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ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
Lifespan Development: Adolescence Powerpoint
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4. • Physical Development in Adolescence
• Cognitive Development in Adolescence
• Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
• Cultural and Societal Influences on Adolescent Development
Human Development > Adolescence
Adolescence
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5. Physical Development in Adolescence
• Some of the most significant parts of pubertal development involve distinctive
physiological changes in an individual's height, weight, body composition, and
circulatory and respiratory systems.These changes are largely influenced by
hormonal activity.
• Puberty is the stage in life in which a child develops secondary sex characteristics
(such as a deeper voice in boys; and development of breasts, and more curved
and prominent hips in girls), as his or her hormonal balance shifts strongly
towards an adult state.
• Girls usually complete puberty by ages 15 to 17, and boys usually complete
puberty by ages 16 to 17.Girls attain reproductive maturity about four years after
the first physical changes of puberty appear.
• The first places to grow are the extremities (head, hands, and feet), followed by
the arms and legs, then the torso and shoulders.This non-uniform growth is one
reason why an adolescent body may seem out of proportion.
• Primary sex characteristics are those directly related to the sex organs, whereas
secondary sex characteristics include every change that is not directly related to
sexual reproduction.
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Puberty
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Human Development > Adolescence
6. Cognitive Development in Adolescence
• Jean Piaget describes adolescence as the stage of life in which the individual's
thoughts start taking more of an abstract form, and egocentric thoughts
decrease.This allows an individual to think and reason in a wider perspective.
• The constructivist view, based on the work of Piaget, takes a quantitative, state-theory
approach, hypothesizing that adolescents' cognitive improvement is
relatively sudden and drastic.
• The information-processing perspective derives from the study of artificial
intelligence and attempts to explain cognitive development in terms of the growth
of specific components of the thinking process.
• The final stage of Piaget's developmental theory is the formal operational stage.It
marks a movement from an ability to think and reason from concrete visible
events, to an ability to think hypothetically, and to entertain 'what-if' possibilities
about the world.
• Metacognition is relevant in social cognition, resulting in increased introspection,
self-consciousness, and intellectualization.Adolescents are more likely to question
others' assertions, and less likely to accept facts as absolute truths.
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Jean Piaget
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Human Development > Adolescence
7. Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
• Adolescents must explore, test limits, become autonomous, and commit to an
identity, or sense of self.
• Early in adolescence, cognitive developments result in greater self-awareness;
greater awareness of others, and their thoughts and judgments; the ability to think
about abstract, future possibilities; and the ability to consider multiple possibilities
at once.
• Differentiation occurs as an adolescent recognizes the contextual influences on
his or her own behavior and the perceptions of others, and begins to qualify
personal traits.
• Unlike the conflicting aspects of self-concept, identity represents a coherent
sense of self stable across circumstances and inclusive of past experiences and
future goals.
• Self-esteem is one's thoughts and feelings about one's self-concept and identity.
• When an adolescent has advanced cognitive development and maturity, he or
she tends to resolve identity issues more so than peers who are less cognitively
developed.
Identity
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Human Development > Adolescence
8. Cultural and Societal Influences on Adolescent Development
• When children go through puberty, there is often a significant increase in parent-child
conflict, and a less cohesive familial bond.
• As children begin to gain bonds with various people, they start to form friendships,
which can be beneficial to development.Strong peer groups are especially
important during adolescence when parental supervision decreases and
interaction with peers increases.
• Culture is learned and socially shared and affects all aspects of an individual's
life.Social responsibilities, sexual expression, and belief system development are
all things that are likely to vary by culture.
• Peer groups offer members the opportunity to develop social skills but can also
have negative influences via peer pressure.
• Often, crowd identities may be the basis for stereotyping young people, such as
jocks or nerds.In large, multi-ethnic high schools, there are often ethnically-determined
crowds as well.
• Culture is learned and socially shared, and it affects all aspects of an individual's
life.Social responsibilities, sexual expression, and belief system development, for
instance, are all likely to vary based on culture.
