This document discusses obesity, nutrition, and metabolic syndrome. It defines obesity as excess adipose tissue mass, which is commonly measured by body mass index. Obesity can lead to type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, respiratory diseases, cancers, and other health issues. Metabolic syndrome is defined as a cluster of conditions that increase heart disease and diabetes risk, including abdominal obesity, high blood sugar, high triglycerides, low HDL, and high blood pressure. Intermittent fasting is discussed as a treatment approach, including different methods like 16/8 and 5:2 fasting. Nutrition topics covered include macronutrients, energy requirements, protein requirements, and the concept of a colorful plate for a balanced diet.

1. Topic :- OBESITY,NUTRITION, METABOLIC SYNDROME
Update (2020)
Dr Rahul JainDr Sharda Jain
for Gynaecologist & Surgery Specialist

2. Over 400 ppts are available on
slideshare.net ***for use of public/Doctors
www.slideshare.net / Lifecarecentre

3. B Y - D R R A H U L J A I N
G U I D E - D R S H A R D A J A I N
OBESITY,NUTRITION,
METABOLIC SYNDROME

4. OBESITY
 OBESITY IS A STATE OF EXCESS ADIPOSE
TISSUE MASS
 MOST COMMON WAY TO MEASURE OBESITY IS
BODY MASS INDEX(KG/M2)

6. PATHOGENESIS-
PROGRESSION OF INSULIN RESISTANCE
Adipose
cell

7. PATHOLOGIC CONSEQUENCES OF OBESITY-
 TYPE 2 DM AND INSULIN RESISTANCE
 REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS
 CVS DISORDERS-CAD,STROKE,CHF
 PULMONARY DIS.-OSA,OBESITY
HYPOVENTILATION SYNDROME
 LIVER-NAFLD,NASH

8.  BONE AND JOINT DISEASES-OSTEOARHRITIS
 SKIN DISEASES-ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS
 CANCERS-
ESOPHAGUS,COLON,RECTUM,PANCREAS,LIVER
,PROSTATE,GALL BLADDER,CORPUS CANCER
SYNDROME,ENDOMETRIUM,BREAST

9. METABOLIC SYNDROME-
 3/5 SHOULD FULFILL
TRIGLYCERIDES>150MG/DL
HDL(MALES<50MG/DL)
(FEMALES<40MG/DL)
FASTING GLUCOSE>=100MG/DL
BP>130/85MMHG
ABDOMINAL GIRTH(MALE->=102,94CM)
(FEMALE->=88,80CM)

10. DEFINITION-
 THE METABOLIC SYNDROME (SYNDROME X,
INSULIN RESISTANCE SYNDROME)
 CONSISTS OF A CONSTELLATION OF
METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES THAT CONFER
INCREASED RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASE (CVD) AND DIABETES MELLITUS .

11. ETIOLOGY-
 INSULIN RESISTANCE(BEGINS WHEN FREE
FATTY ACIDS ARE MORE IN BLOOD)
 LEPTIN RESISTANCE
 INCREASED WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE(CENTRAL
OBESITY)
 GLUCOSE TOLERANCE(MARKER OF INSULIN
RESISTANCE)
 PRO INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES(IL-1,IL-6,IL-
19, TNF- APLHA)-ADIPOSE TISSUE DERIVED
MACROPHAGES
 DYSLIPIDEMIA

12. ETIOLOGY-
 HYPERTENSION-
NORMALLY-INSULIN>VASODILATOR WITH
SECONDARY EFFECT OF SODIUM REABSORPTION
IN KIDNEY.
INSULIN RESISTANCE>ONLY SODIUM
REABSORPTION
INSULIN ALSO INCREASES SYMPATHETIC
DISCHARGE
HYPERURICEMIA
ROLE OF PRO INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES

13. PATHOGENESIS-
 (ABDOMINAL OBESITY)FFA RELEASE>INSULIN
RELEASE>IN LIVER,FFA RELEASE STIMULATES
PRODUCTION OF GLUCOSE(HYPERGLYCEMIA)
AND VLDL AND ↓HDL AND ↑LDL
 FFA ALSO DECREASES INSULIN SENSITIVITY IN
MUSCLES SINCE INHIBHITS INSULIN MEDIATED
GLUCOSE UPTAKE
 HYPERGLYCEMIA AGAIN STIMULATED INSULIN
RELEASE

15. TREATMENT-
 RISK FACTOR CONTROL
 WEIGHT REDUCTION
 DIET CONTROL
 RESTRICTION OF SMOKING AND ALCOHOL
 LIFE STYLE CHANGES
 INTERMITTENT FASTING

16. FASTING AND INTERMITTENT FASTING

17. TYPES OF INTERMITTENT FASTING-
 16/8 METHOD
 5:2 FASTING
 12 HOUR FASTING
 ALTERNATE DAY FASTING

18. ANTI AGING AND FASTING?

19. MECHANISM-

20. OTHER WAYS TO DELAY AGEING-
 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE
 METORMIN
 HORMESIS
 RED WINE AND GRAPES

21. NUTRITION-
 NUTREINTS ARE ORGANIC AND INORGANIC
COMPLEXES CONTAINED IN FOOD.2 TYPES
 1.MACRONUTRIENTS-FORMS THE MAIN BULK
 PROTEINS(10-15%)
 FATS(15-30%)
 CARBOHYDRATES(50-70%)

22. ENERGY REQUIREMENTS-
 PROTEIN-4KCAL/GM
 CARBOHYDRATES-4KCAL/GM
 FATS-9KCAL/GM
 HOW TO CALCULATE ENERGY REQUIREMENTS
TILL PUBERTY?
 100KCAL/KG UPTIL 10KG BODY WT
 50KCAL/KG FOR 10-20KGS
 20KCAL/KG FOR >20KGS

24. ENERGY REQUIREMENTS-
 MAN-
1. SEDENTARY WORK-2320 KCAL/DAY
2. MODERATE WORK-2730KCL/DAY
3. HEAVY WORK-3490KCAL/DAY
 WOMAN(PREG+350,LACTATION+600)
1. SEDENTARY WORK-1900 KCAL/DAY
2. MODERATE WORK-2230KCL/DAY
3. HEAVY WORK-2850KCAL/DAY

25. PROTEIN REQUIREMENT-
 FOR CHILDREN-
 0.9 GM/KG BODY WT/DAY
 FOR ADULTS-
 0.8 GM/KG BODY WT/DAY

26. BALANCED DIET

27. COLOURFUL PLATE CONCEPT-

28.  THANK YOU?
 ANY QUESTIONS?