PLASTO- a biodegradable plastic (Be a part of solution, not pollution!)

1. PLASTO
Be a part of solution, not
pollution!
 Dissolves in water.
 Tensile in strength
 Resists fungal and
bacterial growth
 Non-toxic
 Lighter in weight
 Environmental friendly

2. DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY,
UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI
Course: Biotech-621
Title: Business Application in Biotechnology
i. Student’s name: Maleeha Fatima
Father’s name: Ghulam Akbar
Seat #: H1531046
Enrolment #: SCI/BTC/KU-45635/2015
ii. Student’s name: Syeda Rakhshan Rafique
Father’s name: Syed Rafique Hussain
Seat #: H1531035
Enrolment #: SCI/BTC/KU-45649/2015
iii. Student’s name: Sumbul Sarfraz
Father’s name: Sarfraz Ahmed
Seat #: H1531032
Enrolment #: SCI/BTC/KU-45645/2015
Date of submission: May 21st
, 2019
Submitted to: Dr. Raheela Rahmat Zohra
Dr. Mahnaz Ahmad

3. INDEX
 Introduction of plastic industry
 Plastic industry sector
 Number of plastic units
 Man power engaged with plastic units
 City wise plastic units
 Why plastic is popular?
 Cluster locations for plastic products
 Imports
 Exports
 Production, export, import of PVC
 History of plastic industry of Pakistan
 Industry name with addresses
 Plastic products available
 SWOT analysis
 Business plan
 Product name & summary
 Prototype
 Problem and solution
 Salient features
 Raw material
 Advantages
 Methodology
 Type of market
 Immediate and future market
 Competitive products
 Weakness of competitive product
 Future challenges
 Market strategy
 References

4. INTRODUCTION OF PLASTIC INDUSTRY
Plastic industry in Pakistan is one of the oldest in the country. The industry
was ill organized and progressed in a haphazard manner producing low quality
toys and household utensils on hand molding machines. However the period
from 1965-1975 was notably the turning point, where the use of plastics was
seen rising to a leading force in the country, with a sizable base.
The plastic industry in the Pakistan has taken great strides in quest for its
success. Today plastics material constitutes as the fourth largest item of imports
and this sector alone contributes 8 billion rupees annually to the national
exchequer in different heads [1].
Global average growth rate of plastic is around 7.5% but Pakistan plastic
industry is growing at an annual average rate of 15%. The per capita plastic
consumption has a lately risen to 2.7kg. Plastic industry is growing at an annual
rate of 2.2% [2].
PLASTIC INDUSTRY SECTOR
Plastic industry can be divided into two sectors
i. ORGANIZED SECTOR:
It has about 600-700 units and is capable of producing quality products for
domestic, industrial and defense sector.
ii. UNORGANIZED SECTOR:
It produces low quality and cheap products. This has sector grown much
more rapidly than the organized sector.
Currently there are four plants in Pakistan producing international
quality plastics raw materials. Surplus production of these plants is being
exported [1]. Beside organized and unorganized plastics industry sector,
there are over 5,300 small scale processing units providing employment to
about 600,000 people [3].

5. NUMBER OF PLASTICS UNITS
Presently there are 6000 processors in Pakistan. Major concentration of plastic
processor units are:
 Injection
 Blow
 Extrusion
 Woven
 Packaging
 Others [1].
Sales, injection,
3500, 58%
Sales, others,
600, 10%
Sales,
packaging, 1000,
17%
Sales, wooven,
100, 2%
Sales, extrusion,
300, 5%
Sales, blow,
500, 8%

6. MAN POWER ENGAGED WITH PLASTIC UNITS
There are some 6000 plastic manufactures in the country. 600,000 plastic people
are directly and indirectly engaged with this business [3].
Sales, Punjab,
60%
Sales,
Balochistan, 3%
Sales,
Khyber
Pukhtoon
khuwa, 7%
Sales, Sindh,
30%

