AWS Community Day CPH - Three problems of Terraform
ASM Final Project
1. Advanced Spectrum Management (ASM)
GSMA Capacity Building ASM May 2019
Spectrum and Infrastructure Sharing
Lia Hafiza
2. Radiocommunication System
Definition of Telecommunication (ITU):
“any transmission, emission or reception of signs, signals,
writings, images and sounds or intelligence of any nature by wire,
radio, optical or other electromagnetic systems.”
3. Frequency Allocation
• The allocation of the spectrum in the
world is divided into 3 regions,
namely: Region 1, Region 2 and
Region 3.
• The frequency band for the mobile
network operator is the frequency
that is on the Ultra High Frequency
(UHF) band. UHF frequency is in the
range 300 MHz to 3 GHz, which at
this frequency is also called the
“sweet spot” because it can be used
for cellular, TV and Wi-Fi.
4. Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia 1995,
Article 28F
“setiap orang berhak untuk berkomunikasi dan memperoleh informasi
untuk mengembangkan pribadi dan lingkungan sosial, serta berhak
untuk mencari, memperoleh, memiliki, menyimpan, mengolah, dan
menyampaikan informasi dengan menggunakan segala jenis saluran
yang tersedia”
(each person has the right to communicate and obtain information to
develop personal and social environment, and has the right to seek,
obtain, possess, store, process, and convey information using all types
of available channels).
5. Infrastructure Sharing
• There are a number of concepts that are central to understanding the
policy and regulatory framework governing sharing. These concepts
include: passive and active infrastructure; essential (or bottleneck)
facilities; and open access.
• Passive Sharing: Electrical cables, fiber optic cables, masts and pylons, physical
space on the ground, towers, rooftops, or other premises, shelter and support
cabinets, electrical power supply, air conditioning, alarm systems, and other
equipment.
• Active Sharing: The Node-B (the base station next to an antenna), Radio
Network Controller.
6. Future Telecom Industry
New Business
Future of Telecom Industry
(Telecom Application Developer Summit 2015)
Maximize Cost
Solutions:
7. RAN Sharing
>60% of MNO in the world
are done with RAN-Sharing
to maximize cost savings
1. EBITDA / Revenue Pressure 2. Scarcity of Spectrum 3. Government Policy
9. Analysis of Legal Aspect
(Spectrum Frequency in Indonesia)
Law No
36/1999
Government
Regulation
53/2000
10. Regulation Article
Law No. 36 1999 about
Telecommunication
• Article 7 about Administrator
• Article 11 about Licensing
• Article 47 about Criminal Provisions
• Article 26 about Biaya Hak Penyelenggaraan (BHP)
(costs of operating rights)
• Article 27 about Tariffs
• Article 33 about Radio Frequency Spectrum
• Article 34 about Radio Frequency Spectrum
11. Regulation Article
Government Regulation No. 53 2000 about
Radio Frequency Spectrum and Satellite Orbit
• Article 3 about coaching
• Article 15 about usage
• Article 16 about usage
• Article 17 about licensing
• Article 25 about licensing
• Article 29 about the costs of operating rights
(BHP) of the radio frequency spectrum
• Article 30
12. • Pursuant to the prevailing regulations in Indonesia, each telecommunications
operation can be held after obtaining a ministerial permit and violations of this
matter may be subject to criminal.
• In addition to telecommunications operations, the use of the frequency spectrum
must also obtain a ministerial permit and its use is appropriate and not mutually
interference and subject to usage rights fees (BHP) paid annually.
• The Minister also has the functions of determination, policy, regulation,
supervision and control in the use of the frequency spectrum.
• The use of shared frequencies discussed in Government Regulation 53/2000,
shared frequency usage between operators in Indonesia has not been regulated,
so that the implementation of telecommunications with the use of a shared
frequency spectrum can be carried out with ministerial permission.
• But, if there is a potential that spectrum sharing can change the competition
between operators so it needs further study.
