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Ray Massey, John Lory and Marcia Shannon
University of MissouriCommercial Agriculture Program
 Manure is a significant source of value to
livestock producers.
 Manure has moved from a waste product to
a co-product in livestock production.
 Opportunities exist to integrate the value of
manure into the least cost diet decision so
that net income is optimized
 Caveat: cost of diets are certain expense;
value of manure is uncertain revenue.
Feeder
Pig, $42.91
Feed, $107.18
Variable
Costs, $22.19
Operating
Interest, $3.32
Fixed
Costs, $8.45
ManureValue is not considered!
Profit/Hog Marketed = -$11.64
 Typical Situation: Minimize ration cost
subject to nutritional constraints.
 find the least cost combination of feedstuffs to
meet the dietary needs of the animal.
 Alternative: Minimize ration costs less
manure value subject to nutritional
constraints.
 The objective is no longer least cost ration
formulation but jointly considering ration cost and
manure value.
 Manure value is increasing as fertilizer prices
have increased.
 DDGS are entering the diet
 Minimize cost of ration
 Source of P and K that have value as fertilizer
when in the manure
 There is no increased cost for optimizing
manure value – same quantity of manure is
produced and must be land applied.
$0
$200
$400
$600
$800
$1,000
$1,200
$1,400
$1,600
$0
$50
$100
$150
$200
$250
$300
$350
$400
$450
$500
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Fertilizer($/ton)
Feed($/ton)
Corn SBM DDGS Anhy N DAP K2O
Year Diet Cost
($/ton)
Manure Value
($/ton feed)
Manure as
percent of Diet
2002 $138.47 $12.20 9%
2003 $142.15 $14.88 10%
2004 $157.31 $15.61 10%
2005 $133.30 $17.82 13%
2006 $160.52 $21.12 13%
2007 $175.15 $23.91 14%
2008 $202.69 $41.00 20%
2009 $172.77 $38.54 22%
2010 $206.76 $27.45 13%
2011 $267.62 $37.76 14%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
PercentofRationCost
DDGS No DDGS
50-100 lb phase, manure not yet included in optimization routine
Year Manure not in OR Manure in OR Savings
2002 $126.27 $126.07 $0.20
2003 $127.28 $126.64 $0.64
2004 $141.70 $141.70 $0.00
2005 $115.48 $115.32 $0.17
2006 $139.40 $130.98 $8.41
2007 $151.24 $151.24 $0.00
2008 $161.69 $161.69 $0.00
2009 $134.23 $133.62 $0.61
2010 $179.31 $179.00 $0.31
2011 $229.86 $229.47 $0.38
Year Manure not in OR Manure in OR Added Cost
2002 $138.47 $143.32 $4.84
2003 $142.15 $148.63 $6.47
2004 $157.31 $157.31 $0.00
2005 $133.30 $133.40 $0.10
2006 $160.52 $162.28 $1.76
2007 $175.15 $175.15 $0.00
2008 $202.69 $202.69 $0.00
2009 $172.77 $172.78 $0.00
2010 $206.76 $206.95 $0.19
2011 $267.62 $267.91 $0.29
$0.00
$5.00
$10.00
$15.00
$20.00
$25.00
$30.00
$35.00
$40.00
$45.00
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Manure not in OR
Manure in OR
Manure? Corn SBM DDGS Monocal
Phosphate
Limestone L-Lysine
Manure not
in OR
62% 25% 9% 0.98% 1.03% 0.43%
Manure in
OR
25% 33% 40% 0.23% 1.46% 0.09%
Note: these results are consistent across 200-250 lb weight range.
Manure? Corn SBM DDG
S
Net Cost
($/ton)
Diet
($/ton)
Manure
($/ton diet)
Manure
not in OR
62% 25% 9% $139.40 $160.52 $21.12
Manure
in OR
25% 33% 40% $130.98 $162.28 $31.30
Note: these results are consistent across 200-250 lb weight range.
Manure? Corn SBM DDGS Monocal
Phosphate
Limestone Phytase
(units)
Manure not
in OR 43.12% 14.06% 40.00% 0.12% 1.37% 47
Manure in
OR 43.07% 14.07% 40.00% 0.24% 1.32% 0
Note: these results are consistent across 200-250 lb weight range.
Manure? Phytase
(units)
Monocal
Phosphate
Net Cost
($/ton)
Diet
($/ton)
Manure
($/ton diet)
Manure
not in OR 47 0.12% $134.23 $172.77 $38.54
Manure in
OR 0 0.24% $133.62 $172.78 $39.15
Note: these results are consistent across 200-250 lb weight range.
 Manure needs to be considered a co-product
rather than a waste product.
 Co-products are managed for optimization.
 Including manure in the feed optimization
routine can decrease net diet cost.
 Usually increases actual diet cost a small amount.
 Increase in actual diet is always realized; value of
manure is less certain.
 Don’t include manure in optimization decisions
without a high probability of realizing the manure
value.