7. CITY WISE PLASTIC UNITS
Lahore and Karachi are the main centers of plastic processing units [2].
Lahore
38%
Karachi
24%
Gujranwala
11%
Faislabad
7%
Multan
4%
Hattar
3%
Gadoon
3%
Quetta
3%
Others
7%

8. WHY PLASTIC IS POPULAR?
Plastic is popular because it is:
 Attractive
 Hard
 Soft and rubbery
 Easy and clean flexible
 Light weight
 Hygienic
 Economical
 Easy to shape and color
 Non-rusting material
 Good insulator of heat or electricity [3].
CLUSTER LOCATIONS FOR PLASTIC PRODUCTS
The table below is an estimated the clusters for plastic products sector of registered
units [4].
Area Number of establishments
Punjab 3600
Sindh 1800
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 420
Balochistan 180
Source: Trade Associations & Industry Sources
IMPORTS
Pakistan imports 80-90% raw material for plastic industry from different countries. The
total consumption of raw material used in plastic industry is around 450,000 tons per
annum. The country imports raw material from UAE and Far Eastern countries. Special
grades raw material is imported from Germany and USA [5].

9. EXPORTS
The potential of export is based on two sectors:
i. PLASTIC MATERIALS
Pakistan has become a plastic material exporting country. In the year
2000, export of PVC has been 12,000m tons worth $ 8 million and was
expecting to increase export to 30,000 million tons. The PVC exported to
the Srilanka, Bangladesh, UAE, China, Hongkong, Vietnam and Nigeria.
50% of the polystyrene is being exported to Bangladesh, Srilanka, Nepal.
ii. FINISHED GOODS
Year Quantity
(million
tons)
Value
(million
tons)
1996-1997 4,873 238
1997-1998 12,325 600
1998-1999 6,780 443
1999-2000 11,035 686
2003-2004 N.A 33.4
2004-2005 N.A 111.5
Production, export, import of PVC (million tons)
Year Production Export Import
2000 65,000 25,512 34,602
2001 68,600 12,900 19,268
2002 83,600 16,407 13,144
2004 100,ooo 30,000 13,150
[2]

10. HISTORY OF PLASTIC INDUSTRY OF PAKISTAN
- Pakistan is founded. Hand molding machines are reported to be operating in
Lahore, an industrial hub of the sub-continent even today.
- First era of auto manufacturing begins in Pakistan with heavy investment by
American automaker General Motors.
- First plastics and polymer research center created with the establishment of
Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) in Karachi. Plastics resin
is sold for Rs.3.05 per pound in local markets.
- First Apprenticeship Ordinance is introduced in the country.
1963 - Average prices of plastics resin move up only 90 Paisa in ten years. Exports
Promotion Bureau is created.
- Pak Swiss Training Center (PSTC) is established by PCSIR in collaboration with
Swiss Foundation for Technical Assistance to impart training in precision
and mechanics and instruments technology. Following 17 days war with India, new
avenues for plastics in defence needs open up
-Arkoy Chemical Industries becomes the first unit in Pakistan to manufacture PVC
pipes.
- Famous brand of PVC pipes "Galco" is introduced in local markets.
- Heavy quantity of polyester is used in shirts made from "Karolin" cloth. These
Shirts become popular among the young generation.
- when all industries were nationalized, only 20% of domestically produced auto-
parts were being used. Share of locally made plastics parts was negligible.
- 30% decrease in the wholesale prices of plastics raw material is recorded in
domestic markets.
- "Rahber" a brand name of Plasticrafter, manufacturers of water coolers creates
uproar in thecountry. Rahber continues to dominate the market for next ten years.[1]
- Auto industry declines and activities at all manufacturing facilities come to a
standstill.
- Pakistan Plastics Manufacturers Association is formed. The association is
registered with theMinistry of Commerce in the month of May.
- Poly Industries sets up a cast acrylic and polystyrene sheet plant at Hub,
Lasbella, some 35kilometers west of Karachi.
- Second era of auto making begins in the country with the introduction of Suzuki
FX 800CC car.The car dominates the local market for next six years.