• As well as other things that need to be studied is the potential for a BHP double
charge (Government Regulation 53/2000 Article 30) because each operator is
required to pay BHP, but in the shared usage scheme how to pay BHP is not yet
explained.
13. References
• Internation Telecomunications Union, “Economic Aspects of Spectrum Management,” 2014.
• M. Ectors, “The Top 5 Telecom Problems can be Solved,” TAD Summit, 2015. [Online]. Available:
https://insights.ubuntu.com/2015/11/20/the-top-5-telecom-problems-can-be-solved.
• DIREKTORAT JENDERAL PENYELENGGARAAN POS DAN INFORMATIKA, PROFIL INDUSTRI SELULER TAHUN 2017. 2017.
• Coleago Consulting, “Mobile Network Infrastructure Sharing,” no. May, 2016.
• Prampilini F., “Telco 2015 Five Telling years , Four Future Scenarios,” p. 79, 2010.
• M. Minges, “Exploring the Relationship Between Broadband and Economic Growth,” World Dev. Rep., vol. 1, p. 21, 2016.
• J. Pahl, Interference Analysis: Modelling Radio Systems for Spectrum Management. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016.
• C. B. and L. Srivastava, “TELECOMMUNICATIONS REGULATION HANDBOOK,” vol. Tenth Anni, 2011.
Radiocommunication systems have come a long way from the first experiments of Hertz and Marconi to today’s smartphone. The complexity of some of today’s radiocommunication systems makes the task of analysing interference more complicated, but fundamentally it remains to be about the same concept: power
The allocation of the spectrum in the world is divided into 3 regions, namely: Region 1, Region 2 and Region 3. Region 1 covers the entire territory of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Turkey and Ukraine and the northern region of Russia located between line A and C. Region 2 covers the territory bounded to the east by line B and to the west by line C. Region 3 covers the territory bounded to the east by line C and to the west by line A except the territory of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Turkey and Ukraine and northern regions of Russia. This region also covers the territorial sections of the Islamic Republic of Iran which lie beyond the limits mentioned above.
The frequency band for the mobile network operator is the frequency that is on the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band. UHF frequency is in the range 300 MHz to 3 GHz, which at this frequency is also called the “sweet spot” because it can be used for cellular, TV and Wi-Fi. The following table is the allocation table of existing spectrum bandwidth for mobile network operators in Indonesia which is divided into 6 bands; 450 MHz, 850MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz, 2100 MHz and 2300 MHz bands.
From this statement we can understand that the telecommunications sector is regulated by the state because it has an interest in guaranteeing the rights of everyone, besides the spectrum is an important part of wireless communication which is also a limited resource owned by the state. Because of state ownership, the economic spectrum must be used as efficiently as possible in the national interest so as to provide optimal benefits for the country.
Commercial considerations, rather than regulatory mandates, appear to be driving the increasing trend for MNOs to adopt a variety of infrastructure models. Network sharing may take many forms, ranging from passive sharing of cell sites and masts to sharing of radio access networks (RANs) and other active elements such as network roaming and the core.
While the telecommunications industry itself is predicted to decline, to deal with this there is a solution offered, namely entering into a new business model related to the presence of IoT so that it can face the era of tsunami wave data in the future, or the second solution is to maximize savings on expenditure. What will be discussed in this study is savings.
More than 60% of MNOs in the world have conducted RAN Sharing as a solution to spending savings. There are some things that drive this sharing; pressure from Earning Before Interest Taxes Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA), the scarcity of the frequency spectrum and government policy
Broadband penetration have a significant impact on GDP growth ranging from 0.26% to 0.85% for each ten percentage point of increase. Total area of Indonesia is 1,899,753 km2 with a percentage of 2G signal is 59.07%, 3G signal is 33.50% and 4G signal is 14.15%. However, if the size of the settlement area in Indonesia is 44,565 km2, then the percentage of 2G signal is 98.13%, 3G signal is 92.91%, and 4G signal is 74.09%.
Here are some regulations related to Sharing implementation in Indonesia
