Fish and food security: sustainable intensification of aquaculture
1. Fish is a key source of nutrition, especially in Asia, and demand is growing rapidly as populations and incomes increase.
2. Aquaculture production must more than double by 2050 to meet projected demand, but current practices risk significant environmental impacts if not intensified sustainably.
3. Sustainable intensification focuses on increasing production while reducing environmental impacts through improved technologies, management practices, regulations and inclusive development that benefits small-scale farmers and consumers.
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Sustainable intensification of aquaculture - FAO consultation 27 nov2014
1. Fish and food security: sustainable intensification of aquaculture
Michael Phillips
Regional Consultation on Strategy and Action Plan for
Sustainable Intensification of Aquaculture in Asia-Pacific
Royal Orchid Sheraton Hotel, Bangkok. 27-28 November 2014
2. Outline
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Fish and food security
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Sustainable intensification of aquaculture
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Future actions
3. Wealth and population growth are major drivers for animal source food consumption, including fish
4. Fish is key for food and nutrition security: .. particularly in Asia
5. Fish is a special food - essential for nutrition
6. Fish demand is growing .. along with other animal sources foods
source: Hall et al. (2011)
YearProduction (million tonnes) 20406019501960197019801990200020102020203080100120PigChickenFishProduction targets (national data) Production forecast (this study) •Baseline scenario•Technological advances in aquaculture•Ecological collapse of fisheries•Global consumption remains at1996 levels (15.6 kg/y) •Global consumption rises to 22.5 kg/y FAO (2004) Wijkstrom(2003) IFPRI (2003) Ye (1999)
8. Aquaculture production must more than double by 2050 to satisfy projected fish demand Million tons
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Sources: Production data 1961–2010: FAO (2014a), FAO (2014b). Aquaculture production projections 2011–2050: Authors’ calculations assuming a linear growth rate of 2 Mt per year.
12. Sustainable intensification (CGIAR, 2013)
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‘Producing more food with less negative impact’
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.. increases in food production are necessary but not sufficient.
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measures to sustainably intensify food production must be situated within a wider framework for action on food and nutrition security. Social and economic issues, and equity are important
2.
.. Focus on existing land rather than new land
3.
Sustainable intensification is emphatically not synonymous with business-as-usual.
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It is about farming in ways that emphasise resource efficiency and nutrient recycling, that harness the best of traditional and ‘modern’ knowledge..
http://ccafs.cgiar.org/sustainable-intensification-tool-sustainable-food-system- toolbox#.VHaY6IuUdKc
13. Farmed fish convert feed to food efficiently Percent or “units of edible output per 100 units of feed input”
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Sources: Terrestrial animal products: Wirsenius et al. (2010), Wirsenius (2000). Finfish and shrimp: WRI analysis based on USDA (2013), NRC (2011), Tacon and Metian (2008), Wirsenius (2000), and FAO (1989).
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Note: “Edible output” refers to the calorie and protein content of bone-free carcass.
15. Sustainable intensification and aquaculture growth …
Photo: WorldFish/Sakil.
Increasing farmed fish production per unit of:
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Land
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Water
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Feed
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Energy Minimizing:
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Water pollution
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Fish diseases
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Fish escapes
18. …business as usual doubles impacts of aquaculture by 2030
source: Rockström et al, 2009
Aquaculture impact categories
Eutrophication
Freshwater use
Land use
Ecotoxicity
Biodiversity
Climate change
Energy use
Biotic depletion
source: Rockstrom et al. 2009
Our planetary boundaries
19. Equity and inclusive growth….
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70% of our planets 1.4 billion poor live in rural areas
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Rural smallholders neglected in much private aquaculture investment (and limited success by public?)
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Social, economic and environmental sustainability
Large
Medium
Small
21. “Blue Frontiers” interventions
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Innovation
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Regulations and policy
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Technologies and management
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Monitoring and compliance
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Consumers and markets
source: Hall et al. 2011
22. (1) Technologies and efficiencies
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Feeds
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Genetics
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Systems management
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Species
23. Significant scope for improvement in environmental performance
.. within species groups
… and between species groups
28. Special significance of fish for nutrition: Bangladesh and inclusive value chains
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20 million people, particularly women and children, suffer from deficiencies of vitamin A, iron, and zinc
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Small indigenous fish in household ponds provide a ready source
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Increasing the productivity of the 4 million ponds by 10 kg of small “Mola” fish provides the daily Vitamin A requirements for 7 million children
29. (4) “Blue” Investments
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US$50-70 billion in infrastructure by 2030?
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Private partnerships and inclusive investment
30. Inclusive growth: emerging examples from Cambodia and Bangladesh
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Bangladesh “challenged ponds - women led research
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Cambodia “WISH” ponds – household led research
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Productivity, with social and economic outcomes
31. Messages
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Future food and nutrition security requires aquaculture growth
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Aquaculture is an efficient producer of nutrient rich animal source food.
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Sustainable intensification, lower environmental impact and higher social and impacts growth pathways are necessary
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Change needed at scale
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Partnerships important
32. Thankyou M.Phillips@cgiar.org CGIAR Research Programs Aquatic Agricultural Systems (AAS) and Livestock and Fish (L&F) Acknowledgements: Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