11. - The Federal Chemicals & Ceramics Cooperation Limited (FCCCL) and Fecto in
a joint venturesubmit a detailed feasibility study and application to government
authorities in January for setting up a20,000 tpa PVC resin plant at Kala Shah Kaku
near Lahore. Gatron (Industries) Ltd sets up a plant to produce polyester filament yarn,
polyester chips and later PET resin.
- Government gives a formal approval to FCCCL in January for the PVC plant, but
for some unknown reasons the plant could not be set up. Transpak Corporation (PVT)
Ltd becomes the pioneer of PET bottles in Pakistan. Annual growth of PET bottles is
reported at twenty five per cent for next five years.
- Plastics Technology Centre (PTC) is established by FCCCL with the assistance
of UNIDO at Korangi Industrial Area, Karachi. With the inauguration of the center in
October, polymer sciences education begins in Pakistan, which later on provides highly
qualified and skilled manpower to the plastics industry.
- Styrene production begins at Pak Styrene Industries. Pak Suzuki Motor
introduces new models of "Mehran" and "Khyber".
- PTC starts short polymer courses of three months duration. Member's strength
with Plastics Association increases to 250. Six different plastics associations
are formed. Demand and growth of PET rises 30%. More companies enter the field of
PET bottle manufacturing.
- Fixed Sales Tax or Capacity Tax introduced. Pak Suzuki Motor introduces
"Margala" 1000CC car in domestic markets. Carbonated soft drinks, mineral water,
agro chemicals and cooking oil became fields where nearly all the PET bottles are
consumed.
- One and 1.5 liter PET bottles become widely popular. More companies set up
PET bottle manufacturing units and within 3 years the number of such companies
exceeds to 30. Indus Motor Company sets up Toyota Corolla assembly plant in Karachi.
- PTC gets affiliation from University of London. In October PTC starts one-year
certificate courses. Pak petro Chemicals starts production of HIPS near Karachi.
- The number of plastics processors increase to 6000. Central Board of Revenue
announces abolishment of Capacity Tax from next financial year. Plastics industry
under capacity tax scheme paid30.7 million Rupees more tax than it paid under Ad Val
Orem scheme. Five percent excise duty is levied on plastics industry. PPMA in
collaboration with PTC organizes one-day seminar on mold making.
- PPMA Lahore zonal office launches monthly plastics magazine "Plastics News",
but ceases publication after five issues. Government announces to abolish Capacity tax
and instead introduce ValueAdded Tax. Board of Investment said that Japanese
company Mitsubishi Corporation is interested to invest in PVC sector. Pakistan
becomes largest buyer of Dubai's plastics products. PPMA appeals the government to
abolish excise duty and continue capacity tax for another few years. First batch of
10students complete their 2-year diploma course from PTC.

