Histoplasmosis is a disease caused when airborne spores of the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum are inhaled into the lungs.

2. Histoplasmosis is a disease caused when airborne spores of the
fungus Histoplasma capsulatum are inhaled into the lungs. This
infectious disease primarily affects the lungs & sometimes can
spread to other parts of the body. This kind of the disease is
known as disseminated histoplasmosis, and it can be critical if
untreated.
Histoplasma capsulatum is a microscopic dimorhous fungus that
grows stronger in moderate temperatures and moist
environments and appears as yeast at body temperature in
mammals. Histoplasma capsulatum is commonly found
throughout the world in river valleys and soil where chickens,
pigeons, starlings, blackbirds, and bat droppings accumulate, is
released into the air when soil is disturbed by ploughing fields,
sweeping chicken coops, or digging holes.

3. The soil in indigenous region gives an acidic damp environment
with high organic content that is good for mycelia production.
Highly contaminated soil is found near areas inherent by bats
and birds. Birds cannot be infected by the fungus because of
their high body temperatures, but they do carry it on their
feathers. But bats can become infected because they have a
lower body temperature than birds, and they spread the fungus
through droppings.
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4. Histoplasmosis is produced by a microscopic dimorhous fungus
Histoplasma capsulatum. The fungus produces spores that can
be inhaled when they get into the air. Spores are hardy forms of
the fungus that can live in the environment for a long time. The
spores are extremely light and can be float into the air when dirt
or other polluted material is disturbed .There are large number
of cases appears in farmers, landscapers, construction workers &
the people who are living near construction sites and
spelunkers.
Histoplasmosis is generally not harmful in primary stages and
so mild that it produces no apparent sign & symptoms. Any sign
that might appear are generally just like to those from a common
cold. If any individual had histoplasmosis symptoms, he /she
might dismiss them as those from a flu or cold, since the body's
immune system generally overcomes the infection in some days
without treatment.

5. Histoplasmosis can affect generally any region of the body such
as eyes, liver, bone marrow, skin, adrenal glands & intestinal
tract. The condition of the disease show which organs are
affected. Individuals with this kind of the disease may have
anaemia, pneumonia, pericarditis, meningitis, adrenal
insufficiency mouth ulcers, tongue or intestinal tract.
Histoplasmosis, in even mild conditions can later produce a
critical eye disease known as ocular histoplasmosis
syndrome (OHS), a leading cause of vision loss. Symptoms of
this disease include:
 Discomfort feeling
 Bloody spitting
 Weakness
 Headache
 Muscles pain

6.  Joint pain
 Fever
 Chills
 Inflammation of the sac around the heart
 Gastrointestinal tract
 Chest pain
 Dry or non-productive cough
 Breathing uneasiness
 Weight loss
 Mouth sores
 Bulging of liver and spleen
 Skin rashes
 Vision loss
 Tuberculosis
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7. Treatment of histoplasmosis depends on the complexity
of the disease. Anti fungal treatments are taken to cure the
complex cases of acute histoplasmosis and all cases of
chronic and disseminated disorders. Mild diseases
generally cure without treatment & may require only
symptomatic measures.
Efficacious treatments are available in the market for even
the most complex forms of histoplasmosis. Amphotericin
B or itraconazole may be used to treat the disease
histoplasmosis. Patients with acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS) may need treatment with an anti fungal
medication for their long life to prevent further attacks of
histoplasmosis.

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