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Integrating Manure Into Feed Ration Optimization

  • 1. Ray Massey, John Lory and Marcia Shannon University of MissouriCommercial Agriculture Program
  • 2.  Manure is a significant source of value to livestock producers.  Manure has moved from a waste product to a co-product in livestock production.  Opportunities exist to integrate the value of manure into the least cost diet decision so that net income is optimized  Caveat: cost of diets are certain expense; value of manure is uncertain revenue.
  • 3. Feeder Pig, $42.91 Feed, $107.18 Variable Costs, $22.19 Operating Interest, $3.32 Fixed Costs, $8.45 ManureValue is not considered! Profit/Hog Marketed = -$11.64
  • 4.  Typical Situation: Minimize ration cost subject to nutritional constraints.  find the least cost combination of feedstuffs to meet the dietary needs of the animal.  Alternative: Minimize ration costs less manure value subject to nutritional constraints.  The objective is no longer least cost ration formulation but jointly considering ration cost and manure value.
  • 5.  Manure value is increasing as fertilizer prices have increased.  DDGS are entering the diet  Minimize cost of ration  Source of P and K that have value as fertilizer when in the manure  There is no increased cost for optimizing manure value – same quantity of manure is produced and must be land applied.
  • 6. $0 $200 $400 $600 $800 $1,000 $1,200 $1,400 $1,600 $0 $50 $100 $150 $200 $250 $300 $350 $400 $450 $500 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Fertilizer($/ton) Feed($/ton) Corn SBM DDGS Anhy N DAP K2O
  • 7. Year Diet Cost ($/ton) Manure Value ($/ton feed) Manure as percent of Diet 2002 $138.47 $12.20 9% 2003 $142.15 $14.88 10% 2004 $157.31 $15.61 10% 2005 $133.30 $17.82 13% 2006 $160.52 $21.12 13% 2007 $175.15 $23.91 14% 2008 $202.69 $41.00 20% 2009 $172.77 $38.54 22% 2010 $206.76 $27.45 13% 2011 $267.62 $37.76 14%
  • 8. 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 PercentofRationCost DDGS No DDGS 50-100 lb phase, manure not yet included in optimization routine
  • 9. Year Manure not in OR Manure in OR Savings 2002 $126.27 $126.07 $0.20 2003 $127.28 $126.64 $0.64 2004 $141.70 $141.70 $0.00 2005 $115.48 $115.32 $0.17 2006 $139.40 $130.98 $8.41 2007 $151.24 $151.24 $0.00 2008 $161.69 $161.69 $0.00 2009 $134.23 $133.62 $0.61 2010 $179.31 $179.00 $0.31 2011 $229.86 $229.47 $0.38
  • 10. Year Manure not in OR Manure in OR Added Cost 2002 $138.47 $143.32 $4.84 2003 $142.15 $148.63 $6.47 2004 $157.31 $157.31 $0.00 2005 $133.30 $133.40 $0.10 2006 $160.52 $162.28 $1.76 2007 $175.15 $175.15 $0.00 2008 $202.69 $202.69 $0.00 2009 $172.77 $172.78 $0.00 2010 $206.76 $206.95 $0.19 2011 $267.62 $267.91 $0.29
  • 11. $0.00 $5.00 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 $25.00 $30.00 $35.00 $40.00 $45.00 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Manure not in OR Manure in OR
  • 12. Manure? Corn SBM DDGS Monocal Phosphate Limestone L-Lysine Manure not in OR 62% 25% 9% 0.98% 1.03% 0.43% Manure in OR 25% 33% 40% 0.23% 1.46% 0.09% Note: these results are consistent across 200-250 lb weight range.
  • 13. Manure? Corn SBM DDG S Net Cost ($/ton) Diet ($/ton) Manure ($/ton diet) Manure not in OR 62% 25% 9% $139.40 $160.52 $21.12 Manure in OR 25% 33% 40% $130.98 $162.28 $31.30 Note: these results are consistent across 200-250 lb weight range.
  • 14. Manure? Corn SBM DDGS Monocal Phosphate Limestone Phytase (units) Manure not in OR 43.12% 14.06% 40.00% 0.12% 1.37% 47 Manure in OR 43.07% 14.07% 40.00% 0.24% 1.32% 0 Note: these results are consistent across 200-250 lb weight range.
  • 15. Manure? Phytase (units) Monocal Phosphate Net Cost ($/ton) Diet ($/ton) Manure ($/ton diet) Manure not in OR 47 0.12% $134.23 $172.77 $38.54 Manure in OR 0 0.24% $133.62 $172.78 $39.15 Note: these results are consistent across 200-250 lb weight range.
  • 16.  Manure needs to be considered a co-product rather than a waste product.  Co-products are managed for optimization.  Including manure in the feed optimization routine can decrease net diet cost.  Usually increases actual diet cost a small amount.  Increase in actual diet is always realized; value of manure is less certain.  Don’t include manure in optimization decisions without a high probability of realizing the manure value.

Notas del editor

  1. http://www.econ.iastate.edu/estimated-returns/FWF12.pdf Averaged the 12 months of Jan 2012 to December 2012 market hog sales.
  2. Diet costs have doubled, manure value has tripled.