12. - PPMA member's strength reaches 700. An 80-member plastics delegation visits
India. Due to government's economic package domestic products become costlier than
imported items. World Bank, PPMA and National Development Finance Corporation
hold talks to phase out CFC gases. World Bank and PPMA hold one-day seminar on
CFC. Prices of resins grow 1000% in local markets in 45 years.[6]
- Plastics industry grows at 17.5%. Indian High Commission refuses visa to 70-
member PPMA delegation. Fire guts Karachi's plastics wholesale market in October,
goods worth over US$100 million were reduced to ashes and more than 350 shops
were destroyed. Plastics industry protests abolishment of Capacity Tax and close their
units for indefinite period. CBM becomes the first plastics unit to obtain ISO 9002
certificate. World Bank approves a grant of US$ 2.3 million for thermos ware industry of
Pakistan.CBR exempts customs duty and sales tax on machinery imported for Ozone
depleting substances (ODS)phase out projects.
- Engro Asahi Chemical with an investment of US$80 million has set-up
100,000 tons PVC plant at Port Qasim. Pak Petrochemicals starts production of HIPS.
"Plastics News" re-launched in Lahore, but again goes out of circulation within four
months. General Sales Tax on electric power and gas hits plastics industry. Demand of
Pakistani plastics products grows in India. Japanese government under grant-in-aid
provides 706 million (US$ 14 m) for moderation of work-shop facilities at Pakistan
Industrial Technical Assistance Centre (PITAC). Export Promotion Bureau overlooking
local industry imports 20,000 plastics fish crates for Karachi Fish harbour. Government
lays down rules for the levy and collection of Extra Sales Tax at 5% on the suppliers
and manufacturers of certain plastics goods.
- Sindh government impose a ban on polyethylene bags in Karachi and
Hyderabad. First exhibition on auto-parts held in Karachi. Pakistan Association of
Automotive Parts & Accessories suggested that auto-parts industry be declared
specialized highly value-added industry with seven years incentives. Five percent
excise duty abolished on plastics industry. The use of polyethylene bags by the
food department to store wheat causes a loss of Rs.200 million to the government. In
2001 - First batch of BE Engineers pass out from PTC. Exports of naphtha reaches US$
50.6 m. First directory of plastics industry is published in Karachi. Implementation of
ODS project begins.2002 - Central Board of Revenue restricts clearance of any plastics
scrap without a certificate from Chamber of Commerce. The government of Pakistan
approves an "Upgradation of Plastics Technology Centre" project with a capital cost of
Rs.455.00 million with the assistance of Japan. PPMA organizes a three day plastics
exhibition in Lahore.2003 - Polypropylene import increases by 68% in one year.
Chinese goods flood Pakistani markets. Japan External Trade Organization holds
a workshop on mold making. Fauji Polypropylene Products puts its assets on
sale. Ministry of Environment launches advertisement campaign in local newspapers
discouraging use of polypropylene bags. In 2004 - PPMA organizes second (local)
exhibition in Lahore. First international plastics exhibition held in Karachi. Small and
Medium Enterprises Development Authority presents its study for rehabilitation of PVC
industry to the government. Macpac Films Ltd, manufacturers of multi layer co-extruder
packaging films offer 10 million ordinary shares through an initial public offering [7].

13. INDUSTRY NAME WITH ADDRESSES
Serial
no.
Industry name Industry address
1. Chaudhry Plastic House Shahi Bazar, Bahawalpur.
2. Ahmad Poly Industries Plot No. 312, Estate Ii/iii, Sialkot Export
Processing Zone, Sambrial, Sialkot.
3. Parus Plastic Works F-368/a-1, s.i.t.e., near Al-munaf
Corporation Karachi.
4. Umar Plastic Industries Pindi Bypass Chowk,g.t. Road,near
Sulka International Gujranwala.
5. Techno Plastic Works B-285,sector 11-e,north Karachi
6. Ahmed Plasticrafts (pvt) Ltd. F-9, Estate Avenue, S.i.t.e., Karachi
75730, Sindh, Pakistan.
7. Atlas Plastic Industries Ltd. Faqir Mohammad Durra Khan
Rd.,usmanabad Karachi.
8. F. Hussain & Sons 1/b-1,sector 29,korangi Industrial Area
Karachi.
9. Polytek International B-viii/15-17,e.p.z.a.,landhi Extension
Karachi.
10. Siddiqi Sons Wh-2/7, Sector 16-b North Karachi,
Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
11. Vinmar Polymers 904/905 - business Centre,mumtaz
Hassan Road Karachi.
12. Alfah Enterprises 49-k,model Town Lahore.
13. Evergreen Plastic Industries 16 Km Multan Road Lahore.
14. Pakistan Plastic & Rubber Co. Tirandaz Market, 1-bull Road, Lahore,
Punjab, Pakistan.
15. Plastic Bags Packaging (pvt) Ltd. J-block, Gulshan-e-ravi Bund Road,
Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
16. Three Star Plastics House #16,street-7,elahi Park,wasan
Pura Lahore.
17. Standard Masterbatch Ameen Park, Band Road, Lahore.
18. United Plastic Co. Plastic Market, Shahalam, Lahore,
Punjab, Pakistan.
19. M. Awais Plastic Company 322,raviRoad,opp. Minar-e-pakistan
Lahore.
20. Tariq Plastico (pvt) Ltd. 9-ravi Road, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
21. Superman Plastic Works 206,timber Market,ravi Road Lahore.

