STEM 12 BLock 4 , SY 2017-2018 Leon Ironwolf kennedy

1. Ken Michael A. Taban-ud
Mhiney Maghanoy
Charles Tan
Patrick ang

2.  Refers to the particular strategy used by writers to
develop ideas.
 Patterns of developmenthelp us sort out information
and shape paragraphs or essays. They can help
organize an outline, or depending on the purpose
they can determine the form that a paper will take.
 Development is the process of adding informative
and illustrative details to support the main idea in a
paragraph or essay. Also known as elaboration

3.  Prefered strategy when writing fiction
 Description of time and place draws readers
into other worlds and sets the stage where a
story can unfold.
 Description of characters, their appearance,
mannerisms, and utterances, helps us
imagine what people are like
 Can be Subjective or Objective

4. Subjective Description Objective Description
words are positively or
negatively charged, or
“connotative,” in that they
do convey a good or bad
impression of their subject.
These words convey
attitude, feeling,
perspective, mood—a
positive or negative
charge.
words are “neutral” or
“denotative” because they
aren’t likely to carry any
emotional charge. They
convey information but not
much feeling about that
information. They are
neutral because they don’t
make you feel positive or
negative about the subject
they describe.

6.  Caroline, or Sister Carrie, as she had been half
afffectionately termed by the family, was
possessed of a mind rudimentary in its power of
observation and analysis. Self-interest with her
was high, but not strong. It was nevertheless, her
guiding characteristic. Warm with the fancies of
youth, pretty with the insipid prettiness of the
formative period, possessed of a figure
promising eventual shapeliness and an eye alight
with certain native intelligence, she was a fair
example of the middle American class

7.  The Acer barbatum is a small to medium-sized,
deciduous tree usually ranging from 15–25 m.
(50–80 ft.) tall when mature. Bark is light gray
and smooth on younger trees, becoming ridged
and furrowed with age. Leaves are opposite and
shallowly to deeply palmately lobed, with a few
blunt teeth but no serrations. The leaf sinuses
are rounded, unlike those of red maple (Acer
rubrum) which are sharply V-shaped. Also, the
sides of terminal leaf lobes are more or less
parallel, while those of red maple are widest at
the base, tapering to the tip.

8.  A narrative is a story. As a method of
development, storytelling can be very
effective for the simple reason that people
love to hear stories
 Even when your purpose is to write an essay
that is primarily to inform, analyze or argue,
a narrative paragraph can be effective at
drawing the reader in and establishing your
voice in the essay

9.  The Use of Action Verbs and
Transitional Expressions
Ex: meanwhile, eventually, soon, later,
first, second, then, finally, also, besides,
furthermore, moreover, in addition, too
 The Controlling Idea in Narrative
Paragraphs
 Concrete and Specific Detail

10. Specific / General
 blue hamster / pet
 banana squash / vegetable
 red and white umbrella with a broken spoke / rain gear
Concrete / Abstract
 He kissed her and smiled into her eyes. / He loved her.
 Her hands were shaking and she was afraid her knees
would not support her. / She was scared.
 As the sun passed under the horizon, the sky turned hot
pink and gold, and rays of brighter gold fanned across the
sky into the high clouds above. / It was a beautiful sunset.

11.  A process analysis is a discussion of the steps
one must take to achieve a particular end.
 Some process analysis writing is intended for
an audience that needs to learn how to
perform a process themselves
 Other process analysis writing is informative
rather than instructional
 Some process analyses work on both levels,

14.  Sequence:
Typically, the steps in the process being described
happen in sequence over time, and so are presented in
chronological order. Process analysis paragraphs also
depend on transitional expressions such as "first,"
"second," "then," and "finally," to indicate the sequence
in which steps are to be taken.
 Audience:
Audience awareness is extremely important in process
analysis writing. The writer must have a clear sense of
the audience in order to know what to include, what to
leave out, how technical to be, and how formal or
informal to be

15.  How to get rid of a roommate—without
committing a crime
 How to succeed in (or flunk out of) college
 How to pitch a knuckleball
 How to plan the perfect party
 How to survive a night of babysitting
 How to pitch a tent in the rain
 How to housebreak your dog
 How to kick a bad habit
 How to overcome insomnia
 How to stay sober on a Saturday night
 How to rent your first apartment

16.  Uses examples to show, explain or prove a point.
Giving examples is the basis of all good writing
and speaking
 Writers use examples to make a general idea
clear—to illustrate an idea
 The illustration may be one long, extended
example, or it may be several short examples. It
may be a story, an anecdote, a quotation, or a
statistic.
 The key to a good illustration, however, no
matter which form it takes, is that it sheds light
on the general idea

17.  A single, long illustration allows
you to get in depth and explore
facts of an idea.
 A series of examples or statistical
information
 You may also choose to use
quotations to illustrate an idea.

