Chapter 7 Terrorism on Tourism Sector, Effects and challenges(FASS) Course: First Aid, Safety and Security

1. Terrorism on Tourism Sector, Effects &
Challenges

2. Speaker Profile:
Md. Shaifullar Rabbi
Tourism Educator & Consultant
Professional Experiences
Coordinator & Lecturer- Dept. of Tourism & Hospitality
Management, Daffodil Institute of IT(Affiliated National
University)
Assessor -Bangladesh Technical Education Board (Ticketing
and Reservation)
Guest Trainer - Sheikh Hasina National Institute of Youth
Development
GuestTrainer - ATABTourismTraining Institute
GuestTrainer- HB Aviation Training Center
Guest Trainer - Bangladesh Hotel Management Tourism
Training Institute
Former Manager sales - Mamun Air Service (IATA Travel
Agency)
Founder –Travel Memoria
Educational Qualifications
MBA & BBA-Major in Tourism & Hospitality
Management, University of Dhaka.
Certified NTVQF Level -4/Assessor Part (Ticketing
And Reservation)
Completed Diploma Course in Travel Agency &
Tour Operation Management
Certified NTVQF Level 2 Course entitled Ticketing
& Reservation
Certified NTVQF Level 1 Course entitled Tour
Guiding

3. Terrorism
Agencies such as the FBI, the US
DOD and the US DOS realize the
need to define terrorism. While
each definition is a bit different,
they do have constant themes.
These themes include involving
premeditation terrorist acts which
are motivated by some political or
social agenda; terrorists generally
target non-combatants or civilians
and are generally sub-national or
clandestine groups. The
configuration of terrorist groups is
generally dependent on one's

4. How You Can Help
 Surveillance—Are you aware of anyone recording or monitoring activities,
taking notes, using cameras, maps, binoculars, etc., near a key facility?
 Suspicious Questioning—Are you aware of anyone attempting to gain
information in person, by phone, mail, e-mail, etc., regarding a key facility or its
personnel?
 Tests of Security—Are you aware of any attempts to penetrate or test physical
security or procedures at a key facility?
 Acquiring Supplies—Are you aware of anyone attempting to improperly
acquire explosives, weapons, ammunition, dangerous chemicals, uniforms,
badges, flight manuals, access cards or identification for a key facility or to
legally obtain items under suspicious circumstances that could be used in a
terrorist attack?
 Suspicious Persons—Are you aware of anyone who does not appear to belong
in the workplace, neighborhood, business establishment or near a key facility?

5. History ofTerrorism
The history of modern terrorism
began with the French
revolution and has evolved ever
since. The most common causes
or roots of terrorism include
civilizations or culture clashes,
globalization, religion, Israeli-
Palestinian conflict, or the
Russian invasion of Afghanistan.
More personal or individual-
based reasons for terrorism are

6. Types of Terrorism
You will need to be familiar with the five types of terrorism.
 State-Sponsored terrorism, which consists of terrorist
acts on a state or government by a state or government.
 Dissent terrorism, which are terrorist groups which have
rebelled against their government.
 Terrorists and the Left and Right, which are groups
rooted in political ideology.
 Religious terrorism, which are terrorist groups which are
extremely religiously motivated and
 Criminal Terrorism, which are terrorists acts used to aid in
crime and criminal profit.

7. What Motivates Terrorists?
 Ethno-Nationalism
 Religion
 Discrimination
 Socio-Economic Status
 Political government
 Feel angry
 Believe that their current political involvement does not give them the power to effect real change.
 Identify with perceived victims of the social injustice they are fighting.
 Feel the need to take action rather than just talking about the problem.
 Believe that engaging in violence against the state is not immoral.
 Have friends or family sympathetic to the cause.
 Believe that joining a movement offers social and psychological rewards such as adventure,
camaraderie and a heightened sense of identity.