The parent-child relationship
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Human Development > Adolescence
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Appendix
10. Key terms
• adolescence The transitional period of physical and psychological development between childhood and maturity.
• differentiation The act of distinguishing or describing a thing, by giving its different, or specific difference; exact definition or
determination.
• egocentrism The constant following of one's egotistical desires to an extreme, usually involving a severe lack of extroverted
tendencies.
• gonad A sex organ that produces gametes; specifically, a testicle or ovary.
• introspection A looking inward; the act or process of self-examination, or inspection of one's own thoughts and feelings; the
cognition which the mind has of its own acts and states; self-consciousness.
• mnemonic device Any specific learning technique that aids information retention.
• peer pressure encouragement by others in one's age group to act or behave in a certain way.
• precocious Characterized by exceptionally early development or maturity.
• prefrontal cortex The anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain, lying in front of the motor and premotor areas; a part of the
brain associated with higher cognition
• puberty The age at which a person is first capable of sexual reproduction
• puberty The age at which a person is first capable of sexual reproduction
• self-esteem confidence in one's own worth; self-respect
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Human Development
11. Identity
Adolescence is the period of life between the onset of puberty and the full commitment to an adult social role.It is the period known for the formation of
personal and social identity.
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Wordpress. "Personal Identity | Bodhi Leaf." License: Other http://bodhileaf.wordpress.com/2010/01/12/personal-identity/ View on Boundless.com
Human Development
12. Jean Piaget
Jean Piaget describes adolescence as the stage of life in which the individual's thoughts start taking more of an abstract form, and egocentric thoughts
decrease.
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Human Development
13. Community
Culture is learned and socially shared, and it affects all aspects of an individual's life.Social responsibilities, sexual expression, and belief system
development, for instance, are all things that are likely to vary by culture.
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Wikipedia. "Community." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community View on Boundless.com
Human Development
14. Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development includes four stages: sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, and formal operational.
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Wikispaces. "mcmETEC5303 - My Stance on Educational Technology, by Jean Piaget." CC BY
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Human Development
15. The parent-child relationship
When children go through puberty, there is often a significant increase in parent-child conflict, and a less cohesive familial bond.
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Human Development
16. Puberty
Girls usually complete puberty by ages 15 to 17, and boys usually complete puberty by ages 16 to 17.Girls attain reproductive maturity about four years
after the first physical changes of puberty appear.
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Human Development
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Human Development
What change(s) occur during puberty?
A) There is increased hair growth in certain parts of the body
B) Puberty is a time of increased strength and endurance
C) All of these answers
D) Hormones signal the body to grow faster
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Human Development
What change(s) occur during puberty?
A) There is increased hair growth in certain parts of the body
B) Puberty is a time of increased strength and endurance
C) All of these answers
D) Hormones signal the body to grow faster
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Human Development
Which of the following is a reason adolescents feel that they are
invincible?
A) Personal fable
B) Abstraction
C) Scientific thinking
D) Imaginary audience
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Human Development
Which of the following is a reason adolescents feel that they are
invincible?
A) Personal fable
B) Abstraction
C) Scientific thinking
D) Imaginary audience
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Human Development
The behavior of an adolescent will most likely be guided by:
A) Peer influence
B) Parental conflict
C) Religious beliefs
D) Cognitive skills
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Human Development
The behavior of an adolescent will most likely be guided by:
A) Peer influence
B) Parental conflict
C) Religious beliefs
D) Cognitive skills
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Human Development
Young adolescents are most likely to identify what as their main
identity source?
A) Social aspects
B) Gender
C) Race
D) Sports played
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Human Development
Young adolescents are most likely to identify what as their main
identity source?
A) Social aspects
B) Gender
C) Race
D) Sports played
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Human Development
What characterizes the parent-teen relationship during
adolescence?
A) The frequency and intensity of parent-teen conflict is high.
B) Parent relationships are generally undermined by peer relationships.
C) Although peer influence grows, parents continue to be the most
influential in the life of teens.