14. 22. Modern Electro Forming 11-5, Amin Park, Ravi Road, Lahore,
Punjab, Pakistan.
23. Nafees Auto Parts Manufacturer GujarpuraScheme,chinaRoad,near
Power Station Lahore.
24. Dani Plastic Industries Opp. Afzal Puli,harbanspura Lahore.
25. Tropical Plastic Industries Iv/c-4/6,nazimabad #4 Karachi.
26. Universal Plastic Products K-707, KausarNiazi Colony Block-f,
North Nazimabad, Karachi, Sindh,
Pakistan.
27. Asif Zubair& Co. 3-c,shah Alam Market Lahore.
28. Dawn Plastic Industries G.t. Road,near Lahori Chungi
Gujranwala.
29. Blow-n-blow Plastics (pvt) Ltd. C-119,sector 31/a,korangi Industrial
Area Karachi.
30. Al-basit Plastic Industries M/11/e-1064,block-c#42,shershah,s.i.t.e.
Karachi.
[8]
PLASTIC PRODUCTS AVAILABLE
 Shampoo bottles
 Film and Sheeting
 Traffic cones
 Packaging materials
 Trash bags
 Kitchen wares
 Countertops
 Carpeting
 Injections
 Household Products
 Water bottles
 Tooth brush
 Toilet accessories
 Lab plastic wares
 Toys
 Electronic Items
 PVC Products[9]

15. STRENGTHS
 Easy availability of cheap labor.
 Sound cash flows.
 Location is a competitive strength.
 Several large units are present.
 Industrial zones facilities are present.
 Increasing domestic markets having demands from both low-end and high-end
segments.
 Acceptable as International Avenue for exhibitions/seminar/foreign buyers visit.
WEAKNESSES
 The industry is largely unorganized and scattered.
 Professional management is not perceptible in the clutter.
 The manufacturers are dependent on imported raw material from outside.
 Lack of research and development efforts.
 Lack of vision/planning.
 Traditional designs and no innovations.
 Not getting benefits from support institutions.
 Nominal export.
 Weak association.
OPPORTUNITIES
 Pakistan is emerging as a major consumer market and international demand is
also on the rise for plastics.
 Globalization and free trade.
 Strong national economic indicators working for benefit of industry.
 Linkages with BDS & support service providers.
 Product marketing.
 New and innovative products.
THREATS
 Globalization and free trade.
 High custom duties on raw material.
 High qualities standards.
 Local market penetration by regional competitors[2]

16. BUSINESS PLAN
PLASTO
Plastic causes environmental pollution because of having non-biodegradable
characteristics and they are full of harmful by-products and chemicals which are
released during their breakdown process. The oil based plastics cannot be rid easily
and create landfills and environmental pollution [10]. Hence there is need to produce
plastics from materials that can be readily eliminated from our biosphere in an eco-
friendly fashion [11]. Therefore bioplastics can replace petroleum based plastics.
The first known bioplastics, Polyhydroxybutyrate(PHB) was discovered in 1926
by a French researcher, Maurice Lemoigne, from his work with the bacterium Bacillus
megaterium [12].
Plasto, moldable plastic material made up of chemical compounds that are
derived from renewable biomass sources such as vegetable fats and oils, corn starch,
straw, woodchips, food waste [4], fruit and vegetable peels or from sugar derivatives
including starch, cellulose, lactic acid or synthesized by microbes such as bacteria or by
genetically modified plants [12]. We are preparing plasto from potato peel. Plasto is
natural biopolymer synthesized and catabolized by various organisms [11]. They are
alternative way to reduce synthetic plastic and do not have any harmful chemicals or
toxins. They are biodegradable, completely safe and create eco-friendly environment
[10]. Plasto is specific type of polymer that result in by-products such as carbondioxide,
nitrogen, water, biomass and in organic salts when they breakdown.
Plasto can be manufactured into packaging, bottles, jars, air pillow packaging,
tea bags, pencil sharpeners, pens etc [14].
As of 2014, bioplastic represented approximately 0.2% of the global polymer
market [13].

