Management involves planning, organizing, leading and controlling resources to achieve goals. It can be defined in different ways and involves multiple levels from top management that sets strategy to middle management that implements plans to lower management that oversees operations. Effective management is key to coordinating work through others in an organized way.

1. NATURE AND CONCEPT OF
MANAGEMENT
Ms. Lalaine B. Cazar
References: http://kalyan-city.blogspot.com/2011/04/what-is-management-definitions-meaning.html
http://www.slideshare.net/robingulati30/concept-nature-purpose-of-management
https://www.managementstudyguide.com/what_is_management.htm

2. That’s Not My Job
This is a story about four people named Everybody,
Somebody, Anybody and Nobody. There was an
important job to be done and Everybody was
sure that Somebody would do it. Anybody could
have done it, but Nobody did it. Somebody got
angry about that, because it was Everybody’s
job. Everybody thought Anybody could do it,
but Nobody realized that Everybody wouldn’t
do it. It ended up that Everybody blamed
Somebody when Nobody did what
Anybody could have.

4. CONCEPT OF MANAGEMENT
A. TRADITIONAL CONCEPT
• Management is the art of getting things done through
others. (Mary Parker Follett)
• Management consists of getting things done through
others. A manager is one who accomplishes organizational
objectives by directing the efforts of others. (C.S. George)
B. MODERN CONCEPT
• Management is establishing an effective environment for
people operating in formal organizational group. (koontz and
op’donnel)
• Management is the co-ordination of all resources through
the process of Planning, Organizing, Directing and
Controlling in order to attain stated objectives. (F.W. Taylor)

5. Definition of Management
According to Harold Koontz,
"Management is the art of getting things done
through and with people in formally organized
groups."Harold Koontz gave this definition of management in his book "The
Management Theory Jungle".
According to Henri Fayol,
"To manage is to forecast and to plan, to organize,
to command, to co-ordinate and to control.“
Henri Fayol gave this definition of management in his book "Industrial
and General Administration".

6. Definition of Management
According to F.W. Taylor
" Management is an art of knowing what to do,
when to do and see that it is done in the best and
cheapest way."

7. Management can be defined in the following categories :
1. Management as a Process
2. Management as an Activity
3. Management as a Discipline
4. Management as a Group
5. Management as a Science
6. Management as an Art
7. Management as a Profession

8. Basic Functions of Management
1. Planning
- involves selecting a course of action and specifying how the
action will be implemented to attain the organization’s
objectives.
2. Organizing
- is designing a formal structure of tasks and authority
in which personnel and material resources are
arranged to carry out plans and objectives.

9. Basic Functions of Management
3. Leading
- This requires the ability to motivate and effectively direct people.
Managers assign tasks to employees, arbitrate disputes, answer
questions, solve on-the-spot problems, and make many small
decisions that affect customers and employees.
4. Controlling
- is evaluating performance to see whether objectives
are being met and the application of corrective
actions if they are not

10. Who are Managers?
Someone who works with and through other
people by coordinating their work activities in
order to accomplish organizational goals.
A manager is responsible for planning and directing
the work of group of individuals, monitoring
their performance and taking corrective action
when necessary for the accomplishment of
organizational goals and objectives.

11. Levels of Management
The level of management determines a chain of command,
the amount of authority & status enjoyed by any
managerial position. The levels of management can be
classified in three broad categories:

12. Levels of Management
Top Level or Administrative Level - It consists of board of
directors, chief executive or managing director.
The role of the top management can be summarized as follows:
 Top management lays down the objectives and broad policies of the
enterprise.
 It issues necessary instructions for preparation of department budgets,
procedures, schedules etc.
 It appoints the executive for middle level i.e. departmental
managers.
 It controls & coordinates the activities of all the departments.
 It is also responsible for maintaining a contact with the
outside world.
 The top management is also responsible towards
the shareholders for the performance of the
enterprise.

13. Levels of Management
Middle Level of Management
The branch managers and departmental managers constitute middle level.
• They are responsible to the top management for the functioning of their
department.
 They devote more time to organizational and directional functions.
 They execute the plans of the organization in accordance with the policies
and directives of the top management.
• They interpret and explain policies from top level management to lower
level.
• It also sends important reports and other important data to top
level management.
• They evaluate performance of junior managers.
• They are also responsible for inspiring lower level
managers towards better performance.

14. Levels of Management
Middle Level of Management
The branch managers and departmental managers constitute middle level.
• They are responsible to the top management for the functioning of their
department.
 They devote more time to organizational and directional functions.
 They execute the plans of the organization in accordance with the policies
and directives of the top management.
• They interpret and explain policies from top level management to lower
level.
• It also sends important reports and other important data to top
level management.
• They evaluate performance of junior managers.
• They are also responsible for inspiring lower level
managers towards better performance.

15. Levels of Management
Lower Level of Management is also known as supervisory / operative level of
management. It consists of supervisors, foreman, section officers,
superintendent etc. According to R.C. Davis, “Supervisory management refers
to those executives whose work has to be largely with personal oversight and
direction of operative employees”. In other words, they are concerned with
direction and controlling function of management.
•Assigning of jobs and tasks to various workers.
•They guide and instruct workers for day to day activities.
•They are responsible for the quality as well as quantity of production.
•They are also entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining good
relation in the organization.
•They communicate workers problems, suggestions, and
recommendatory appeals to the higher level and higher level
goals and objectives to the workers.

16. Levels of Management
Lower Level of Management
•They help to solve the grievances of the workers.
•They arrange necessary materials, machines, tools etc for getting
the things done.
•They prepare periodical reports about the performance of the
workers.
•They ensure discipline in the enterprise.
•They motivate workers.
•They are the image builders of the enterprise because they are
in direct contact with the workers.