D) Teens report having religious, political, and general beliefs very
different from their parents.
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Human Development
What characterizes the parent-teen relationship during
adolescence?
A) The frequency and intensity of parent-teen conflict is high.
B) Parent relationships are generally undermined by peer relationships.
C) Although peer influence grows, parents continue to be the most
influential in the life of teens.
D) Teens report having religious, political, and general beliefs very
different from their parents.
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Human Development
How do peer friendships in adolescence differ from those in
childhood?
A) Friendships tend to be more complex and teenagers tend to have
multiple layers of friend groups.
B) Friendships tend to be more dynamic and subject to change.
C) Friendships tend to be more complex and teenagers tend to have
multiple layers of friend groups, AND friendships tend to be more
dynamic and subject to change.
D) Teenagers tend to have friends dissimilar to themselves in terms of
gender, age and interests.
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Human Development
How do peer friendships in adolescence differ from those in
childhood?
A) Friendships tend to be more complex and teenagers tend to have
multiple layers of friend groups.
B) Friendships tend to be more dynamic and subject to change.
C) Friendships tend to be more complex and teenagers tend to have
multiple layers of friend groups, AND friendships tend to be more
dynamic and subject to change.
D) Teenagers tend to have friends dissimilar to themselves in terms of
gender, age and interests.
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Human Development
An adolescent is most likely to experience high self-esteem when:
A) They have a good relationship with their parents.
B) All of these answers.
C) They have not been rejected by their peers.
D) They have at least one close friendship.
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Human Development
An adolescent is most likely to experience high self-esteem when:
A) They have a good relationship with their parents.
B) All of these answers.
C) They have not been rejected by their peers.
D) They have at least one close friendship.
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Human Development
Which of the following describes a behavior from Piaget's formal
operational stage of development?
A) Hypothetical thinking
B) Abstract reasoning
C) Both hypothetical thinking and abstract reasoning
D) Neither hypothetical thinking nor abstract reasoning
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Human Development
Which of the following describes a behavior from Piaget's formal
operational stage of development?
A) Hypothetical thinking
B) Abstract reasoning
C) Both hypothetical thinking and abstract reasoning
D) Neither hypothetical thinking nor abstract reasoning
33. Human Development
Attribution
• Wikipedia. "Developmental psychology." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_psychology#Adolescence
• Wikipedia. "Adolescent psychology." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolescent_psychology#Biological_development
• Wiktionary. "gonad." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gonad
• Wiktionary. "puberty." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/puberty
• Wiktionary. "precocious." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/precocious
• Wikipedia. "Adolescent psychology." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolescent_psychology#Biological_development
• Wikipedia. "Piaget's theory of cognitive development." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piaget%2527s_theory_of_cognitive_development#Formal_operational_stage
• Wikipedia. "Cognitive development." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_development#Formal_operational_stage
• Wikipedia. "Adolescent psychology." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolescent_psychology#Cognitive_development
• Wiktionary. "egocentrism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/egocentrism
• Wiktionary. "introspection." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/introspection
• Wikipedia. "mnemonic device." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/mnemonic+device
• Wiktionary. "prefrontal cortex." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prefrontal+cortex
• Wikipedia. "Developmental psychology." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_psychology#Adolescence
• Wikipedia. "Identity formation." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_formation
• Wikipedia. "Adolescent psychology." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolescent_psychology#Identity_development
• Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//management/Free to share, print, make copies and chadngeefsi.n Giteito ynou/rds iafft ewrwewn.btoiuantdiolesns.com
34. • Wiktionary. "self-esteem." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/self-esteem
• Wikipedia. "Identity formation." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_formation
• Wikipedia. "Adolescent psychology." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolescent_psychology
• Wikipedia. "Adolescent psychology." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolescent_psychology
• Wikipedia. "peer pressure." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/peer+pressure
• Wiktionary. "adolescence." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/adolescence
• Wiktionary. "puberty." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/puberty
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Human Development