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Ch. 18 Gothic

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Melinda Darrow

The document provides an overview of Gothic art and architecture from the 12th to 15th centuries in Europe. It discusses key developments and monuments of Early Gothic, High Gothic, and Late Gothic styles. Specifically, it examines the innovations of Abbot Suger at Saint-Denis that established characteristics of French Gothic architecture like rib vaults and stained glass windows. It then analyzes major Gothic cathedrals built in France, including Chartres, Notre-Dame de Paris, Laon, and Amiens, noting their architectural features and sculpture programs.

Educación
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Chapter 18 The Age of the Great Cathedrals: Gothic Art Gardner’s Art Through the Ages,
Europe About 1200
Gothic Art ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Gothic Period – Turmoil and Change ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-1 Ambulatory and radiating chapels, abbey church, Saint-Denis, France, 1140–1144. French Gothic – Architecture & Architectural Decoration Abbot Suger and Saint-Denis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Remodeled nave of Saint-Denis Early Gothic
Figure 18-2 Plan of the east end, abbey church, Saint-Denis, France, 1140–1144 (after Sumner Crosby). Saint-Denis: Key Monument of Early Gothic Sculpture ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-3 Vaults of the ambulatory and radiating chapels of the choir, abbey church, Saint-Denis, France, 1140–1144 . ,[object Object],[object Object],Hallmarks of New French Gothic Style at Saint-Denis
Figure 18-7 West facade of Laon Cathedral, Laon, France, begun ca. 1190. Early Gothic – Laon Cathedral, France (begun 1190) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-8 Interior of Laon Cathedral (view facing northeast), Laon, France, begun ca. 1190. Figure 18-8 Alternate View General view of Nave and Choir (w rectangular E end) seen from W ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Laon Cathedral/ Early Gothic ,[object Object]
Figure 18-9 Nave elevations of four French Gothic cathedrals at the same scale (after Louis Grodecki): (a) Laon, (b) Paris, (c) Chartres, (d) Amiens. Nave Elevation Comparison for Early/High Gothic Cathedrals 80 ft. 107 ft. 118 ft. 144 ft. Height of nave vaults
Figure 18-10 Notre-Dame (view from the south), Paris, France, begun 1163; nave and flying buttresses, ca. 1180–1200; remodeled after 1225. Early/High Gothic – Notre-Dame, France (begun 1163, remodeled after 1225) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-10 Alternate View General view of choir with flying buttresses Notre-Dame – Paris, France ,[object Object],[object Object],FLYING BUTTRESSES: Important element contributing to the distinctive “look” of Gothic Cathedrals
Figure 18-4 Aerial view of Chartres Cathedral (from the northwest), Chartres, France, begun 1134; rebuilt after 1194. Early Gothic Beginnings – Chartres Cathedral, France (begun 1134) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-5 Royal Portal, west facade, Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France, ca. 1145–1155. Royal Portal – Chartres Cathedral (Early Gothic, 1145) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-6 Old Testament kings and queens, jamb statues, central doorway of Royal Portal, Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France, ca. 1145–1155 . Figure 18-6 Alternate View Saints from left jamb, central portal (west), braided lady, two male saints Chartres’ Royal Portal – Old Testament kings and queens ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-11 Plan of Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France, as rebuilt after 1194 (after Paul Frankl). High Gothic Plan – Chartres Cathedral (rebuilt 1194) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 18-12 Interior of Chartres Cathedral (view facing east), Chartres, France, begun 1194.
Figure 18-15 Saints Martin, Jerome, and Gregory, jamb statues, Porch of the Confessors (right doorway), south transept, Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France, ca. 1220–1230. Porch of the Confessors - High Gothic Spirit – Sculptures of New Chartres ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],13 th Century Gothic Sculpture = Second “Classical revolution” Figure 18-16 Saint Theodore, jamb statue, Porch of the Martyrs (left doorway), south transept, Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France, ca. 1230.