17. PROTOTYPE

18. PROBLEM
The main problem of plastic industry is its waste. If it is tried to be burnt it causes
environmental pollution because its burning leads to the release of poisonous chemicals
in the air causing health problems in human and animal.
SOLUTION
Production of bioplastic is potent solution to this problem .Its components are derived
from renewable biomass sources. Potato peels based bioplastic is a great solution
because it would be lower cost and more productive.
SALIENT FEATURES OF PRODUCT
 It is lighter in weight.
 It can be colored in any color.
 It can be given any shape.
 It has electrical and thermal conductivity.
 It is low in cost.
 It is non-toxic.
 It is environmental friendly.
 It has reduced CO2 emissions.
 It is biodegradable.
 It causes less pollution.
 It dissolves in water.
 It is tensile in strength.
 It is flexible in nature.
 It resists fungal and bacterial growth.
RAW MATERIAL
 Potato peel.

19. ADVANTAGES OF BIO-PLASTIC OVER COMPETITOR
PRODUCTS
 REDUCED CO2 EMISSION
It takes only 0.8 metric tons of CO2 to create bio-plastics which is 3.2 metric tons
less than normal plastics.
 CHEAPER ALTERNATIVE
Bio-plastics are cheaper than normal plastics.
 WASTE
Bio-plastics do not generate as much toxic run off.
 REDUCED CARBON FOOTPRINT
Oil based plastics need fossil fuels but bio-plastics don not.
 MULTIPLE END-OF-LIFE POINTS
Valuable raw material can be reclaimed and recycled into other products.[15]
 ENERGY’S SAVE
It does not use lot of energy during its production.
 ADDITIVES
It does not contain health damaging additives like: phthalates or bisphenol-A.
 FLAVOR
They do not alter the flavor and smell of food, which is stored in them.
 CONSUMPTION OF NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Non-renewable resources are consumed during the preparation of bio-plastics.

20.  REDUCTION OF WASTES
It reduced the non-biodegradable waste, which pollutes the environment.[16]
 USE OF LAND
The arable use of land is low than other plastics.
 QUALITY
It can be made clearer and more transparent.
 CONSUMER’S BENEFIT
It can feel softer and more tactile. For applications, such as cosmetic
packaging, this can be major perceived consumer benefit.
 IMPROVED PRINTABILITY
Highly legible text or image can be print on it.
 LITTER AND COMPOSTABILITY
It reduces the litter and Improves compostability from using biodegradable
plastics.[17]
 SOIL FERTILITY
It increases soil fertility.
 ECO-FRIENDLY
It is eco-friendly and does not harm the abiotic factor.[18]
 DEPENDENCE
It reduces the dependence on foreign countries for fossil fuels.
 BIODEGRADABLE
They are broken down by naturally occurring bacteria.
 SAVE EVEN AFTER USE
It does not release other dangerous items upon decomposition.[19]

21. METHODOLOGY
Collection of potato peels
Cutting of potato peels into small pieces
Soaking of peels into sodium metabisulphate for 45 minutes
Boiling of peels in dH2O for 30 minutes
Drying of peels on filter paper for 30 minutes
Blending of peels to form a paste
Addition of 0.5N HCl
Addition of Glycerol & 0.5N NaOH in the paste
Spreading of mixture on a ceramic tile
Cooling & scraping of dried sheet [11]
Baking in oven at 1200O
C