18. In January 2003, voting activist Bev Harris was holed up in the basement of her
three-story house in Renton, Washington, searching the Internet for an electronic
voting machine manual, when she made a startling discovery. . . .
"There was a lot of stuff that shouldn't have been there," Harris said. . . . .
Harris discovered that she could enter the vote database using Microsoft Access
-- a standard program often bundled with Microsoft Office -- and change votes
without leaving a trace. Diebold hadn't password-protected the file or secured
the audit log, so anyone with access to the tabulation program during an
election -- Diebold employees, election staff or even hackers if the county server
were connected to a phone line -- could change votes and alter the log to erase
the evidence.
"It was getting scarier and scarier," Harris said. "I was thinking we have an
immense problem here that's much bigger than me."
Over the past year, doubts about the accuracy and integrity of e-voting
equipment have been growing, thanks to Harris' discovery.

19.  Modern humans are bacteria-killing
machines. We assassinate microbes with hand
soap, mouthwash and bathroom cleaners. It
feels clean and right. But some scientists say
we're overdoing it. All this killing may actually
cause diseases like eczema, irritable bowel
syndrome and even diabetes. The answer,
they say, is counterintuitive: Feed patients
bacteria.

20. Using quotations to illustrate an idea
 Chávez was an ethical vegan and vocal advocate of
animal rights. He stated, "I feel very deeply about
vegetarianism and the animal kingdom. It was my dog
Boycott who led me to question the right of humans to
eat other sentient beings." He also said, "Kindness and
compassion towards all living beings is a mark of a
civilized society. Racism, economic deprival, dog
fighting and cock fighting, bullfighting and rodeos are
all cut from the same defective fabric: violence. Only
when we have become nonviolent towards all life will
we have learned to live well ourselves." (Wikipedia)

21.  Division and classification are related
methods for organizing objects or
information. In division, we divide a general
category of things into smaller subcategories
 Classification essays, like division essays,
break a topic into subtopics -- with a
difference. Instead of simply dividing a topic
into groups, a classification essay rates or
ranks the groups according to a common
standard.

22.  What are the classification of essay?
Definition: In a classification essay, we
organize things into categories and give
examples of things that fit into each category.
For example, if you choose to write about types
of computers (PCs and servers), each of your
developmental paragraphs will define the
characteristics of a different computer type.

25.  Classification Structure:
 I. Introduction
 · States thesis
 II. Body
 · Identifies, in separate paragraphs, the various categories, with examples
 III. Conclusion
 · Restates the categories of the thesis and, as a significance—or answer to
 the question “so what?” implied in any composition, stresses the value of
 this classification system
 Division Structure:
 I. Introduction
 · States thesis (idea or object to be analyzed, and to what end)
 II. Body
 · Renders the parts, in separate paragraphs, with examples and with
 transitional materials to provide a sense of their inter-relatedness
 III. Conclusion
 · Restates the parts of the thesis and (the significance—see Classification
 outline, part III) attempts a synthesis or new understanding of the
 constituent parts

26.  Knowing your goal is also important. For
example, a student might write an essay
about the problems created in society by the
cell phone; for this student, dividing these
problems into categories—cell phones as a
social problem, and cell phones as a cause of
accidents and physical injury—will help the
student develop a clear argument. Classifying
cell phones according to size, price,
convenience, and appearance would not be
an effective system for this argument.

27.  In a definition paragraph, the writer's goal is
to help the reader understand new terms or
concepts, or to come to new understanding
of terms they may be familiar with
 Definition is very important in the sciences,
where the terminology is extensive and
discipline-specific.
 There are two types of Definition; Subjective
and Objective.

28.  Scientific Definition:
Bacterial endocarditis occurs when bacteria in the
bloodstream (bacteremia) lodge on abnormal heart
valves or other damaged heart tissue. Certain
bacteria normally live on parts of your body, such
as the mouth and upper respiratory system, the
intestinal and urinary tracts, and the skin. Some
surgical and dental procedures cause a brief
bacteremia. Bacteremia is common after many
invasive procedures, but only certain bacteria
commonly cause endocarditis.

29.  Subjective Definition:
. . . “[I]diot” is not a nice word to call somebody,
and I find myself asking, as Mr. Welch did of
Senator Joseph McCarthy, “Have you no sense of
decency, sir?” Throughout my life, I have had to
struggle to keep from thinking of myself in the
limiting way that word implies. So, for the record, I
would like it known that I am not an “idiot.” I am a
person who suffers from idiocy. Nobody knows
what it is like to deal with crippling bouts of idiocy
while trying to lead a normal life. The last thing I
need is for somebody to make it harder by pointing
out what an “idiot” I am.

30.  By characteristics or features
 By function
 By what it is not
 By what it is similar to
 By example
 By its origins

31.  A cause and effect development techniques
are typically discussed together. However, in
a particular paragraph, one or the other will
be emphasized
 paragraph emphasizing the causes of
something typically begins with an effect; the
purpose of the paragraph is to explore how
that effect came to be—to show what caused
it

32.  paragraph emphasizing causes:
Aswe is a very successful businessman. He is
where he is right now because of his hardwork
and dedication.
 paragraph emphasizing effect:
Patrick did not study last night. As a result, He
got zero in the quiz today.

