Hague conventions
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Hague conventions of 1899 and 1907 are a series of international treaties and declarations negotiated at two international peace conferences at The Hague in the Netherland. Hague Convention is the first formal statement of the laws of war and war crimes that can be applied to the whole world as international law.
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Hague conventions
- 1. HAGUE CONVENTIONS Relevance to the Aviation Industry 1899&1907
- 2. WOODGROVE BANK ABOUT HAGUE CONVENTIONS • First formal statement of the laws of war and war crimes in the body of international law. • This came from a proposal by Russian Tsar Nicholas II • Heavily based on Lieber Code Signed and issued by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, during the American Civil War. • Third conference was planned for 1914 but didn’t take place dur to World War I 2
- 3. WOODGROVE BANK 1899 HAGUE CONVENTION A meeting in the orange hall of Huis ten Bosch palace 3
- 4. WOODGROVE BANK HAGUE CONCENTION OF 1899 • First conference opened on 18th May 1899. • Treaties, declarations and final at of conference were signed on 29th July and entered into force on 4th September 1900 • There are three main treaties and three additional declarations 4
- 5. WOODGROVE BANK HAGUE CONCENTION OF 1899 IV.1 Declaration concerning the Prohibition of the Discharge of Projectiles and Explosives from Balloons or by Other New Analogous Methods IV.2 Declaration concerning the Prohibition of the Use of Projectiles with the Sole Object to Spread Asphyxiating Poisonous Gases IV.3 Declaration concerning the Prohibition of the Use of Bullets which can Easily Expand or Change their Form inside the Human Body such as Bullets. 5
- 7. WOODGROVE BANK HAGUE CONCENTION OF 1907 • Has only few major achievements from the 1899 Convention. • Conference was called at the suggestion of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt • Modified some parts and added new topics. • Consists of thirteen treaties • Twelve were ratified and entered into force • One declaration 7
- 8. WOODGROVE BANK HAGUE CONCENTION OF 1907 • Declaration prohibiting the Discharge of Projectiles and Explosives from Balloons. • This is extended the previous of declaration (IV.1) of 1899 • This was ratified only by China, United Kingdom and the United States 8
- 10. WOODGROVE BANK HAGUE DECLARATIONS OF 1899 (IV.1) AND 1907 (XIV) PROHIBITING THE DISCHARGE OF PROJECTILES AND EXPLOSIVES FROM BALOONS 1899 • Declaration (IV.1) to prohibit for the term of five years the launching of projectiles and explosives from balloons, and other new methods of a similar nature. 1907 • Declaration (XIV) prohibiting the discharge of projectiles and explosives from balloons.. 10 • Renew the declaration of the Hague of the 29th of July 1899, which had expired on that day • The contracting powers agree to prohibit, for a period extending to the close of the Third Peace Conference. Launching projectiles from balloons, etc. prohibited. Differences
- 11. WOODGROVE BANK HAGUE DECLARATIONS OF 1899 (IV.1) AND 1907 (XIV) PROHIBITING THE DISCHARGE OF PROJECTILES AND EXPLOSIVES FROM BALOONS 1899 • The Present Declaration is only binding on the contracting Powers in case of war between two or more of them. 1907 • The Present Declaration is only binding on the contracting Powers in case of war between two or more of them. 11 Exemption Ratification • It shall cease to be binding from the time when, in a war between the contracting Powers, one of the belligerents is joined by a non-contracting Power. • It shall cease to be binding from the time when, in a war between the contracting Powers, one of the belligerents is joined by a non-contracting Power.
- 12. WOODGROVE BANK HAGUE CONVENTION OF 1899 (IV.1) AND 1907 (XIV) SIGNED BY 1899 Signed by: Austria-Hungary Belgium Bulgaria China Denmark France Germany Greece Italy Japan Luxemburg Mexico Montenegro Netherlands Norway Persia Portugal Roumania Russia Servia Siam Spain Sweden and Norway Switzerland United States 1907 12 Declaration was ratified by the signatory powers Signed by: Belgium Bolivia Brazil China Great Britain Haiti Luxemburg Netherlands Norway Panama Portugal Salvador Siam Switzerland United States
- 13. THANK YOU
Notas del editor
- Good evening all of you. We are here to present about Hague conventions and facts and decision taken in the Hague Conventions and how it relevant in aviation sector. Hague conventions of 1899 and 1907 are series of international treaties and declarations negotiated at two international peace conferences at the Hague in the Netherland.
- Hague convention is the first formal statement of the laws of war and war crimes that can be applied to the whole world as an international law. The convention was proposed by Russian Tsar Nicholsa II Mainly this is based on the Lieber code which was signed by Abraham Lincoln, an US president during the American civil war. With that there were 2 peace conferences were held and the third one was planed to be in 1914 but couldn’t accomplish because of the World war 1
- There are 26 states were represented in the 1899 convention. This picture shows the meeting in the orange hall of Huis ten bosch palace. This convention sort of an experiment state as previous discussions hadn’t higher successful
- The conference was held on 18th or May and signed the convention on 29th of July. That entered to the force from 4th of September in the next year. The convention consists of three main treaties and three additional declarations. Most of the facts are based on the war and war crimes, how the refugees and war prisoners should be treats and sch.
- In the declaration IV, there are some facts about projecting bombs from balloons and similar types of aircrafts. Those days heavier than air aircrafts are not used because all we know that wright brothers succeeded in 1907. Other facts are based on the bombs and construction of bombs.
- In the second Hague conference, there are 10 new members were adopted. The second convention was held after observing the problems and issues of first. This image was taken during the meeting was held.
- This convention is the next step of the first convention of 1899, and this came into live with an idea of US president Thoedore Roosevelt. Several treaties were newly added and modified from the first convention. Finally that contained twelve ratified and one declaration.
- The extension for the IV the declaration in the 1899 convention for the discharge of projectiles and explosives from the balloons. UK, USA and china ratified that declaration Here we can see the commemorative medal in 1907 Hague conference.
- When we consider about the influence for the aviation sector is less. In those days used lighter than aircrafts, specially balloons. The comparison of the convention as follows.
- In 1899 prohibit the projectiles of explosives for 5 years and 1907 it was mentioned without time period. But all parties agreed to work under this declaration until next convention.
- This declarations were applied between signed countries only. If the country with non-contracting powers, this will not be applied in both conventions. If non-contracting power declared war with contracting powers, this is not applied. We can see the exemption and ratification as here.
- In the first conference – United states and Mexico are the only American countries. Brazil has been invited but declined. In the first convention, only invited parties were participated. 8 countries were signed both conventions and we can see the changes from the given table. Finally, As we can see, the contribution of this convention is less to the aviation sector because Technical influence in that stage was less and most of the time they have focused on land.