The document discusses environmental legislation and enforcement in India. It outlines key principles like the precautionary principle and polluter-pays principle. It describes the Central Pollution Control Board and state pollution control boards, which are responsible for enforcing environmental laws. The boards monitor pollution, provide guidelines, and collaborate on training and education programs to prevent pollution. Effective enforcement of environmental laws is important to safeguard resources and protect the environment from further degradation.
2. ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION
The genesis of various legislation in the country lies in the
environment problems.
There should be effective legislations to protect the
environment or else the need resources by the growing
population will create havoc on the environment.
The other important aspect is enforcement of these laws.
To safeguard our environment from further degradation
and polluting these must be enforce laws forcefully and
effectively.
3. ISSUES INVOLVED IN ENFORCEMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT LEGISLATION
The precautionary principle
The polluter-pays principle
Freedom of information
4. THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE
This principle has evolved to deal with risks and
uncertainties faced by environmental
management.
The principle implies that an ounce of
preservation is worth a pound of cure- it does not
prevent problems but may reduce their
occurrence and helps ensure contingency plans
are made
5. THE POLLUTER-PAYS PRINCIPLE
In addition to the obvious the polluter pays for
the damaged caused by a development this
principle also implies that a polluter pays for
monitoring and policing.
A problem with this approach is that fines may
bankrupt small businesses, yet be low enough for
a large company to write them off as an
occasional overhead, which does little for
pollution control.
6. FREEDOM OF INFORMATION
Environmental planning and management is
hindered if the public, NGO or even official bodies
are unable to get information.
A number of laws have been enforced for
safeguarding the environmental quality.
However, these laws and acts could not be
enacted successfully in light of the following
problems.
8. CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
The Central Pollution Control Board [CPCB] of India is a
statory organisation under the Ministry of Environment,
Forests and Climate Change.
It was established in 1974 under the water [Preservation
and Control of Pollution] Act, 1974.
CPCB is also entrusted with powers and functions under
the air(prevention and control of pollution)act1981.
It serves as a field formation and also provide technical
service to the ministry of environment and forests under
the provision of the environment act,1986.
9. STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
There are 7 State Pollution Control Board in India:
Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board
Gujarat Pollution Control Board
Karnataka state Pollution Control Board
Tamil Nadu State Pollution Control Board
Telangana Pollution Control Board
Maharashtra Pollution Control Board
Kerala Pollution Control Board
10. FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL BOARD
To promote cleanliness of streams and wells in different areas of the state
To advise the Central Government, on matters concerning the prevention and
control of water pollution
To co-ordinate the actions of the state board and resolve disputes among
them.
To provide technical assistance and guidance to the state boards to carry out
research in prevention and control of water pollution problems.
To organise training of persons engaged in pollution control.
To organise comprehensive programme for pollution control through mass
media.
To lay down standards for streams or wells.
To prepare manuals, codes or guides for treatment and disposal of sewage
and trade effluents.
To establish or recognise laboratories for analysis of water samples from any
stream, well or trade effluents.
11. FUNCTIONS OF THE STATE BOARDS
Planning a comprehensive programme for prevention, control and abatement
of pollution of streams and wells.
Advising the state government regarding water pollution control or location of
industries.
Conducting and encouraging investigations and research relating to different
aspects if water pollution.
To collaborate with the central board for training personnel for handling
water pollution programmes and organising related mass education
programmes.
Inspecting trade effluents and waste water treatment plants.
Prescribing effluent standards for the sewage and trade effluents.
12. PREVENTION OF POLLUTION
Pollution prevention is a major global concern because of the harmful effects
of pollution on a person’s health and on the environment. Environmental
pollution comes in various forms such as air pollution, water pollution, soil
pollution, etc.
Pollution can be prevented as stated below:
• Stop Smoking or at least follow the “No smoking” sign.
• Use unleaded gasoline in your cars.
• Keep your car properly maintained to keep it good running condition to avoid
smoke emissions.
• Share a ride or engage in car pooling.
• Instead of using your cars, choose to walk or ride a bicycle whenever possible.
With this eco friendly practice, you will also be healthier and happier by
staying fit.
13. • Never use open fire to dispose of wastes.
• Adopt the 3Rs of solid waste management: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
Inorganic materials such as metals, glass and plastic, also organic materials
like paper, can be reclaimed and recycled. This takes into account that the
proven solution to the problem of proper waste management is proper
disposal, waste segregation and collection, and recycling.
• Start composting brown leaves in your yard and green scraps from your
kitchen. It will reduce waste while improving your yard and garden soils.
• Reconnect with nature. Live green by using green power supplied abundantly
and freely by wind and the sun. Hang your laundry to dry to minimize use of
gas or electricity from your dyers. Enjoy fresh air from open windows to
lessen the use of air conditioning system.
14. • Patronize local foods and goods. In this manner, transporting goods and foods
prepared with GMOs which uses fuel from conventional energy sources will be
minimized.
• Use eco-friendly or biodegradable materials instead of plastic which are
made up of highly toxic substances injurious to your health.
• Create your green space. Value your garden. Plant more trees and put indoor
plants in your homes. They clean the air, provide oxygen and beautify your
surroundings. Thus, care for them and by protecting them, especially the big
trees around and in the forest, you protect yourself and your family too.
• Have a proper waste disposal system especially for toxic wastes.
• Take very good care of your pets and their wastes.
15. CONCLUSION
Breathing is life, humans can survive without food for several weeks cannot
survive a minute without oxygen.
The air we breathe sustains us. So lets allow the earth to have more clean air.
Fight global warming by doing the following steps:
• Plant more trees
• Don’t waste water
• Use cloth bag and don’t burn plastic