33.  In a cause and/or effect paragraph, the writer
needs to know which factor to emphasize:
cause or effect
 It’s not Ok to write "There are several causes
and effects for . . . " A controlling idea like
this merely establishes a fact; no purpose has
been identified for discussing the cause and
effect relationship.
 Using transition words to emphasize cause
and effect relationships between Idea

34.  Words and phrases showing cause: because,
since, is due to, is caused by
 Words and phrases showing consequence: as
a result, consequently, therefore, it follows,
then, for this reason,

35.  In an analysis paragraph, the goal
is to understand a subject by
examining its parts.

36.  Strong analysis depends on a clear sense of purpose, solid evidence,
and careful explanation of the significance of the evidence.
 The first thing a writer must do in writing the analytical paragraph is
develop a sense of confidence about what should be asserted about
a subject.
 To get to this point of confidence takes hard work: rereading a text
or examining a subject several times to become familiar with the
contents, doing research, taking notes, and then deciding what the
evidence suggests.
 Once a writer has developed an interpretation of or conclusion about
a subject, evidence must be selected that best supports the
interpretation or conclusion.
 Finally, the writer needs to present the evidence in an orderly way
and provide enough explanation of the evidence for the reader to
understand how it relates to and supports the writer's idea.

37.  Analogy can be highly effective for extended
definitions because in analogy, one explains
something that is difficult to understand
through comparison with something that is
more readily understood.

38.  Writing analogy is one of the more difficult
forms of writing, but it can also be a lot of
fun. A good way to get started is to use the
phrase (subject) is like . . . Search your brain
for the features of your subject and see if you
can think of other subjects that share these
features.

39.  Being born is like being kidnapped. And then
sold into slavery. —Andy Warhol
 No matter how much Bill Gates may claim
otherwise, he missed the Internet, like a
barreling freight train that he didn't hear or
see coming. —Jim Clark
 Pig is to pork and cow is to beef
 Panel is to Door and Pane is to Window
 Gas is to Car and Wood is to Fire

40. You can be the peanut butter to my jelly
You can be the butterflies I feel in my belly
You can be the captain and I can be your first mate
You can be the chills that I feel on our first date
'Cause you're the apple to my pie (pie)
You're the straw to my berry (berry)
You're the smoke to my high (high)
And you're the one I wanna marry (marry)
You can be the prince and I can be your princess
You can be the sweet tooth I can be the dentist
You can be the shoes and I can be the laces
You can be the heart that I spill on the pages

41.  Identify what pattern of development is being
used in the following paragraphs.
Do or Die !

42. I think the sun was my first lover. It left me
breathless with its beauty, lit up my otherwise
darkened life, and filled me with a living light. It’s
no wonder that this golden beauty courted me in
the summer time, searing my skin a burning red
when I stayed too long. This painful inflammation
from our extended cavorts in the afternoon
reminded me that there were limitations on
happiness.
The crime that is allegedly committed by
Mhiney is not true. The evidences that
the victims gave are not enough to prove
his guilt of such crime. As Carl Sagan
said, “Extraordinary Claims require
Extraordinary Evidence” . Due to the
lack of evidence, Mhiney is not guilty and
was set free after being detained for a
month.
Day is to Month and Minute is to Hour
First, Make an Observation. Scientists are
naturally curious about the world. Second,
Form a Question. Third, After making an
interesting observation, a scientific mind itches
to find out more about it. Fourth, Form a
Hypothesis. Fifth,
Conduct an Experiment. Sixth,
Analyse the Data and Lastly, draw a
Conclusion.
a tube with a nozzle and piston or bulb for
sucking in and ejecting liquid in a thin
stream, used for cleaning wounds or body
cavities, or fitted with a hollow needle for
injecting or withdrawing fluids.
A student writes an essay about the issue in
the banning of Unli-Rice. He gathers
information and makes an outline. He
divides them into sub topics. He discusses
about the causes of raising the suggestion
of banning unli-rice and how banning of
unli-rice affects the lives of Filipinos.
A student is doing a research on his own. He has
already gathered enough data and to come up with
a good and valid result, he studies the parts and
carefully look through the small details of the
gathered data to come up with the interpreted
results. To understand the whole process he must
study the parts of it. What process or pattern of
development is he using?
Because of her ignorance and dishonesty,
the man that was about to marry her got
disappointed and depressed and with such
condition, the man died after being hit by a
car.
Last night, I had a wondeful evening
with a girl named Valerie. She and I
drank red wine and talked a lot. After
drinking, we danced a little and asked
her a question before she goes home.
After driving her back to her house, I
went to Ozamiz City for an
appointment. It was 12 in the evening
when I got there. A minute later, my
phone rung and she texted Yes. I did not
mention what’s the question that made
her said yes. Eventually, we got married.

43. Narration
Analogy
Process
AnalysisDescription Definition Analysis
Cause
and
Effect
Illustration
Division and
Classification
Subjective
Objective
Scientific
Subjective
Informational
Instructional