Figure 18-13 Virgin and Child and angels (Notre Dame de la Belle Verrière), window in the choir of Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France, ca. 1170, with 13th century side panels. Stained glass, 16’ X 7’ X 8”. Stained Glass – Mystical Lux Nova ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-14 Rose window and lancets, north transept, Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France, ca. 1220. Stained glass, rose window approx. 43’ in diameter. Chartres’ Rose Window – A Gift From the Queen of France ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-17 ROBERT DE LUZARCHES, THOMAS DE CORMONT, and RENAUD DE CORMONT, interior of Amiens Cathedral (view facing east), Amiens, France, begun 1220. High Gothic – Amiens Cathedral, France (begun 1220) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-18 Robert de Luzarches, Thomas de Cormont, and Renaud de Cormont, vaults, clerestory, and triforium of the choir of Amiens Cathedral, Amiens, France, begun 1220. Amiens Cathedral – Quest for Height ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-19 ROBERT DE LUZARCHES, THOMAS DE CORMONT, and RENAUD DE CORMONT, west facade of Amiens Cathedral, Amiens, France, begun 1220. Amiens Cathedral – High Gothic Facade ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-20 Christ (Beau Dieu), trumeau statue of central doorway, west facade, Amiens Cathedral, Amiens, France, ca. 1220–1235. Amiens Cathedral – Trumeau – Beau Dieu (Beautiful God) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-21 West facade of Reims Cathedral, Reims, France, ca. 1225–1290. High Gothic – Reims Cathedral, France (begun 1225) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-22 Visitation, jamb statues of central doorway, west facade, Reims Cathedral, Reims, France, ca. 1230. Reims Cathedral – Jamb Statues Converse ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-23 Interior of the upper chapel, Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, France, 1243–1248. High Gothic – Sainte-Chapelle Rayonnant (Radiant) Style ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-24 Virgin and Child (Virgin of Paris), Notre-Dame, Paris, France, early fourteenth century. “ Court Style” of Louis IX Virgin of Paris – Late Gothic ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-25 West facade of Saint-Maclou, Rouen, France, ca. 1500–1514. Late Gothic – Saint-Maclou, France (begun 1500) Flamboyant Style ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-26 Aerial view of the fortified town of Carcassonne, France. Bastions and towers, 12th–13th centuries, restored by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc in the 19th century. Famous Gothic Fortified Town – Carcassonne in S. France ,[object Object],[object Object],Carcassonne fortified since Roman times
Figure 18-27 Hall of the cloth guild, Bruges, Netherlands, begun 1230. Figure 18-28 House of Jacques Coeur, Bourges, France, 1443–1451. Guild Hall – growth of secularization in urban life/ built for clothmakers of Bruges/ shows important role artisans and merchants had in Gothic society/ lofty tower was intended to compete for attention and prestige with towers of city cathedrals New Class of Wealthy Merchants - French trader and financier Jacques Coeur/ example of Late Gothic architecture and a monumental symbol of the period’s new secular spirit/ arranged around courtyard, service areas on ground level, offices and family living upper level/ façade has large section with stained glass, Flamboyant tracery, two doorways (pedestrian and horse/carriage)/ two false windows with servant statues looking down on passing people
Figure 18-35 Virgin of Jeanne d’Evreux, from the abbey church of Saint-Denis, France, 1339. Silver gilt and enamel, 2’ 3 1/2” high. Louvre, Paris. Luxury Arts – Late Gothic ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-31 Blanche of Castile, Louis IX, and two monks, dedication page (folio 8 recto) of a moralized Bible, from Paris, France, 1226–1234. Ink, tempera, and gold leaf on vellum, 1’ 3” X 10 1/2”. Pierpont Morgan Library, New York. Book Illumination – High/Late Gothic Paris – Intellectual Center of Gothic Europe ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-32 Abraham and the three angels, folio 7 verso of the Psalter of Saint Louis, from Paris, France, 1253–1270. Ink, tempera, and gold leaf on vellum, 5” X 3 1/2”. Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris. Same Urban Workshops Produce Both Glass and Books ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-33 MASTER HONORÉ, David anointed by Samuel and battle of David and Goliath, folio 7 verso of the Breviary of Philippe le Bel, from Paris, France, 1296. Ink and tempera on vellum, 7 7/8” X 4 7/8”. Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris. Master Honore pioneered naturalism in figure painting ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-34 JEAN PUCELLE, David before Saul, folio 24 verso of the Belleville Breviary, from Paris, France, ca. 1325. Ink and tempera on vellum, 9 1/2” X 6 3/4”. Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris. Jean Pucelle – Belleville Breviary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-37 Salisbury Cathedral, Salisbury, England, 1220–1258; west facade completed 1265; spire ca. 1320–1330. Salisbury Cathedral, England (begun 1220) Gothic Outside of France - ENGLAND See Separate PowerPoint for detailed information
Figure 18-39 Interior of Salisbury Cathedral (view facing east), Salisbury, England, 1220–1258. Salisbury Cathedral See Separate PowerPoint for detailed information
