1. Past Tense:--- 2. Present Tense:--- 3. Future Tense:---

1. Tense System
Prepared by:
BUN Willy
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2. 1. Past Simple:
Past tense expresses an action or situation that was
started and finished in the past. The past tense is used:
- to talk about the past,
- to talk about hypothesis-things that are imagined
rather than time,
- and for politeness.
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3. Uses:
• Things that happened once in the past. For examples:
– I met my husband in 2015.
– We went to KomPong Soum on our holiday.
• Something that was true sometime in the past.
– I lived in KomPong Spour ten years ago.
– She played regularly tennis when she was young.
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4. • Something that happened again and again in the past.
– When I was 10, I walked a mile to school everyday.
– We swam a lot while we were on holiday.
• We often use phrase with “ago” in the past form,
– I met my friend for a long time ago.
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5. Form:
• Positive: [S+ Past Verb+ Obj]
– Tom lived in LA when he was a baby.
– He worked 12 hours a day when he was 20.
• Negative: We use “did + not” to make negative with
past tense: For examples:
– They didn’t go to Spain last year.
– We didn’t get home until late night.
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6. • Question: we use “did” to form question: For
examples:
– Did you live abroad in 2005?
– Who discovered Penicillin?
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7. 2. Past Continuous:
The past continuous is a form of past tense of
“be” with “–ing” form of the verb.
Form:
[ S+ was/were+ verb-ing+ obj]
[ Was/Were+ S+ verb-ing+?]
[ S+ was/were+ not+ verb-ing]
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8. Uses:
• For something which interrupted anther action in the
past.
– When I got home, the children were doing their homework.
• It’s also used to begin a story.
– Last week as I was driving to work. It happened that…
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9. • For something that happened before and after a
particular time:
– It was eight o’clock; I was writing a letter.
Compare:
– At eight o’clock, I wrote some letters.
• To show something that happening again and again
– I was practicing everyday, three time a day.
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10. 3. Past Perfect
Use:
• When we talk about something that happened before
something else in the past.
– Mary rang John at 8:15 yesterday, but he had already left
home.
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11. 3. Past Perfect
Compare:
– James had cooked breakfast when we got up.
– James cooked breakfast when we got up.
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12. 4. Past Perfect Continuous [Englishpage.com]
Uses:
• Duration Before Something in the Past
– They had been talking for over an hour before Tony
arrived.
– She had been working at that company for three years
when it went out of business.
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13. 4. Past Perfect Continuous [Englishpage.com]
Uses:
• Cause of Something in the Past
– Jason was tired because he had been jogging.
– Sam gained weight because he had been overeating.
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14. 4. Past Perfect Continuous [Englishpage.com]
Compare:
• Past Continuous vs. Past Perfect Continuous
– He was tired because he was exercising so hard.
– He was tired because he had been exercising so hard.
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15. 1. Present Simple [Englishpage.com]
Uses:
• Repeated Actions
– I play football.
– She does not play tennis..
• Facts or Generalizations
– California is not in the United Kingdom.
– Windows are made of glass.
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16. 1. Present Simple [Englishpage.com]
Uses:
• Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)
– She is not here now.
– He needs help right now.
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17. 2. Present Continuous [M. Parrott (2000). Grammar for English
Language Teachers, page190]
Uses:
• Temporary events and actions:
– Sssh, she is sleeping.
– Attention please! We are doing presentation.
• Changing and development states
– Global temperature are increasing rapidly.
– Kids are growing so fast.
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18. • Irritating Actions
– They’re forever asking me to visit them.
– She’s always asking questions.
• Near Future
– I am not going to the party tonight.
– Is he visiting his parents next week.
• Thing happening now.
– We’re studying Core English.
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19. 3. Present Perfect Simple [M. Parrott (2000). Grammar for English
Language Teachers, page239]
Uses:
• Recently finished actions or Completed result.
– I’ve already painted the wall blue.
• Something has done several times in the past and
continue to do [LearningEnglish]
– I’ve played the guitar ever since I was a teenager.
