Presented by David Langley at: 8th European Innovation Summit 14 - 17 November 2016 European Parliament Brussels, Belgium

1. NEW BUSINESS MODELS
AND OPPORTUNITIES
THE CASE OF THE MAKER MOVEMENT
DAVID LANGLEY david.langley@tno.nl
8th European Innovation Summit
European Parliament, Brussels, 16 November 2016
Joint Institute For Innovation Policy Annual Symposium: The
Effect Of Digitisation On Society

2. If you don’t like it, don’t just complain.
Offer real alternatives and compete!

3. Contents
• The MAKE-IT project
• Opportunities and threats of the Maker Movement
• Economic impact
• Social impact
• Implications for Innovation Policy

4. Multidisciplinary research into
the Maker Movement

5. About MAKE-IT
• January 2016 – December 2017
• Partner Organizations:

6. From bits to atoms

7. Het MAKE-IT project: focus
CAPS: Collective awareness platforms

8. About MAKE-IT
• Case studies of ten maker initiatives
• Innovation Action Research

10. What is the role of digitization in the
Maker Movement?
• Free access to high-tech design and production facilities
• Collaborative technologies
• Sensor networks: becoming more aware of the
environment and our effect on it
• Making data comprehensible
• Leading to:
• Realization that a different production paradigm is possible
• Change towards responsible behaviour
• Citizen participation, creativity and empowerment
• Political / economic change?

11. Will the Maker Movement succeed where
the Arts and Crafts movement failed?
• Evgeny Morozov: The Arts and Crafts movement failed
• Too much time on “rag-rugs, baskets, and . . . exhibitions of work chiefly
by amateurs”
• No political dimension demanding equality
• Spirit of labor reform became simply D.I.Y. tinkering
• We observe anti-establishment culture in the Maker Movement
• Parallels with Donald Trump’s election, European anti-EU Sentiment like
Brexit
• Basis is sharing
• Citizens in control
• Rejection of neo-liberal capitalism: Trickle-down turns out to be trickle-up
• E.g. FabLab Zagreb wants to move away from university
• Will Makers push for political and legal reforms?
• Transparency and decentralization of power – and data
• Diametrically opposite to TTIP

12. Economic impact:
The Maker Mindset
• Sharing economy
• Sharing knowledge, designs, components,
• Tension between sharing and commercialization
• Sharing sensor data
• Who uses what?
• Who is responsible for pollution?
• Everything as a service

13. Environmental impact of the
Maker Movement
• Circular economy
• Recycling
• Design for repair
• Let value flow (not be hoarded)
• Everything as a service
• Producer remains owner
• Onus on producer:
• To make efficient use of raw materials
• To design for repair
• To produce durable components

14. Implications for Innovation Policy
• Great boost of skills and competences needed
• ICT, design, technology
• Discourage ownership and hoarding
• Stimulate business models based on usage and
sharing, e.g. pay-per-use
• Who owns the usage data?
• What (or who) is the product?
• What is the European alternative to US advertising
model?