22. TYPE OF MARKET
The market of bioplastics is broad as bioplastics can be found in the following market
segments:
 Packaging
 Food-services
 Agriculture/horticulture
 Consumer electronics
 Automotive
 Consumer goods and household appliances [20].
CURRENT AND FUTURE MARKET
Currently, bioplastics represent about one per cent of the about 335 million tons
(Source: Plastics Europe) of plastic produced annually. But as demand is rising and with
more sophisticated materials, applications, and products emerging, the market is
already growing very dynamically. According to the latest market data compiled by
European Bioplastics, global production capacity of bioplastics is predicted to grow by
25 percent in the medium term, from around 2.11 million tons in 2018 to approximately
2.6 million tons in 2023 [21].
COMPETITIVE PRODUCT
Petroplastic happens to be the main competitive product of bioplastic. Petroplastic is
derived from crude oil. As a result of increasing environmental concerns/legislative
pressure for dumping of non-biodegradable plastics in landfills and rapid increases in
the cost of petroleum, the development of “environmental friendly” materials has
attracted extensive interest.

23. WEAKNESS OF COMPETITIVE PRODUCTS
 They are nonrenewable resources.
 They produce toxic fumes when burnt.
 They are low heat resistant and poor ductility.
 They are non-biodegradable.
 They harm the environment by choking the drains.
 The poisonous gaseous product produced by the plastic decomposition can
cause cancer.
 They are embrittlement at low temperature and deformation at high temperature.
 The recycling of plastic is not cost effective process and even more expensive
compare to its manufacturing.
 The biodegradation of plastic takes 500 to 1000 years.
FUTURE CHALLENGES TO BIOPLASTIC AND IT’S
SOLUTION
i. RECYCLING
SOLUTION:
In the future we expect to have enzymes for each type of polymer.
So we could have an iterative process to recycle any type of plastic,
without the need for sorting, and we can recover the monomers that
interest us.
ii. EXPENSIVE
SOLUTION:
It is to take the knowledge of bioplastics to value-added
applications, such as medicine. There are also other niche applications
where bio-based plastics are being used, such as packaging for
cosmetics.

24. iii. LAND USE FOR BIOPLASTICS CONTINUOUS TO BE
INSIGNIFICANT, 97% of ALL ARABLE LAND IS USED FOR
PASTURE, FEED and FOOD
SOLUTION:
To develop microbial strains that can eat green waste (like wood
residues), which is cheap and widely available. From the waste, the bio
refinery would produce key chemicals that are used for a wide range of
applications – including plastic [22].
MARKET STRATEGY
Product name: PLASTO
Product color: Transparent
Company name: Plastic industry
Tag line: Be a part of solution, not pollution.
Capacity/size of the product: 100,000 metric tons/years
Material of the container: -
Handling: Easy to handle
Made in: PAKISTAN
Price: 500/square metres
Promotion: On TV and business magazines
Placement: In general shops.

25. REFERENCES
[1] Chaudhry FA. An Overview of Pakistan’s Plastics Industry. Atozplastics website.
Available at:
http://atozplastics.com/upload/literature/pakistan.asp. Accessed March 28, 2019.
[2] Plastic Industry of Pakistan. Slideshare. Available at:
https://www.scribd.com/presentation/23205131/Plastic-Industry-of-Pakistan. Accessed
March 26, 2019.
[3] Plastic Industry. Slideshare. Available at:
https://www.scribd.com/presentation/23204283/Plastic-Industry. Accessed March 27,
2019.
[4] Research Report on Plastic Products Segment. State Bank of Pakistan. Available at:
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.sbp.org.pk/depart
ments/ihfd/Sub-
Segment%2520Booklets/Plastic%2520Products.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjVptf_2pXiAhVd80A
KHb81D9oQFjAAegQIAhAB&usg=AOvVawO4TceGnCqA7fEVaN9AVduY&cshid=1557
654481848. Accessed March 28, 2019.
[5] Plastic Industry of Pakistan. Plaspackasia website. Available at:
https://plaspackasia.com.pk/newsite/. Accessed March 25, 2019.
[6] Plastic Industry of Pakistan |Plastic| Thermoplastic - Scribd. Available at:
https://www.scribd.com/presentation/23205131/Plastic-Industry-of-Pakistan. Accessed
April 10, 2019.
[7] Evolution of plastic Industry in Pakistan |Plastic| Karachi. Available at:
https://www.scribd.com/document/47713704/EVOLUTION-OF-PLASTIC-INDUSTRY-
IN-PAKISTAN. Accessed April 10, 2019.
[8] Plastic and Plastic Products Businesses in Pakistan-Web Directory. Available at:
https://www.urdupoint.com/business/directory/276/plastic-plastic-products.html.
Accessed April 16, 2019.
[9] Plastic Products-Lahore, Pakistan-Lahore Industry. Available at:
http://www.lahoreindustry.com/plastic-products-ct256. Accessed April 16, 2019.

