This document provides an overview of Chlamydia and Chlamydophila, including their taxonomy, structure, growth cycle, and role in human disease. It describes how they are small, obligate intracellular bacteria that alternate between infectious elementary bodies and metabolically active reticulate bodies. Key points covered include how they infect epithelial cells and have a unique developmental cycle, as well as the different species that cause trachoma, pneumonia, and other illnesses.

1. A Presentation by M. Isaac Umapathy, Dept. of Microbiology & Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, International Medical & Technological University, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania . CHLAMYDIA & CHLAMYDOPHILA

17. Comparison of Chlamydial Elementary Body & Reticulate Body More Few Projections & rosettes Sensitive Resistant Trypsin digestion Active, replicating stage Relatively inactive Metabolic activity 3:1 (increased ribosomes) 1:1 (condensed DNA core) RNA:DNA ratio Non-infectious Infectious Infectivity to host Fragile, pleomorphic Electron dense core; rigid Morphology 1 µm 0.2 - 0.3 µm Size Reticulate Body Elementary Body Characteristic

23. Figure 47-1 The growth cycle of Chlamydia trachomatis. (Redrawn from Batteiger B, Jones R: Infect Dis Clin North Am 1:55-81, 1987.) Downloaded from: StudentConsult (on 19 November 2007 10:58 AM) © 2005 Elsevier

26. Clinical Manifestation PID = Pelvic Inflammatory Disease a = Unproven association b = Weak association Ch. Pneumoniae a Ch. Pneumoniae b Atherosclerosis, coronary disease Stroke, multiple sclerosis, sarcoidosis, Alzheimer’s disease Chronic diseases C. trachomatis (D-K) Ch. pneumoniae Simkania negevensis a Ch. abortus Ch. psittaci Neonatal atypical pneumonia Pharyngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia Pneumonia Psittacosis, ornithosis Respiratory tract C. trachomatis (D-K) C. trachomatis (D-K) C. trachomatis (D-K) a Ch. abortus C. trachomatis (L1-L3) Non-specific urethritis, proctatitis, epididymitis Cervicitis, urethritis, endometritis, salpingitis, PID, perihepatitis, peri-appendicitis, infertility with tubal occlusion Abortion, premature birth Sheep related abortion Lymphogranuloma venereum Genital tract Male Female Male and Female C. trachomatis (A,B,Ba,C) C. trachomatis (D-K) C. trachomatis (D-K) Parachlamydiae spp. Trachoma Inclusion conjunctivitis Opthalmia neonatorum Contact lens associated Eye Organism (serovars) Disease Site of infection Human infections caused by Chlamydiae

30. Trachoma Chlamydial infection in the eye causing trachoma. From the Dana Center Trachoma Study.

37. Figure 47-3 Mucopurulent cervicitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. ((From Cohen J, Powderly W: Infectious diseases, ed 2, St Louis, 2004, Mosby. Photo by J. Paavonen.) Downloaded from: StudentConsult (on 19 November 2007 10:58 AM) © 2005 Elsevier

38. Figure 47-4 Time course of untreated chlamydial urethritis in men. Downloaded from: StudentConsult (on 19 November 2007 10:58 AM) © 2005 Elsevier

42. Figure 47-5 Chlamydia trachomatis is grown in cell cultures and detected by staining inclusion bodies (arrows) with either iodine or specific fluorescein-labeled antibodies. Downloaded from: StudentConsult (on 19 November 2007 10:58 AM) © 2005 Elsevier

43. Figure 47-6 Fluorescent-stained elementary bodies in a clinical sample. (From Hart T, Shears P: Color atlas of medical microbiology, London, 2000, Mosby-Wolfe.) Downloaded from: StudentConsult (on 19 November 2007 10:58 AM) © 2005 Elsevier

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70. Figure 47-2 Patient with lymphogranuloma venereum causing unilateral vulvar lymphedema and inguinal buboes. (From Cohen J, Powderly W: Infectious diseases, ed 2, St Louis, 2004, Mosby.) Downloaded from: StudentConsult (on 19 November 2007 10:58 AM) © 2005 Elsevier

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96. Figure 47-7 Time course of Chlamydophila psittaci infection. Downloaded from: StudentConsult (on 19 November 2007 10:58 AM) © 2005 Elsevier

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120. Chlamydophila pneumoniae

126. Thank You