this slide series is show the various methods to increase the soil polution

5. Soil pollution
1. What is soil…?
2. Important of soil
3. Soil formation
4. Soil profile
5. different ways that soil can become polluted
6. Type of soil pollution
7. Soil pollutant..?
8. Effect of soil pollution
9. Conservation of soil pollution
10.References

6. Soil is a natural body comprised of
solids (minerals and organic matter),
liquid, and gases that occurs on the
land surface, occupies space, and is
characterized by chemical and
physical properties

7.  Soil is one of the most important
natural resources that supports the
growth of plants by holding root
firmly and supplying water and
nutrients
 It is home for many organisms and is
essential for agriculture which
provides food clothing and shelter
for all.
Important of soil

8.  Weathering:-
 physical and chemical breaking of rocks and minerals into
Smaller piences
 Erosion and deposition :-
 pick- up, transport,and drop-off of material from one place
to another
 Decomposition:-
 Breakdown of waste organisms, and organic material into
simple molecules

9.  O horizon:- freshly fallen and partially decomposed
leaves,twings, Animal waste.
 A- horizon humus/partially decomposed organic material and
some inorganic particles
 B- horizon /(subsoil):- less organic material and fewer
organisms than A- horizon
 C -Horizon consist of broken –up bead rock ,does not contain
any organic materials
 R- Horizon :- The Unweathered rock (bed rock ) layer that is
beneath all the other layers

11. Soil pollution is defined as the build-up
in soils of persistent toxic compounds,
chemicals, salts, radioactive materials, or
disease causing agents, which have
adverse effects on plant growth and animal
health.

12. Different ways that soil can
become polluted
 Seepage from a landfill
 Discharge of industrial waste into the soil
 Percolation of contaminated water into the
soil
 Rupture of underground storage tanks
 Excess application of pesticides, herbicides or
fertilizer
 Solid waste seepage

13. • Petroleum hydrocarbons
• Heavy metals
• Pesticides
• Solvents

14.  Indiscriminate use of fertilizers
 Indiscriminate use of pesticides,
insecticides and herbicides
 Dumping of large quantities of solid
waste
 Deforestation and soil erosion

15.  Plants obtain C,O,H nutrients from air & water
 N, P, K,Ca,Mg,S and more obtained from the soil and fertilizers.
 When accumulation of polluted metals in the soil above their toxic levels
due to excessive use of phosphate fertilizers, becomes an indestructible
poison for crops.
 The over use of NPK fertilizers reduce quantity of vegetables and crops
grown on soil over the years.

16.  Pesticides insecticide use to kill unwanted populations living in or on their
crops. consumption of such crops causes the adverse effect to human &
biological systems,
- DDT(dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)
- gammaxene
 Pesticides decrease the fertility of the soil.
 Some of the pesticides are quite stable and their bio- degradation may take
weeks and even months.

17.  Generally, solid waste includes garbage, domestic refuse and discarded solid
materials such as those from commercial, industrial and agricultural operations.
 some solid wastes that is hazardous such as oils, battery metals, heavy metals
from smelting industries
 More than 90% of hazardous waste is produced by chemical, petroleum and
metal-related industries
 These all are finally added to the soil

18. Dumping of solid
wastes

19.  Forests and grasslands are an excellent binding material that keeps the soil
intact and healthy.
 They support many habitats and ecosystems, which provide innumerable
feeding pathways or food chains to all Species
Their loss would threaten food chains and the survival of many species.
During the past few years quite a lot of vast green land has been converted
into deserts.
 Deforestation, agricultural development, temperature extremes,
precipitation including acid rain, and human activities contribute to this
erosion

20. Types of Soil Pollution
 i) pollution of surface soil
Urban activities generate large quantities of city wastes including several
Biodegradable & non-biodegradable materials.
eg :-Biodegradable -leaves, cloth wastes
non-biodegradable -plastic wastes, glass bottles,
they are a cause of several problems such as
Clogging of drains
Barrier to movement of water
Foul smell
Increased microbial activities
hospital wastes things create many health problems

