2. WHAT IS DNA FINGERPRINTING?
DNA Fingerprinting is a
way to identify a certain
individual, rather than
simply identifying a
species or a particular
trait.
A technique used by
scientists to distinguish
between individuals of
the same species using
only samples of their
DNA.
3. WHO DISCOVERED IT?
Sir Alec John Jeffreys, CH FRS MAE (born 9 January
1950) is a British geneticist known for developing
techniques for genetic fingerprinting and DNA profiling
which are now used worldwide in forensic science to
assist police detective work and to resolve paternity and
immigration disputes.He is Professor of Genetics at
the University of Leicester, and he became an
honorary freeman of the City of Leicester on 26
November 1992. In 1994, he was knighted for services to
genetics.
4. 6 STEPS TO DNA FINGERPRINTING
Step 1: Isolation of DNA:
DNA must be recovered from cells or tissue. Only a small amount
of blood, hair, or skin is needed.
Step 2: Cutting, Sizing, and Sorting:
Restriction enzymes are used to cut the DNA at specific places.
In a process called electrophoresis, DNA pieces are sorted out by
their size.
Then the DNA pieces are passed through a gel made of seaweed
agarose
5. 6 STEPS TO DNA FINGERPRINTING
Step 3: Transfer of DNA to Nylon:
The DNA pieces are transferred to a nylon sheet by placing the
sheet on the gel and soaking them overnight.
Step 4-5: Probing:
Adding radioactive or colored probes to the nylon sheet
produces a pattern, which is the DNA Fingerprint. Each probe
only sticks to one or two specific places on the sheet.
Step 6: DNA Fingerprint:
The final DNA fingerprint is built by using several probes. It
resembles bar codes.
6. USES OF DNA FINGERPRINTING
DNA fingerprinting most often has been used in court cases and legal matters. It can:
Physically connect a piece of evidence to a person or rule out someone as a suspect.
Show who your parents, siblings, and other relatives may be.
Identify a dead body that’s too old or damaged to be recognizable.
DNA fingerprinting is extremely accurate. Most countries now keep DNA records on file in much the same
way police keep copies of actual fingerprints.
It also has medical uses. It can:
Match tissues of organ donors with those of people who need transplants.
Identify diseases that are passed down through your family.
Help find cures for those diseases, called hereditary conditions.
Fingerprint Test
To get your DNA fingerprint, you would give a sample of cells from your body. This can come from a swab
inside your mouth, from your skin, the roots of your hair, or your saliva, sweat, or other body fluids. Blood is
usually the easiest way. Lab workers treat the sample with chemicals to separate the DNA, which is then
dissolved in water.
7.
8. THANK YOU
MADE BY LAKSHITA KUMARI
CLASS: XI-B
ROLL NUMBER: 11
SUBJECT: BIOLOGY