Figure 18-40 Choir of Gloucester Cathedral (view facing east), Gloucester, England, 1332–1357. Figure 18-40 Alternate View View upward into the complex perpendicular vaulting of the choir (1337-51) Late Gothic – Gloucester Cathedral, England (begun 1332) PERPENDICULAR STYLE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-42 Tomb of Edward II, Gloucester Cathedral, Gloucester, England, ca. 1330–1335. Edward II as Relic Gloucester Cathedral ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-41 ROBERT and WILLIAM VERTUE, Chapel of Henry VII, Westminster Abbey, London, England, 1503–1519. Late Gothic – Chapel of Henry VII, Westminster Abbey, England See Separate PowerPoint for detailed information
Figure 18-44 Gerhard of Cologne, aerial view of Cologne Cathedral (from the south), Cologne, Germany, begun 1248; nave, facade, and towers completed 1880. High Gothic – Cologne Cathedral, Germany (begun 1248) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-45 GERHARD OF COLOGNE, Choir of Cologne Cathedral (view facing east), Cologne, Germany, completed 1322. ,[object Object],[object Object],Cologne’s Soaring Vaults
Figure 18-47 Interior of Saint Elizabeth (view facing west), Marburg, Germany, 1235–1283. Hallenkirche (Hall Church) – Saint Elizabeth at Marburg ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-48 Death of the Virgin, tympanum of left doorway, south transept, Strasbourg Cathedral, Strasbourg, France, ca. 1230. Strasbourg Cathedral, France Death of the Virgin – A Passionate Drama ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-49 Ekkehard and Uta, statues in the west choir, Naumburg Cathedral, Naumburg, Germany, ca. 1249–1255. Painted limestone, approx. 6’ 2” high. Naumburg Cathedral, Germany Ekkehard and Uta – Secular Images ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-50 Equestrian portrait (Bamberg Rider), statue in the east choir, Bamberg Cathedral, Germany, ca. 1235–1240. Sandstone, 7’ 9” high. Bamberg Cathedral, Germany Bamberg Rider ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-51 Virgin with the Dead Christ (Röttgen Pietà), from the Rhineland, Germany, ca. 1300–1325. Painted wood, 2’ 10 1/2” high. Rheinisches Landemuseum, Bonn. Virgin with the Dead Christ ( Rottgen Pieta), German ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Direct Appeal to the Emotions
Figure 18-52 NICHOLAS OF VERDUN, the Klosterneuburg Altar, from the abbey church at Klosterneuburg, Austria, 1181. Gilded copper and enamel, 3’ 6 3/4” high. Stiftsmuseum, Klosterneuburg. Figure 18-53 NICHOLAS OF VERDUN, Sacrifice of Isaac, detail of the Klosterneuburg Altar, from the abbey church at Klosterneuburg, Austria, 1181. Gilded copper and enamel, 5 1/2” high. Stiftsmuseum, Klosterneuburg. Nicholas of Verdun – Mosan Artist Mosan Region = from Germany’s Meuse River Valley ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-55 LORENZO MAITANI, west facade of Orvieto Cathedral, Orvieto, Italy, begun 1310. Late Gothic – Orvieto Cathedral, Italy (begun 1310) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 18-56 Doge’s Palace, Venice, Italy, begun ca. 1340–1345; expanded and remodeled, 1424–1438. Doge’s (Duke’s) Palace – Venice, Italy Venice – one of the wealthiest cities of Late medieval Italy and of Europe ,[object Object]
Discussion Questions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Ch. 18 Gothic

  • 1. Chapter 18 The Age of the Great Cathedrals: Gothic Art Gardner’s Art Through the Ages,
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  • 10. Figure 18-9 Nave elevations of four French Gothic cathedrals at the same scale (after Louis Grodecki): (a) Laon, (b) Paris, (c) Chartres, (d) Amiens. Nave Elevation Comparison for Early/High Gothic Cathedrals 80 ft. 107 ft. 118 ft. 144 ft. Height of nave vaults
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  • 30. Figure 18-27 Hall of the cloth guild, Bruges, Netherlands, begun 1230. Figure 18-28 House of Jacques Coeur, Bourges, France, 1443–1451. Guild Hall – growth of secularization in urban life/ built for clothmakers of Bruges/ shows important role artisans and merchants had in Gothic society/ lofty tower was intended to compete for attention and prestige with towers of city cathedrals New Class of Wealthy Merchants - French trader and financier Jacques Coeur/ example of Late Gothic architecture and a monumental symbol of the period’s new secular spirit/ arranged around courtyard, service areas on ground level, offices and family living upper level/ façade has large section with stained glass, Flamboyant tracery, two doorways (pedestrian and horse/carriage)/ two false windows with servant statues looking down on passing people
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  • 36. Figure 18-37 Salisbury Cathedral, Salisbury, England, 1220–1258; west facade completed 1265; spire ca. 1320–1330. Salisbury Cathedral, England (begun 1220) Gothic Outside of France - ENGLAND See Separate PowerPoint for detailed information
  • 37. Figure 18-39 Interior of Salisbury Cathedral (view facing east), Salisbury, England, 1220–1258. Salisbury Cathedral See Separate PowerPoint for detailed information
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  • 40. Figure 18-41 ROBERT and WILLIAM VERTUE, Chapel of Henry VII, Westminster Abbey, London, England, 1503–1519. Late Gothic – Chapel of Henry VII, Westminster Abbey, England See Separate PowerPoint for detailed information
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