavaran Co. Iran
Tabarestan
Genetics and
Biotechnology
Research Institute,
Sari, Iran
Sari Agricultural
Sciences and Natural
University, Sari, Iran

3. Wheat Production State of Art in Iran
 Wheat production in 2014 in Iran: 13.5 million tons
 Iran is the 12th largest producer of wheat in the world
 Average precipitation in Iran: 270 mm
 Average precipitation in U.S.A: 715 mm, and in WA: 976 mm
 Problem: The salt concentration is increasing in water and soil which are
used for wheat
3

4. Underutilized Fish
 Anchovy Sprat (Clupeonella engrauliformis) 12000 Mtons per
year (from the Caspian Sea)
 Main application is fish meal production
 Seafood production in Iran: 562,595 Mtons
4
Viscera (12-18%):
Fish meal, Food
and Feed, Oil,
Enzymes
Fillet (40-60%):
Food
Bone (9-15%): Fish
meal, Collagen,
Gelatin
Head (9-12%): Fish
meal, Food, Oil
Skin (1-3%): Fish
meal, Collagen,
Gelatin, Leather
Fish
Wastes
Enzymatic
Hydrolysis
Chemical
Hydrolysis
Autolysis
and
Enzymatic
Hydrolysis
Autolysis

5. Project
 Produce amino acid fertilizer from under-utilized fish and fish waste at an
industrial scale
 Desired Effect: Increasing the wheat production
 Desired Effect: Increasing the wheat resistance to salinity
5

6. Amino Acid Fertilizer Production
6
Under-utilized fish or
fish waste
Grinding
water
(1:2 w/v)
Heating at 50 °C
Adding Alcalase (1%
v/w)
Enzyme
Deactivation
90°C, 10 min
Centrifugation or
Decanting to
Separate Liquid and
Solid Phases
Enzymatic Hydrolysis
5 h

7. The Effect of Fish Amino Acid Fertilizer (FAAF) on
Wheat
7
Roshan
Cultivar
Growth
Chlorophy
ll
Salinity
Res.
20 days
trial
Amino-
Hirkan
™
A comparison with
4 commercial
amino acid
fertilizers was
conducted
40 and 80 mM
Greenhouse conditions:
Temperature: 26°C
Relative Humidity: 40%
Photoperiod: 16L:8D

8. Results
8

9. 9
Parameter F-1 F-2 F-3 F-4 Amino-Hyrkan
Chlorophyll (mg/g wet
weight)
3.86±0.02b 3.92±0.08b 3.88±0.1b 4.11±0.02a
b
4.48±0.13a
Catalase (control) (U/mg
Protein)
0.777±0.058 0.821±0.121 0.685±0.072 0.831±0.114 0.725±0.031
Catalase (40 Mm) (U/mg
Protein)
0.784±0.042 0.756±0.055 0.745±0.43 0.786±0.0
62
0.765±0.053
Catalase (80 Mm) (U/mg
Protein)
0.715±0.076 0.794±0.087 0.720±0.038 0.740±0.0
67
0.688±0.083
Peroxidase (control) (U/mg
Protein)
6.12±0.14bB 5.87±0.2bB 6.34±0.16bC 6.82±0.8b
C
8.84±0.14aC
Peroxidase (40 Mm) (U/mg
Protein)
8.95±0.08b A 8.9±0.03bA 9.08±0.05bB 9.13±0.08b
B
11.23±0.06aB
Peroxidase (80 Mm) (U/mg
Protein)
9.14±0.20bA 9.05±0.11bA 9.45±0.14bA 10.22±0.11b
A
13.54±0.36aA
Chlorophyll Production and Salinity Resistance
The influence of four different commercial amino acid fertilizers and Amino-Hyrkan™ on
Roshan wheat cultivar chlorophyll, and response to salinity
1 Values with different lower case letters in same column are significantly different (P < 0.05)
2 Values with different upper case letters in same row are significantly different (P < 0.05)

10. Growth
Parameter F-1 F-2 F-3 F-4 Amino-
Hyrkan
Seedling Height
(cm)
21.34±0.75b 21.08±1.11b 21.64±0.54b 21.52±0.35b 27.45±0.83a
Seedling weight (g) 4.1±0.42b 4.02±0.23b 4.14±0.63b 4.23±0.81b 6.3±0.5a
10
The influence of four different commercial amino acid fertilizers and Amino-Hyrkan™ on
Roshan wheat cultivar growth
Values with different upper case letters in same row are significantly different (P < 0.05)

11. Growth
Amino acid Quantity (g/100 g)
F-1 F-2 F-3 F-4 Amino-
Hyrkan™
Histidine 5.77 5.87 7.92 8.1 9.12
Isoleucine 5.26 5.16 6.14 5.54 7.21
Leucine 6.91 6.11 7.42 6.87 7.67
Lysine 0.97 0.67 1.27 2.65 3.82
Methionine 0.85 1.55 1.32 2.64 1.52
Phenyl alanine 2.41 2.41 3.57 3.83 3.76
Tyrosine 0.48 1.42 1.11 1.19 1.47
Threonine 4.87 3.64 4.87 4.3 5.1
Tryptophan _ _ _ _ _
Arginine 7.08 6.73 7.78 6.83 8.32
Valine 7.2 6.91 7.42 8.83 7.87
Aspartic acid 8.32 9.66 10.33 9.23 11.45
Glycine 3.1 2.88 4.18 6.08 4.58
Alanine 2.23 2.15 1.86 2.86 2.7
Glutamic acid 12.76 14.22 15.31 16.23 15.65
Serine 5.42 4.98 6.38 7.38 6.63
Total 73.63 74.36 86.88 92.56 96.87 11
Amino acid composition of four commercial amino acid fertilizer and Amino-Hyrkan

12. Commercialization
Lab Scale
Test
Greenhouse
Test
Farm Test
12

13. Other Related Products from Fish Wastes
13
Algae Soda
Peptone from Tuna Wastes Feeds

14. Continuing Efforts
 Optimization of amino acid fertilizer composition based on application to
specific crops
 Determination of the effects of seafood-based amino acid fertilizer on
nutritional value, and the disease resistance of plants
 Amino acid fertilizer production from other sources such as tuna wastes,
stickwater, restaurant wastes, and slaughter house by-products
14

15. Seafood Processing Waste

16. Flying Fish Heads
16

17. Simple Fish Compost
17

18. Thank You!
Questions ?
18