26. [10] Ghamande M, Kulkarni A. Bioplastic –generating plastic from banana peels.
International Conference on New Frontiers of Engineering, Management, Social
Science and Humanities. 2018; 39-42. Available at:
https://www.google.com/search?q=generating+plastic+from+banana+peels&oq=generat
ing+plasti&aqs=chrome169i57jO1325634j1j4&client=ms-android-
oppo&sourceid=chrome-mobile&ie=UTF-8. Accessed May 9, 2019.
[11] Gaonkar M, Palaskar P, Navandar R. Production of bioplastic from banana peels.
Proceedings of 146th
THE IIER International Conference, Hong Kong. 2017; 1-3.
Available at:
https://www.google.com/search?client=msandroidoppo&ei=t__aXKP_KpDUUZW7vZAG
&q=international+conference+production+of+bioplastic+from+banana+peel+pdf&oq=int
ernational+conference+production+of+bioplastic+from+banana+peel+pdf&gs_1=mobile
-gws-wiz-serp7289980323813900199176932-1j7j2j4j210i71j30i10erm6P-fnEdo.
Accessed May 7, 2019.
[12] Judith L, Keil F. Bioplastic. Britannica website. Available at:
https://www.britannica.com/technology/bioplastic. Accessed May 10, 2019.
[13] Bioplastics. Wikipedia. Available at:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioplastic. Accessed May 10, 2019.
[14] An introduction to biodegradable plastics. CRAFTECH Industries, INC. Available at:
www.craftechind.com/introduction-biodegradable-plastics/. Accessed May 8, 2019.
[15] Bio-plastics. Weebly website. Available at :
http://bioplastics.weebly.com/advantages--disadvantages.html. Accessed April 3, 2019.
[16] The Advantages of Bioplastics. The Energy of Change. Available at:
www.theenergyofchange.com/advantages-bioplatics. Accessed April 6, 2019.
[17] Chen YJ. Bioplastics and their role in achieving global sustainability. Journal of
Chemical & Pharmaceuticals Research. 2014; 6(1):226-231. Available at:
https://www.google.com/search?q=bioplastics+and+their+role+in+achieving+global+sus
tainability&oq=bioplastic+and+their+role+&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0.11763joj4&client=ms-
android-oppo&sourceid=chrome-mobile&ie=UTF-8. Accessed April 4, 2019.
[18] Chand,S. Bioplastic ppt. Slideshare. Available at:
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/SwatiChand/bioplastic-66639312. Accessed April 8,
2019.

27. [19] Ayres,C. Biodegradable Plastics. ConnectUS. Available at:
https://connectusfund.org/7-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-biodegradable-plastics.
Accessed April 5, 2019.
[20] European bioplastics. Available at:
https://www.european-bioplastics.org/market/applications-sectors/. Accessed May 5,
2019.
[21] European bioplastics. Available at:
https://www.european-bioplastics.org/faq-items/how-large-is-the-bioplastics-market-
current-and-future/. Accessed May 5, 2019.
[22] Lab in Bioplastic, it’s More Fantastic-Lab biotech. Available at:
https://labiotech.eu/features/bioplastics-2019-feature/. Accessed April 22, 2019.