21. ii) Underground soil pollution
 Underground soil in cities is likely to be polluted by
Chemicals released by industrial wastes
Decomposed and partially decomposed materials of sanitary wastes
 Many dangerous chemicals like Cd, Cr, Pb, As, Se products are likely to
be deposited in underground soil.
 Similarly underground soil polluted by sanitary wastes generate many
harmful chemicals.
 These can damage the normal activities and ecological balance in the
underground soil

22.  Soil can become contaminated in many ways from many
pollutant. We have to identify this ways for reduce soil
pollution.
 Any factor which decline the quality, texture and
mineral content of the soil or which disturbs the biological
balance of the organisms in the soil

23. 1. Accidental spills
2. Acid rain
3. Industrial waste things
4. Genetically modify plant
5. Nuclear wastes
6. Intensive farming
7. Landfill & illegal dumping
8. Mining & other industries
9. Oil & fuel dumping
10. Buried wastes
11. Disposal of coal ash
12. Electronic waste
13. Agricultural particles pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers
14. Deforestation
15. Drainage of contaminated surface water into the soil

24.  Agricultural
• Reduced soil fertility
• Reduced nitrogen fixation
• Increased erodibility
• Larger loss of soil and nutrients
• Deposition of silt in tanks and reservoirs
• Reduced crop yield
• Imbalance in soil fauna and flora

26.  Industrial
 Ecological imbalance
 Release of pollutant gases
 Increased salinity
 Dangerous chemicals entering underground water
 Release of radioactive rays causing health problems
 Reduced vegetation

27.  Urban
 • Clogging of drains
 • Inundation of areas
 • Public health problems
 • Pollution of drinking water sources
 • Foul smell and release of gases

28.  pollution runs off into rivers and kills the fish, plants
and other aquatic life
 crops and fodder grown on polluted soil may pass the
pollutants on to the consumers
 polluted soil may no longer grow crops and fodder
 Soil structure is damaged & impairs soil stability
 corrosion of foundations and pipelines
 may release vapors and hydrocarbon into buildings and
cellars
 may create toxic dusts & it may poison

29.  Soil conservation is all measures which help in
protecting the soil from erosion and exhaustion
 The following steps have been suggested to control soil
pollution.
 less fertilizer and fewer pesticides. When using fertilizer
we can follow 3 R method
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle

30.  Reducing chemical fertilizer and pesticide use
 Applying bio-fertilizers and manures instead for
chemical fertilizer
 Reusing of materials
 Materials such as glass containers, plastic bags, paper, cloth etc. can
be reused at domestic levels rather than being disposed.
 Recycling and recovery of materials
 This is a reasonable solution for reducing soil pollution. Materials
such as paper, some kinds of plastics and glass can and are being
recycled.
 For example, recovery of one tone of paper can save 17 trees.

31.  limit construction in sensitive area
we can build our human benefits of construction things away from sensitive places which can be
easily occurring pollution process
 3. Forest management should be done properly -
Give up deforestation
Afforestation & reforestation must be done
 4. Solid waste treatment should be done properly -
Industrial wastes must be dumped in the low-lying areas
industrial wastes can be treated physically, chemically and biologically until they are less hazardous.
Acidic and alkaline wastes should be first neutralized
the insoluble material if biodegradable should be allowed to degrade
Use suitable method of solid waste management
 5. using biological control method must be implement

32.  Ecology environment and pollution
S.S. Purohit & R. Ranjan
page no:- 154, 152, 149, 142,
122, 121,
119,118, 117 116,115
 Bio diversity conservation – vol 2
B.N Pandey, R.K choudhary,
B.K singh
page no :- 749, 750,
753, 754, 755
 Tropical environment
martin kellman &
rosanne tackaberry
page no:- 179, 182, 183, 165

35. ANY QUESTION……?