8. Effect of Terrorism on Tourism
Sector
 Loss of Life
 Loss of Property
 Spread of Fear
 Change destination
 Decrease of Tourists
 Financial loss
 Political, Social and cultural conflict
 International and Diplomatic crisis

9. Few Heinous Terrorist Attacks on
Tourism Sector
9/11
Pan Am Flight 103/ Lockerbie bombing
2002 Bali bombings
Mumbai(Taj Hotel) Attack
Pakistan Marriott Hotel Bombing
London Bombing
Holey Artisan Bakery Attack
Munich Massacre
2016 Ataturk Airport Attack

10. 9/11
The September 11 attacks (often referred to
as 9/11) were a series of four
coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic
terrorist group al-Qaedaag against
the United States on the morning of
Tuesday, September 11, 2001. The
attacks resulted in 2,977 fatalities, over
25,000 injuries, and substantial long-term
health consequences, in addition to at least
$10 billion in infrastructure and property
damage. 9/11 is the single deadliest
terrorist attack in human history and the
single deadliest incident for

11. Pan Am Flight 103/ Lockerbie
bombing
Pan Am Flight 103 was a regularly
scheduled Pan Am transatlantic
flight from Frankfurt to Detroit via Lo
ndon and New York City. On 21
December 1988, N739PA, the aircraft
operating the transatlantic leg of the
route was destroyed by a bomb,
killing all 243 passengers and 16 crew
in what became known as
the Lockerbie bombing. Large
sections of the aircraft crashed onto a
residential street
in Lockerbie, Scotland, killing 11

12. 2002 Bali bombings
The 2002 Bali
bombings occurred on
12 October 2002 in the
tourist district of Kuta on
the Indonesian island
of Bali. The attack killed
202 people (including
88 Australians,
38 Indonesians,
23 Britons, and people of

13. Mumbai(Taj Hotel) Attack
The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel,
is a heritage, five-star, luxury
hotel built in the Saracenic
Revival style in
the Colaba region
of Mumbai, Maharashtra,
India, situated next to
the Gateway of
India. Historically it was
known as the "Taj Mahal
Hotel" or simply "the Taj".
The hotel is considered one
of the finest hotels in the
East since the time of

14. Pakistan Marriott Hotel
Bombing
The Islamabad Marriott Hotel
bombing occurred on the night of 20
September 2008, when a dump
truck filled with explosives was
detonated in front of the Marriott
Hotel in the Pakistani
capital Islamabad, killing at least 54
people, injuring at least 266 and
leaving a 60 ft (20 m) wide, 20 ft (6 m)
deep crater outside the hotel. The
majority of the casualties
were Pakistanis; at least five foreign
nationals were also killed and fifteen
others reported injured. The attack
occurred only hours
after President Asif Ali Zardari made

15. London Bombing
The 7 July 2005 London bombings,
often referred to as 7/7, were a series
of coordinated Islamic
terrorist suicide attacks in London,
England, that targeted commuters
travelling on the city's public
transport system during the morning
rush hour. Four terrorists separately
detonated three homemade bombs
in quick succession aboard London
Underground trains across the city
and, later, a fourth on a double-
decker bus in Tavistock Square. The
train bombings occurred on

16. Holey Artisan Bakery Attack
Seven Islamists have been sentenced
to death for a 2016 attack on a cafe
in the Bangladeshi capital in which 22
people, mostly foreigners, were
killed. The attack on the Holey
Artisan cafe in Dhaka was carried out
by a group of five men, who took
diners hostage. Eight people were on
trial, accused of planning the attack
and supplying weapons. One man
was acquitted. The 12-hour siege was
Bangladesh's deadliest Islamist
attack. Most of the victims were
Italian or Japanese. The attack was
claimed by the Islamic State (IS)

17. Munich Massacre
The Munich massacre was an attack
during the 1972 Summer
Olympics in Munich, West Germany,
by eight members of
the Palestinian terrorist group Black
September, who took nine
members of the Israeli Olympic
team hostage, after killing two of
them previously, and killing them
along with a West German police
officer. Black September called the
operation "Iqrit and Biram", after
two Palestinian Christian villages
whose inhabitants were expelled by
the Israel Defense Forces (IDF)
during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
The Black September commander

18. 2016 Ataturk Airport Attack
The Atatürk Airport attack,
consisting of shootings
and suicide bombings, occurred
on 28 June 2016 at Atatürk
Airport in Istanbul, Turkey.
Gunmen armed with automatic
weapons and explosive
belts staged a simultaneous
attack at the international
terminal of Terminal 2. Three
attackers and forty-five other
people were killed, with more
than 230 people
injured. Monitoring