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20. 3. Present Perfect Simple [M. Parrott (2000). Grammar for English
Language Teachers, page239]
Uses:
• After the (first, second, etc.) time
– Is this the first time she has flown?
• Talk about experience up to the present [LearningEnglish]
– I’ve known about inspection for weeks
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21. 4. Present Perfect Continuous [M. Parrott (2000). Grammar for English
Language Teachers, page237]
Uses:
• State verb (Like and want)
– I’ve been wanting to have an opportunity to talk to you.
• It can refer to an action that has not finished. [English Grammar
Secret]
– I’ve been using the swimming pool since we moved into the
district.
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22. 4. Present Perfect Continuous [M. Parrott (2000). Grammar for
English Language Teachers, page239]
Uses:
• We can use it to refer to an action that has finished
but you can still see evidence.
– Oh, the kitchen is a mess. Who has been cooking?
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23. 1. Future Simple
Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will"
and "be going to.”
Uses:
• "Will" often suggests that a speaker will do
something voluntarily.
– I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it.
– Will you make dinner?
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24. 1. Future Simple
Uses:
• "Will" to Express a Promise
– I will call you when I arrive.
– I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.
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25. 1. Future Simple
Uses:
• "Be going to" to express a Plan. It expresses the idea that
a person intends to do something in the future, and does
not matter whether the plan is realistic or not.
– Michelle is going to begin medical school next year.
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26. 1. Future Simple
Uses:
• "Will" or "Be Going to" to Express a Prediction.
– The year 2222 will be a very interesting year.
– The year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year.
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27. 2. Future Continuous
Future Continuous has two different forms: "will
be doing " and "be going to be doing." Unlike Simple
Future forms, Future Continuous forms are usually
interchangeable.
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28. 2. Future Continuous
Uses:
• Interrupted Action in the Future
– I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight.
– I will be waiting for you when your bus arrives.
Notice: you cannot use future tenses in time clauses.
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29. 2. Future Continuous
Uses:
• Specific Time as an Interruption in the Future
– Tonight at 6 PM, I am going to be eating dinner.
– At midnight tonight, we will still be driving through the
desert.
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30. 2. Future Continuous
Uses:
• Parallel Actions in the Future
– I am going to be studying and he is going to be making
dinner.
– Tonight, they will be eating dinner, discussing their plans,
and having a good time.
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31. 3. Future Perfect
Uses: [Englishpage.com]
• Completed Action Before Something in the Future
– I am not going to have finished this test by 3 o'clock.
– By next November, I will have received my promotion.
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32. 3. Future Perfect
Uses: [Englishpage.com]
• Duration Before Something in the Future (Non-
Continuous Verbs)
– I will have been in London for six months by the time I
leave.
– By Monday, Susan is going to have had my book for a
week.
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33. 3. Future Perfect Continuous
Uses: [Englishpage.com]
• to show that something will continue up until a
particular event or time in the future (How long.)
– They will have been talking for over an hour by the time
Thomas arrives.
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34. 3. Future Perfect Continuous
Uses: [Englishpage.com]
• Cause of Something in the Future
– Jason will be tired when he gets home because he will have
been jogging for over an hour.
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35. 1. Englishpage.com:
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/futureperfectcontinuous.html
2. Englishpage.com:
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/futureperfect.html
3. Englishpage.com:
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/presentcontinuous.html
4. Englishpage.com:
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplepresent.html
5. Englishpage.com:
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/pastperfectcontinuous.html
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36. 6. Martine Parrott (2000). Grammar for English Language Teachers: The
Present, page 188. United Kingdom, University Press, Cambridge.
7. Martine Parrott (2000). Grammar for English Language Teachers: The
Present Perfect, page 235. United Kingdom, University Press, Cambridge.
8. LearnEnglish: (Present Perfect):
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/english-grammar/verbs/present-
tense/present-perfect
9. English Grammar Secret: Present Perfect Continuous:
(https://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/presentperfectcontinuous/menu.
php)
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